2017年-2023年高考英语阅读真题长难句解析（353-354）讲义 高考英语一轮复习

长难句翻译1.Itsuddenlydawnedonmethatthisexpresswasnotroaringdownthelineatninetymilesanhour,butbarelychuggingalongatthirty.2.Uptonow,historianshaveassumedthatcalendarscameintobeingwiththeadventofagriculture,forthenmanwasfacedwitharealneedtounderstandsomethingabouttheseasons.长难句翻译解析Itsuddenlydawnedonmethatthisexpresswasnotroaringdownthelineatninetymilesanhour,butbarelychuggingalongatthirty.【语法详析】本句的主干为Itsuddenlydawnedonme，it作形式主语，thatthisexpresswasnotroaringdowntheline…为主语从句。【词汇精讲】dawn/dɔːn/n.黎明，开端v.开始，变得明朗【组】dawnonsb开始明白【反】dusk黄昏express/ɪkˈspres/v.表达adj.特快的，快递的n.快车，快递roar/rɔː(r)/v.n.吼叫，咆哮chug/tʃʌɡ/v.（发动机缓慢运转时）发出突突声v.突突声barely/ˈbeəli/adv.仅仅，几乎不Heworksfromdawntilldusk.他从早到晚地工作。I’dliketosendthisexpress,please.劳驾，我要寄快递。Maxthrewbackhisheadandroaredwithlaughter.马克斯仰头大笑起来。InthedistanceIcouldhearthechugoffarmmachinery.离老远，我都能听到农机具的突突声。Hewasbarely20yearsoldandalreadyrunninghisowncompany.他只有20岁，却已经营起自己的公司了。【参考译文】我突然醒悟到这趟快车并不是以90英里的时速呼啸前进，而是仅仅以30英里的速度缓缓前行Uptonow,historianshaveassumedthatcalendarscameintobeingwiththeadventofagriculture,forthenmanwasfacedwitharealneedtounderstandsomethingabouttheseasons.【语法详析】本句的主干为historianshaveassumed…。1.thatcalendarscameintobeing…作assumed的宾语从句；2.forthenmanwasfacedwitharealneed…为原因状语从句。【词汇精讲】assume/əˈsjuːm/v.假设，承担/获得【名】assumptioncalendar/ˈkælɪndə(r)/n.日历，历法，日程表comeintobeing产生，出现advent/ˈædvent/n.出现，到来【辨】adventure冒险agriculture/ˈæɡrɪkʌltʃə(r)/n.农业【形】agricultural农业的Thecourtassumedresponsibilityforthegirl'swelfare.法庭承担了保障这个女孩福利的责任。Franklinjoinedherandthechildrenwheneverhiscrowdedcalendarallowed.只要能从百忙之中抽出空，富兰克林就会陪在妻儿身边。Swallowscomebygroupattheadventofspring.春天来临时燕子成群飞来。Thenumberofpeopleemployedinagriculturehasfalleninthelastdecade.过去十年，农业从业人数已经下降。【参考译文】截至目前，历史学家们已假定日历随着农业的到来而产生，因为那时人类面临着理解季节的刚需。长难句拓展Afteraspousehasbeenselected,eachfamilyinvestigatestheothertomakesureitschildismarryingintoagoodfamily.①小词典investigate[ɪnˈvestɪɡeɪt]v.调查；研究②句子分析：本句的主干是eachfamilyinvestigatestheothertomakesureitschildismarryingintoagoodfamily，其中eachfamily为主语，investigates为谓语，theother为宾语，tomakesureitschildismarryingintoagoodfamily为目的状语，itschildismarryingintoagoodfamily为宾语从句。Afteraspousehasbeenselected为时间状语从句。③参考译文：在选好伴侣后，双方家庭都会去调查对方来确保他们的孩子娶或嫁到好人家Itslawmakersgavepreliminaryapprovallastweektoalawthatwouldmakeitacrimetoemployultra-thinmodelsonrunways.①小词典preliminary[prɪˈlɪmɪneri]adj.初步的；开始的；预备的n.初步行动；准备工作；预赛，预试runway[ˈrʌnweɪ]n.跑道；河床；滑道；T型台②句子分析：本句的主干是Itslawmakersgavepreliminaryapprovallastweektoalaw。thatwouldmakeitacrimetoemployultra-thinmodelsonrunways为限制性定语从句，修饰先行词alaw。③参考译文：上周，法国立法者初步通过了一项法律，该法规定，雇用超瘦模特走秀属于犯罪。长难句精讲精练1.whenthecontainerisfull,youcansucktherefreshmentoutthroughthetube,andwon'thavetobreakdownthestilleverytimeyouneedadrink.当容器满了，你可以用管子将饮料吸出来，而不用在每次需要喝的时候将蒸馏器打破。①语法笔记本句的主干是youcansucktherefreshmentoutthroughthetube，andwon'thavetobreakdownthestill。句首Whenthecontainerisfull为时间状语从句﹔主句中谓语动词cansuck...out和won'thavetobreakdown是由and连接的并列谓语;everytime引导时间状语从句everytimeyouneedadrink。②核心词表containern.容器fulladj.满的，充满的;完全的adv.完整地;十分地搭配befullof充满…atfullspeed全速地派生fullyadv.充分地，完全地suckv.吸，吮refreshmentn.饮料，小食tuben.管子搭配atubeoftoothpaste一管牙膏haveto不得不;必须breakv.(broke,broken，breaking)打破，弄坏;撕开n.间歇;休息搭配breakawayfrom从…脱离，打破breakdown出故障，坏掉breakin插嘴;破门而入breakoff中止，中断breakout爆发have/takeabreak休息一下2.Itstartswithlookinginsideyourselfandunderstandingwhoyouarewithrespecttothenaturalworldandhowyouapproachthegardeningprocess.它从正视你自己开始，明白自己在自然界中的身份，以及你是如何了解园艺过程的。①语法笔记本句的主干是ltstartswithlookinginsideyourselfandunderstanding...，因为with为介词，所以后面使用了动名词形式looking和understanding。who引导宾语从句whoyouarewithrespecttothenaturalworld,how引导宾语从句howyouapproachthegardeningprocess，这两个宾语从句由and构成并列结构，共同做understanding的宾语。②核心词表withrespectto关于;就…而言naturaladj.自然的，天然的;天生的派生naturallyadv.自然地approachv.接近，靠近n.方式，方法记忆词根记忆:ap（表加强）+proach（接近）→一再接近→靠近搭配theapproachto…的方法gardeningn.园艺100个句子搞定高考3500词3.whentheworldwasstillpopulatedbyhunter-gatherers，small,tightlyknitgroupsdevelopedtheirownpatternsofspeechindependentofeachother.当世界人口还是由采猎者构成时，紧密联系在一起的小团体形成了各自独立的语言模式。①语法笔记本句的主干是groupsdevelopedtheirownpatternsofspeech。句首When引导时间状语从句;句末independentofeachother是形容词短语做伴随状语。②核心词表populatev．居住于，生活于，构成…的人口;迁移，移居;增添数据记忆词根记忆:popul（人民）+ate（使…）→使成为人民→构成…的人口hunter-gatherern.（多指原始社会)依靠狩猎和采集生活的人记忆组合词:hunter（狩猎者）+gatherer（采集者）→依靠狩猎和采集生活的人knitV.（使）紧密结合;编织n.编织的衣服，针织衫groupn.组，群;团体搭配agegroup年龄段developv.(使）发展;(使）发育;开发;冲洗（照片)记忆词根记忆:de（去掉）+velop（盖上）→不盖上→发展搭配developtheeconomy发展经济developchildren'sproblem-solvingability开发儿童解决问题的能力派生developedadj.发达的developingadj.发展中的developmentn.发展patternn.式样;模式记忆联想记忆:每对伴侣(partner)相处的模式(pattern)各不相同搭配behaviorpattern行为模式speechn.演讲;说话的能力independentadj.独立的，有主见的搭配beindependentof不依赖…的派生independentlyadv.独立地independencen.独立4.Bradfordsoldthebuildingandlandtoalocaldevelopmentfirm,whichplanstobuildashoppingcomplexonthelandwherethetheaterislocated.布拉德福德把那栋大楼以及土地卖给了当地的一家开发商，该公司计划在剧院所在地建一个综合购物中心。①语法笔记本句的主干是Bradfordsoldthebuild