2018年考研英语一真题与答案(原题+答案+详解)

./2018年考研英语一真题〔后附答案详解SectionIUseofEnglishDirections：Readthefollowingtext.Choosethebestword<s>foreachnumberedblankandmarkA,B,CorDontheANSWERSHEET.<10points>Trustisatrickybusiness.Ontheonehand,it'sanecessarycondition_____<1>manyworthwhilethings:childcare,friendships,etc.Ontheotherhand,puttingyour_____<2>inthewrongplaceoftencarriesahigh_____<3>._____<4>,whydowetrustatall?Well,becauseitfeelsgood._____<5>peopleplacetheirtrustinanindividualoraninstitution,theirbrainsreleaseoxytocin,ahormonethat_____<6>pleasurablefeelingsandtriggerstheherdinginstructthat

leadssheeptoflocktogetherforsafetyand

promptshumansto_____<7>withoneanother.

Swiss

Scientistshavefoundthatexposure_____<8>thishormoneputsusinatrusting_____<9>:Inastudy,researcherssprayedoxytocinintothenosesofhalfthesubjects;thosesubjectswerereadytolendsignificantlyhigheramountsofmoneytostrangersthanweretheir_____<10>whoinhaledsomethingelse._____<11>forus,wealsohaveasixthsensefordishonestythatmay_____<12>us.ACanadianstudyfoundthatchildrenasyoungas14monthscandifferentiate_____<13>acrediblepersonandadishonestone.Sixtytoddlerswereeach_____<14>toanadulttesterholdingaplasticcontainer.Thetesterwouldask,"What'sinhere?"beforelookingintothecontainer,smiling,andexclaiming,"Wow!"Eachsubjectwastheninvitedtolook_____<15>.Halfofthemfoundatoy;theotherhalf_____<16>thecontainerwasempty-andrealizedthetesterhad_____<17>them.Amongthechildrenwhohadnotbeentricked,themajoritywere_____<18>tocooperatewiththetesterinlearninganewskill,demonstratingthattheytrustedhisleadership._____<19>,onlyfiveofthe30childrenpairedwiththe"_____<20>"testerparticipatedinafollow-upactivity.1.A．onB．likeC．forD．from2.A．faithB．concernC．attentionD．interest3.A．benefitB．debtC．hopeD．price4.A．ThereforeB．ThenC．InsteadD．Again5.A．UntilB．UnlessC．Although

D．When6.A．selectsB．producesC．appliesD．maintains7.A．consultB．competeC．connectD．compare8.A．atB．byC．of

D．to9.A．contextB．moodC．periodD．circle10.A．counterpartsB．substitutesC．colleaguesD．supporters11.A．FunnyB．LuckyC．OddD．Ironic12.A．monitorB．protectC．surpriseD．delight13.A．betweenB．withinC．towardD．over14.A．transferredB．addedC．introducedD．entrusted15.A．outB．backC．aroundD．inside16.A．discoveredB．provedC．insistedD．remembered17.A．betrayedB．wrongedC．fooledD．mocked18.A．forcedB．willingC．hesitantD．entitled19.A．IncontrastB．AsaresultC．OnthewholeD．Forinstance20.A．inflexibleB．incapableC．unreliableD．unsuitableSectionⅡReadingComprehensionPartADirections:Readthefollowingfourtexts.AnswerthequestionsbeloweachtextbychoosingA,B,CorD.MarkyouranswersontheANSWERSHEET.〔40pointsText1Amongtheannoyingchallengesfacingthemiddleclassisonethatwillprobablygounmentionedinthenextpresidentialcampaign:Whathappenswhentherobotscomefortheirjobs?Don'tdismissthatpossibilityentirely.AbouthalfofU.S.jobsareathighriskofbeingautomated,accordingtoaUniversityofOxfordstudy,withthemiddleclassdisproportionatelysqueezed.Lower-incomejobslikegardeningordaycaredon'tappealtorobots.Butmanymiddle-classoccupations-trucking,financialadvice,softwareengineering—havearousedtheirinterest,orsoonwill.Therichowntherobots,sotheywillbefine.Thisisn'ttobealarmist.Optimistspointoutthattechnologicalupheavalhasbenefitedworkersinthepast.TheIndustrialRevolutiondidn'tgosowellforLudditeswhosejobsweredisplacedbymechanizedlooms,butiteventuallyraisedlivingstandardsandcreatedmorejobsthanitdestroyed.Likewise,automationshouldeventuallyboostproductivity,stimulatedemandbydrivingdownprices,andfreeworkersfromhard,boringwork.Butinthemediumterm,middle-classworkersmayneedalotofhelpadjusting.Thefirststep,asErikBrynjolfssonandAndrewMcAfeeargueinTheSecondMachineAge,shouldberethinkingeducationandjobtraining.Curriculums—fromgrammarschooltocollege-shouldevolvetofocuslessonmemorizingfactsandmoreoncreativityandcomplexcommunication.Vocationalschoolsshoulddoabetterjoboffosteringproblem-solvingskillsandhelpingstudentsworkalongsiderobots.Onlineeducationcansupplementthetraditionalkind.Itcouldmakeextratrainingandinstructionaffordable.Professionalstryingtoacquirenewskillswillbeabletodosowithoutgoingintodebt.ThechallengeofcopingwithautomationunderlinestheneedfortheU.S.toreviveitsfadingbusinessdynamism:Startingnewcompaniesmustbemadeeasier.Inpreviouserasofdrastictechnologicalchange,entrepreneurssmoothedthetransitionbydreamingupwaystocombinelaborandmachines.Thebestusesof3Dprintersandvirtualrealityhaven'tbeeninventedyet.TheU.S.needsthenewcompaniesthatwillinventthem.Finally,becauseautomationthreatenstowidenthegapbetweencapitalincomeandlaborincome,taxesandthesafetynetwillhavetoberethought.Taxesonlow-wagelaborneedtobecut,andwagesubsidiessuchastheearnedincometaxcreditshouldbeexpanded:Thiswouldboostincomes,encouragework,rewardcompaniesforjobcreation,andreduceinequality.Technologywillimprovesocietyinwaysbigandsmalloverthenextfewyears,yetthiswillbelittlecomforttothosewhofindtheirlivesandcareersupendedbyautomation.Destroyingthemachinesthatarecomingforourjobswouldbenuts.Butpoliciestohelpworkersadaptwillbeindispensable.21.[题干]Whowillbemostthreatenedbyautomation?A．Leadingpoliticians.B．Low-wagelaborers.C．Robotowners.D．Middle-classworkers.22.[题干]Whichofthefollowingbestrepresenttheauthor'sview?A．Worriesaboutautomationareinfactgroundless.B．Optimists'opinionsonnewtechfindlittlesupport.C．IssuesarisingfromautomationneedtobetackledD．Negativeconsequencesofnewtechcanbeavoided23.[题干]Educationintheageofautomationshouldputmoreemphasison_____.A．creativepotential.B．job-huntingskills.C．individualneeds.D．cooperativespirit.24.[题干]Theauthorsuggeststhattaxpoliciesbeaimedat_____.A．encouragingthedevelopmentofautomation.B．increasingthereturnoncapitalinvestment.C．easingthehostilitybetweenrichandpoor.D．preventingtheincomegapfromwidening.25.[题干]Inthistext,theauthorpresentsaproblemwith_____.A．pposingviewsonit.B．possiblesolutionstoit.C．itsalarmingimpacts.D．itsmajorvariations.Text2AnewsurveybyHarvardUniversityfindsmorethantwo-thirdsofyoungAmericansdisapproveofPresidentTrump'suseofTwitter.TheimplicationisthatMillennialsprefernewsfromtheWhiteHousetobefilteredthroughothersource,Notapresident'ssocialmediaplatform.MostAmericansrelyonsocialmediatocheckdailyheadlines.Yetasdistrusthasrisentowardallmedia,peoplemaybestartingtobeefuptheirmedialiteracyskills.Suchatrendisbadlyneeded.Duringthe2016presidentialcampaign,nearlyaquarterofwebcontentsharedbyTwitterusersinthepoliticallycriticalstateofMichiganwasfakenews,accordingtotheUniversityofOxford.AndasurveyconductedforBuzzFeedNewsfound44percentofFacebookusersrarelyornevertrustnewsfromthemediagiant.Youngpeoplewhoaredigitalnativesareindeedbecomingmoreskillfulatseparatingfactfromfictionincyberspace.AKnightFoundationfocus-groupsurveyofyoungpeoplebetweenages14and24foundtheyuse"distributedtrust"toverifystories.Theycross-checksourcesandprefernewsfromdifferentperspectives—especiallythosethatareopenaboutanybias."Manyyoungpeopleassumeagreatdealofpersonalresponsibilityforeducatingthemselvesandactivelyseekingoutopposingviewpoints,"thesurveyconcluded.Suchactiveresearchcanhaveanothereffect.A2014surveyconductedinAustralia,Britain,andtheUnitedStatesbytheUniversityofWisconsin-Madisonfoundthatyoungpeople'srelianceonsocialmedialedtogreaterpoliticalengagement.Socialmediaallowsuserstoexperiencenewseventsmoreintimatelyandimmediatelywhilealsopermittingthemtore-sharenewsasaprojectionoftheirvaluesandinterests.Thisforcesuserstobemoreconsciousoftheirroleinpassingalonginformation.AsurveybyBarnaresearchgroupfoundthetopreasongivenbyAmericansforthefakenewsphenomenonis"readererror,"moresothanmade-upstoriesorfactualmistakesinreporting.Aboutathirdsaytheproblemoffakenewsliesin"misinterpretationorexaggerationofactualnews"viasocialmedia．Inotherwords,thechoicetosharenewsonsocialmediamaybetheheartoftheissue."Thisindicatesthereisarealpersonalresponsibilityincounteractingthisproblem,"saysRoxanneStone,editorinchiefatBarnaGroup.Sowhenyoungpeoplearecriticalofanover-tweetingpresident,theyrevealamentaldisciplineinthinkingskills–andintheirchoicesonwhentoshareonsocialmedia.26.[题干]AccordingtotheParagraphs1and2,manyyoungAmericanscastdoubtson[选项]A．thejustificationofthenews-filteringpractice.B．people'spreferenceforsocialmediaplatforms.C．theadministrationsabilitytohandleinformation.D．socialmediawasareliablesourceofnews.

27.[题干]Thephrase"beerup"<Line2,Para.2>isclosestinmeaningto

[选项]AA．sharpenB．defineC．boastD．share28.[题干]Accordingtotheknightfoundationsurvey,youngpeople

[选项]A．tendtovoicetheiropinionsincyberspace.B．verifynewsbyreferringtodiverseresources.C．havesstrongsenseofresponsibility.D．liketoexchangeviewson"distributedtrust"

29.[题干]TheBarnasurveyfoundthatamaincauseforthefakenewsproblemis[选项]A．readersoutdatedvalues.B．journalists'biasedreportingC．readers'misinterpretationD．journalists'made-upstories.

30.[题干]Whichofthefollowingwouldbethebesttitleforthetext?[选项]A．ARiseinCriticalSkillsforSharingNewsOnlineB．ACounteractionAgainsttheOver-tweetingTrendC．TheAccumulationofMutualTrustonSocialMedia.D．ThePlatformsforProjectionofPersonalInterests.Text3Anyfair-mindedassessmentofthedangersofthedealbetweenBritain'sNationalHealthService<NHS>andDeepMindmuststartbyacknowledgingthatbothsidesmeanwell.DeepMindisoneoftheleadingartificialintelligence<AI>companiesintheworld.Thepotentialofthisworkappliedtohealthcareisverygreat,butitcouldalsoleadtofurtherconcentrationofpowerinthetechgiants.ItIsagainstthatbackgroundthattheinformationcommissioner,ElizabethDenham,hasissuedherdamningverdictagainsttheRoyalFreehospitaltrustundertheNHS,whichhandedovertoDeepMindtherecordsof1.6millionpatientsIn2015onthebasisofavagueagreementwhichtookfartoolittleaccountofthepatients'rightsandtheirexpectationsofprivacy.DeepMindhasalmostapologized.TheNHStrusthasmendeditsways.Furtherarrangements-andtheremaybemany-betweentheNHSandDeepMindwillbecarefullyscrutinisedtoensurethatallnecessarypermissionshavebeenaskedofpatientsandallunnecessarydatahasbeencleaned．Therearelessonsaboutinformedpatientconsenttolearn.Butprivacyisnottheonlyangleinthiscaseandnoteventhemostimportant.Ms.DenhamchosetoconcentratetheblameontheNHStrust,sinceunderexistinglawit"controlled"thedataandDeepMindmerely"processed"it.Butthisdistinctionmissesthepointthatitisprocessingandaggregation,notthemerepossessionofbits,thatgivesthedatavalue.Thegreatquestioniswhoshouldbenefitfromtheanalysisofallthedatathatourlivesnowgenerate.Privacylawbuildsontheconceptofdamagetoanindividualfromidentifiableknowledgeaboutthem.Thatmissesthewaythesurveillanceeconomyworks.Thedataofanindividualtheregainsitsvalueonlywhenitiscomparedwiththedataofcountlessmillionsmore.Theuseofprivacylawtocurbthetechgiantsinthisinstancefeelsslightlymaladapted.Thispracticedoesnotaddresstherealworry.ItisnotenoughtosaythatthealgorithmsDeepMinddevelopswillbenefitpatientsandsavelives.Whatmattersisthattheywillbelongtoaprivatemonopolywhichdevelopedthemusingpublicresources.Ifsoftwarepromisestosavelivesonthescalethatdugsnowcan,bigdatamaybeexpectedtobehaveasabigpharmhasdone.Wearestillatthebeginningofthisrevolutionandsmallchoicesnowmayturnouttohavegiganticconsequenceslater.Alongstrugglewillbeneededtoavoidafutureofdigitalfeudalism.Ms.Denham'sreportisawelcomestart.31.[题干]WhaistrueoftheagreementbetweentheNHSandDeepMind?[选项]A．Itcausedconflictsamongtechgiants.B．Itfailedtopaydueattentiontopatient'srights.C．Itfellshortofthelatter'sexpectationsD．Itputbothsidesintoadangeroussituation.32.[题干]TheNHStrustrespondedtoDenham'sverdictwith

[选项]A．emptypromises.B．toughresistance.C．necessaryadjustments.D．sincereapologies.33.[题干]TheauthorarguesinParagraph2that

[选项]A．privacyprotectionmustbesecuredatallcosts.B．leakingpatients'dataisworsethansellingit.C．makingprofitsfrompatients'dataisillegal.D．thevalueofdatacomesfromtheprocessingofit34.[题干]Accordingtothelastparagraph,therealworryarisingfromthisdealis___[选项]A．theviciousrivalryamongbigpharmas.B．theineffectiveenforcementofprivacylaw.C．theuncontrolleduseofnewsoftware.D．themonopolyofbigdatabytechgiants.35.[题干]Theauthor'sattitudetowardtheapplicationofAItohealthcareis

[选项]A．ambiguous.B．cautious.C．appreciative.D．contemptuous.Text4TheU.S.PostalService<USPS>continuestobleedredink.Itreportedanetlossof$5.6billionforfiscal2016,the10thstraightyearitsexpenseshaveexceededrevenue.Meanwhile,ithasmorethan$120billioninunfundedliabilities,mostlyforemployeehealthandretirementcosts.Therearemanybankruptcies.Fundamentally,theUSPSisinahistoricsqueezebetweentechnologicalchangethathaspermanentlydecreaseddemandforitsbread-and-butterproduct,first-classmail,andaregulatorystructurethatdeniesmanagementtheflexibilitytoadjustitsoperationstothenewrealityAndinterestgroupsrangingfrompostalunionstogreeting-cardmakersexertself-interestedpressureontheUSPS’sultimateoverseer-Congress-insistingthatwhateverelsehappenstothePostalService,aspectsofthestatusquotheydependongetprotected.Thisiswhyrepeatedattemptsatreformlegislationhavefailedinrecentyears,leavingthePostalServiceunabletopayitsbillsexceptbydeferringvitalmodernization.NowcomeswordthateveryoneinvolvedDemocrats,Republicans,thePostalService,theunionsandthesystem'sheaviestusers—hasfinallyagreedonaplantofixthesystem.LegislationismovingthroughtheHousethatwouldsaveUSPSanestimated$28.6billionoverfiveyears,whichcouldhelppayfornewvehicles,amongothersurvivalmeasures.Mostofthemoneywouldcomefromapenny-per-letterpermanentrateincreaseandfromshiftingpostalretireesintoMedicare.Thelatterstepwouldlargelyoffsetthefinancialburdenofannuallypre-fundingretireehealthcare,thusaddressingalong-standingcomplaintbytheUSPSanditsunion.IfitclearstheHouse,thismeasurewouldstillhavetogetthroughtheSenate–wheresomeoneisboundtopointoutthatitamountstothebare,bareminimumnecessarytokeepthePostalServiceafloat,notcomprehensivereform.There’snochangetocollectivebargainingattheUSPS,amajoromissionconsideringthatpersonnelaccountsfor80percentoftheagency’scosts.AlsomissingisanydiscussionofeliminatingSaturdayletterdelivery.Thatcommon-sensechangeenjoyswidepublicsupportandwouldsavetheUSPS$2billionperyear.Butpostalspecial-interestgroupsseemtohavekilledit,atleastintheHouse.Theemergingconsensusaroundthebillisasignthatlegislatorsaregettingfrightenedaboutapoliticallyembarrassingshort-termcollapseattheUSPS.Itisnot,however,asignthatthey’regettingseriousabouttransformingthepostalsystemforthe21stcentury.36.[题干]ThefinancialproblemwiththeUSPSiscausedpartlyby_____.[选项]A．itsunbalancedbudget.B．itsrigidmanagement.C．thecostfortechnicalupgrading.D．thewithdrawalofbanksupport.37.[题干]AccordingtoParagraph2,theUSPSfailstomodernizeitselfdueto_____.[选项]A．theinterferencefrominterestgroups.B．theinadequatefundingfromCongress.C．theshrinkingdemandforpostalservice.D．theincompetenceofpostalunions.38.[题干]Thelong-standingcomplaintbytheUSPSanditsunionscanbeaddressedby_____.[选项]A．removingitsburdenofretireehealthcare.B．makingmoreinvestmentinnewvehicles.C．adoptinganewrate-increasemechanism.D．attractingmorefirst-classmailusers.39.[题干]Inthelastparagraph,theauthorseemstoviewlegislatorswith_____.[选项]A．respect.B．tolerance.C．discontent.D．gratitude.40.[题干]Whichofthefollowingwouldbethebesttitleforthetext?[选项]A．TheUSPSStartstoMissItsGoodOldDaysB．ThePostalService:KeepAwayfromMyCheeseC．TheUSPS:ChronicIllnessRequiresaQuickCureD．ThePostalServiceNeedsMorethanaBand-AidPartBDirections:Thefollowingparagraphsaregiveninawrongorder.ForQuestions41-45,youarerequiredtoreorganizetheseparagraphsintoacoherentarticlebychoosingfromthelistA-Gandfillingthemintothenumberedboxes.ParagraphsCandFhavebeencorrectlyplaced.MarkyouranswersonANSWERSHEET.<10points>[A].InDecemberof1869,CongressappointedacommissiontoselectasiteandprepareplansandcostestimatesforanewStateDepartmentBuilding.ThecommissionwasalsotoconsiderpossiblearrangementsfortheWarandNavyDepartments.TothehorrorofsomewhoexpectedaGreekRevivaltwinoftheTreasuryBuildingtobeerectedontheothersideoftheWhiteHouse,theelaborateFrenchSecondEmpirestyledesignbyAlfredMullettwasselected,andconstructionofabuildingtohouseallthreedepartmentsbeganinJuneof1871.[B].Completedin1875,theStateDepartment'ssouthwingwasthefirsttobeoccupied,withitselegantfour-storylibrary<completedin1876>,DiplomaticReceptionRoom,andSecretary'sofficedecoratedwithcarvedwood,Orientalrugs,andstenciledwallpatterns.TheNavyDepartmentmovedintotheeastwingin1879,whereelaboratewallandceilingstencilingandmarquetryfloorsdecoratedtheofficeoftheSecretary.[C].TheState,War,andNavyBuilding,asitwasoriginallyknown,housedthethreeExecutiveBranchDepartmentsmostintimatelyassociatedwithformulatingandconductingthenation'sforeignpolicyinthelastquarterofthenineteenthcenturyandthefirstquarterofthetwentiethcentury-theperiodwhentheUnitedStatesemergedasaninternationalpower.Thebuildinghashousedsomeofthenation'smostsignificantdiplomatsandpoliticiansandhasbeenthesceneofmanyhistoricevents.[D].ManyofthemostcelebratednationalfigureshaveparticipatedinhistoricaleventsthathavetakenplacewithintheEEOB'sgranitewalls.TheodoreandFranklinD.Roosevelt,WilliamHowardTaft,DwightD.Eisenhower,LyndonB.Johnson,GeraldFord,andGeorgeH.W.Bushallhadofficesinthisbuildingbeforebecomingpresident.Ithashoused16SecretariesoftheNavy,21SecretariesofWar,and24SecretariesofState.WinstonChurchilloncewalkeditscorridorsandJapaneseemissariesmetherewithSecretaryofStateCordellHullafterthebombingofPearlHarbor.[E].TheEisenhowerExecutiveOfficeBuilding<EEOB>commandsauniquepositioninboththenationalhistoryandthearchitecturalheritageoftheUnitedStates.DesignedbySupervisingArchitectoftheTreasury,AlfredB.Mullett,itwasbuiltfrom1871to1888tohousethegrowingstaffsoftheState,War,andNavyDepartments,andisconsideredoneofthebestexamplesofFrenchSecondEmpirearchitectureinthecountry.[F].Constructiontook17yearsasthebuildingslowlyrosewingbywing.WhentheEEOBwasfinished,itwasthelargestofficebuildinginWashington,withnearly2milesofblackandwhitetiledcorridors.Almostalloftheinteriordetailisofcastironorplaster;theuseofwoodwasminimizedtoinsurefiresafety.Eightmonumentalcurvingstaircasesofgranitewithover4,000individuallycastbronzebalustersarecappedbyfourskylightdomesandtwostainedglassrotundas.[G].ThehistoryoftheEEOBbeganlongbeforeitsfoundationswerelaid.Thefirstexecutiveofficeswereconstructedbetween1799and1820.Aseriesoffires<includingthosesetbytheBritishin1814>andovercrowdedconditionsledtotheconstructionoftheexistingTreasuryBuilding.In1866,theconstructionoftheNorthWingoftheTreasuryBuildingnecessitatedthedemolitionoftheStateDepartmentbuilding.41.[答案]E[解析]很多选项中都出现了EEOB这个简称,那么就意味着这个专有名词一定会先有交代它的全称,再出现简称,这里只有D选项符合.42.[答案]G[解析]选项中有很多时间,所以这篇文章很可能有明显的时间线,而G出现了关键词ThehistoryoftheEEOB43.[答案]A[解析]InDecemberof1869,出现了早的时间,并且文章内容说国会选址开始建,符合逻辑44[答案]B[解析]F段中说到了建了17年,一边接一边修建,B中出现完成Completedin1875,符合逻辑45.[答案]D[解析]讲完了建筑特色,再说很多名人在其中发生的历史事件,符合逻辑PartCTranslationDirections:ReadthefollowingtextcarefullyandthentranslatetheunderlinedsegmentsintoChinese.YourtranslationshouldbewrittenneatlyontheANSWERSHEET.<10points>46>BythedateofhisbirthEuropewaswitnessingthepassingofthereligiousdrama,andthecreationofnewformsundertheincentiveofclassicaltragedyandcomedy.[解析]本句主干为Europewaswitnessingthepassingandthecreation.句首bythedateofhisbirth,考查代词指代,回上文可知为：莎士比亚.undertheincentiveofclassicaltragedyandcomedy为定语,修饰thecreation.[参考译文]莎士比亚出生之时,宗教戏剧在欧洲正逐渐消亡,而在经典悲剧和戏剧的激发下,这里正在形成各种新的戏剧形式.47>noboywhowenttoagrammarschoolcouldbeignorantthatthedramawasaformofliteraturewhichgaveglorytoGreeceandRomeandmightyetbringhonortoEngland.[解析]本句的主干为：noboycouldbeignorantthat...,意思为：没有人会不了解...,可以翻译成：人都了解whowenttoagrammarschool为定语从句,修饰noboy,可以前置翻译为：去文法学校的人都了解之后为that引导的宾语从句,宾语从句的主干为thedramawasaformofliterature,之后为which引导的定语从句,修饰aformofliterature,定语从句中mightyetdo意思为：迟早会...,定语从句可采用后置的翻译方法：它已经给希腊和罗马带来了荣耀,也可能会给英国带来荣耀.[参考译文]那些去文法学校的人都知道,戏剧是文学的一种形式,它已经给希腊和罗马带来了荣耀,也迟早会给英国带来荣耀.48>Buttheprofessionalcompaniesprosperedintheirpermanenttheaters,anduniversitymenwithliteraryambitionswerequicktoturntothesetheatersasofferingameansoflivelihood.[解析]本句为并列句.前半句theprofessionalcompanies专业公司,在本文中指的是专业戏剧公司.permanent意为：永久的,固定的,theirpermanenttheaters可翻译为：固定的剧院.前半句可翻译为：但是,专业戏剧公司有了固定的剧院而繁荣发展起来.后半句withliteraryambitions修饰universitymen,可断句翻译为：有文学抱负的大学生迅速投身这些剧院,将其视为谋生的手段.[参考译文]但是,专业戏剧公司在固定的剧院中繁荣发展起来,有文学抱负的大学生迅速投身这些剧院,并将其视为谋生的手段.49>Anativeliterarydramahadbeencreated,itsalliancewiththepublicplayhousesestablished,andatleastsomeofitsgreattraditionshadbeenbegun.[解析]本句为并列句,前半句主干为anativeliterarydramahadbeencreated,可翻译为：一种当地的文学戏剧形式已经被创立,其中被动语态可以直接翻译为：产生出来.itsalliancewiththepublicplayhousesestablished为独立主格结构,意思为：它和公共剧院的联盟关系被确立,可翻译为：它与公共剧院建立了联盟关系.后半句主干为：traditionshadbeenbegun,可翻译为：最终这种戏剧的一些伟大传统也开始出现.[参考译文]一种当地的文学戏剧艺术已经产生了,它与公众剧院也建立了联盟关系,而最终这种戏剧的一些伟大传统也开始出现.50>Torealizehowgreatwasthedramaticactivity,wemustrememberfurtherthathostsofplayshavebeenlost,andthatprobablythereisnoauthorofnotewhoseentireworkhassurvived.[解析]本句主干为wemustrememberthat...andthat句首不定式短语中torealize后为how引导的宾语从句,可以翻译为：要想知道戏剧艺术的伟大之处.further为状语,修饰remember,可翻译为：还必须记住.hostsofplays翻译为：大量的戏剧作品,其种plays应翻译为"戏剧作品".第二个that引导的宾语从句的主干为thereisnoauthor,之后ofnote意思为：重要的、引人注目的、著名的.之后为whose引导的定语从句,修饰authorofnote,定语从句可用融合法,翻译为：没有著名戏剧作者的完整作品保存下来.[参考译文]要想知道戏剧艺术的伟大之处,我们还必须记住大量的戏剧作品已经丢失,而且或许我们也不会知道那些没有完整作品保存下来的剧作家SectionIVWritingPartA51.Directions:Writeanemailtoallinternationalexpertsinyouruniversity,invitingthemtoattendagraduationceremony.Inthisletter,youshouldstatethetime,placeandotherinformationabouttheceremony.YoushouldwriteneatlyontheANWSERSHEET.Donotsignyouownnameattheendoftheletter,use"LiMing"instead.Donotwritetheaddress.<10points>范文：DearExperts,IamthechairmanoftheStudents'Unionofour

university.Asweallknow,ourgraduationceremony

isaroundthecorner.AndIamwritingforthepurposeofasking

whetheryoucanhonorustoattendit.YouareadmiredbyallthestudentsandwewouldbegratefulifyoucouldbepresentattheceremonytobeheldinourauditoriumonJune26th,at7p.m.Andonbehalfoftheuniversity,Igenuinelyinviteyoutobeourdistinguishedgueststoawardgraduationcertificatestostudentswhohavecompletedtherequiredcourseworkatpassinggrades.Ifso,furtherdetailsabouttheactivitywillbesent.Yourpresencesarecordiallyrequestedandappreciated,andIamlookingforwardtoyourrepliesatyourearliestconvenience.

Yourssincerely,

LiMingPartB52.Directions

Writeanessayof160-200wordsbasedonthefollowingpictures.Inyessay,youshould1>describethepicturesbriefly;2>interpretthemeaning,and3>giveyourcomments.YoushouldwriteneatlyontheANSWERSHEET.<20pointsInfrontofadesktopsitsayoungboywhoisstaringatthescreenandselectingthecurriculum.Apparently,atraceofhesitancyshowedinhiseyes.Heisconsideringwhethertochoosethecourseswhicharehighscored,easilypassedwithlesshomework,ortochoosethosethatcontainnewknowledge,focusoncreatingandaredifficulttolearn.Theimplicationechoedbythiscartooncanbesummarizedasaphilosophictopicinourdailylife：thesuccessofamanisclosely

relatedtothechoicemadebyhimself.Nevertheless,Icherishabeliefthatwecannottellwhethertheselectionisgoodornot,andaslongasweadheretoourdecision,successwillberealizedstepbystep.Althoughmakingachoiceisessentialtohelpdeterminethedirectionofourway,judgedfromthepersonalaspect,persistencefunctionsasanindispensabledrivingforcetokeepupourspiritandtoassistustofulfillourstudyandwork.However,somepeople,pacingupanddown,arenotindustriousandtrytofindashort-cutsuccess.Infact,onlythosewhoarehard-workingandbraveenoughtoencounterobstaclesofallsortsaremostlikelytoreachthesummitofsuccess.Accordingly,persistenceandmakingourowndecisionrationallyarebad