上、下肢骨课件

TheBonesofLimbs

山东大学医学院解剖教研室Bonesofupperlimbs

Composition:inlinewithShouldergirdle上肢带骨clavicle锁骨，scapula肩胛骨Bonesoffreeupperlimb自由上肢骨Humerus肱骨inarmRadius桡骨andulna尺骨inforearmCarpalbones腕骨Metacarpalbones掌骨phalangesoffingers指骨

Clavicle锁骨“S”shaped,medial2/3convexforwardandlateral1/3convexbackwardSternalend胸骨端mediallyandacromialend肩峰端laterallySuperiorsurfaceInferiorsurfaceScapula

肩胛骨ThreebordersSuperior:coracoidprocess喙突,scapularnotch肩胛切迹Lateral(axillary)border腋缘Medial(vertebral)border脊柱缘ThreeanglesSuperior:oppositetothe2ndribInferior:oppositetothe7thribor7thintercostalspace肋间隙Lateral:glenoidcavity关节盂,肩胛颈supra-andinfraglenoidtubercles盂上、下结节TwosurfacesAnteriorsurfaceconcave凹面的:subscapularfossa肩胛下窝Posteriorsurface:supraspinousfossa冈上窝andinfraspinousfossa冈下窝,

spineofscapula肩胛冈,acromion肩峰

Humerus

肱骨Upperend:headofhumerus肱骨头,anatomicalneck解剖颈,greaterandlessertubercles大、小结节,crestsofgreaterandlessertubercle,大、小结节嵴，intertuberculargroove结节间沟,surgicalneck外科颈Shaft:deltoidtuberosity三角肌粗隆onlateralsurface,andagrooveforradialnerve桡神经沟onposteriorsurfaceLowerend:capitulumofhumerus肱骨小头,trochleaofhumerus肱骨滑车,lateralandmedialepicondyles内、外上髁,coranoidfossa冠突窝andradialfossa桡窝(anteriorly)andolecranonfossa鹰嘴窝(posteriorly),andsulcusforulnarnerve尺神经沟RadiusUpperend:headofradius桡骨头,articularcircumference环状关节面,neckofradius桡骨颈,radialtuberosity桡骨粗隆Shaft前面后面外侧面骨间缘interosseousborder(medialborder)Lowerend:styloidprocess

茎突laterally,ulnarnotch尺切迹medially,andcarpalarticularsurface腕关节面inferiorlyCarpalbones腕骨Proximalrow―(lateraltomedial)scaphoid手舟骨,lunate月骨,triquetral三角骨

andpisiform豌豆骨Distalrow―(lateraltomedial)trapezium大多角骨,trapezoid小多角骨,capitate头状骨

andhamate钩骨Metacarpalbones掌骨NumberedonetofivefromthumbtolittlefingerStructureofeach―base(proximally),shaft,andhead(distally)Phalangesoffingers指骨Consistof14―twoforfirstdigit(thumb)andthreeforeachofotherfourdigitsStructureofeach―base(proximally),shaft,andtrochleaofphalanx(distally),tuberosityofdistalphalanx远节指骨粗隆BonesofLowerLimb

Composition:

Pelvicgirdle:hipbone髋骨Bonesoffreelowerlimb:Femur股骨inthigh(patella髌骨)Tibia胫骨andfibula腓骨inlegTarsalsbones跗骨,metatarsalbone跖骨phalangesoftoes趾骨infootHipbone

Consistingofthreefusedbones,ilium髂骨,ischium坐骨,pubis耻骨Ilium髂骨Bodyofilium髂骨体

toformsuperior2/5ofacetabulum髋臼Alaofilium髂骨翼:iliaccrest髂嵴,anteriorsuperior

iliacspine髂前上棘，anteriorinferioriliacspine髂前下棘,tubercleofiliaccrest髂结节,posteriorsuperior

iliacspine髂后上棘，posteriorinferioriliacspine髂后下棘,greatersciaticnotch坐骨大切迹,glutealsurface臀面，iliacfossa髂窝,arcuateline弓状线,auricularsurface耳状面,iliactuberosity髂粗隆,Ilium髂骨Animaginarylinejoiningthehighestpointontheiliaccrestsoverthefourthlumbarspine.Ischium坐骨Bodyofischium坐骨体―toformposteriorandinferior2/5ofacetabulum,ischialspine坐骨棘,lessersciaticnotch坐骨小切迹Ramusofischium坐骨支,ischialtuberosity坐骨结节Pubis耻骨Bodyofpubis耻骨体―toformanteriorandinferior1/5ofacetabulum,iliopubiceminence髂耻隆起Superiorramusofpubis耻骨上支:pectenofpubis耻骨梳,pubictubercle耻骨结节,symphysialsurface耻骨联合面,pubiccrest耻骨嵴

Inferiorramusofpubis耻骨下支:obturatorforamen闭孔Acetabulum髋臼―formedbybodiesofischium,iliumandpubisLunatesurface月状面,acetabularfossa髋臼窝,acetabularnotch髋臼切迹

Femur

股骨Upperend:femoralhead股骨头,foveaoffemoralhead股骨头凹,neckoffemur股骨颈,greater

trochanter大转子，lessertrochanter小转子,转子窝intertrochantericline转子间线,intertrochantericcrest转子间嵴Shaft:lineaaspera粗线,glutealtuberosity臀肌粗隆,pectinealline耻骨肌线，poplitealsurface腘面

Lowerend:medialandlateralcondyles内、外侧髁，medialandlateral

epicondyles内、外上髁,

adductortubercle收肌结节，

intercondylarfossa髁间窝,patellarsurface髌面FractureofthefemoralneckPatella髌骨TriangularsesamoidboneTibia

胫骨Upperend:medialandlateralcondyles内、外侧髁,intercondylareminence髁间隆起,fibulararticularsurface腓关节面,tuberosityoftibia胫骨粗隆

Shaft:外侧面内侧面后面interosseousborder骨间缘(外侧缘)solealline比目鱼肌线Lowerend:fibularnotch腓切迹,medialmalleolus内踝

Fibula

腓骨Upperend:fibular

head腓骨头,neckoffibula腓骨颈Shaft:interosseousborder骨间缘(内侧缘)Lowerend:lateralmalleolus外踝内侧嵴前缘Tarsalbones

跗骨ConsistofsevenshortbonesarrangedinthreerowPosteriorrow―talus距骨,calcaneus跟骨Intermediaterow―navicularbone足舟骨Anteriorrow―medial,intermediate,andlateralcuneiformbone内侧、中间和外侧楔骨,cuboidbone骰骨

Metatarsalbones跖骨numberedonetofivemedialtolateralStructureofeach―base(proximally),shaft,andhead(distally)ineachPhalangesoftoes趾骨Consistof14―twoforfirsttoe(hallux)andthreeforeachofotherfourtoes※Surfacelandmarks:phalanx

trochleaoftalus距骨滑车,calcanealtuberosity跟骨结节,tuberosityofnavicularbone舟骨粗隆,andtuberosityoffifthmetatarsalbone第五跖骨粗隆Teachingoutline

1.Masterthecompositionandarrangementoftheappendicularskeletonoftheupperlimb.2.Mastertheshapeofclavicle,scapular,humerus,radius,ulnar.3.Masterthecompositionofbonesofhand,thearrangementofthecarpalbones.4.Masterthesurfacelandmarksofthebonesoftheupperlimb:spineofscapular,inferiorangleofscapula,acromion,clavicle,greatertubercleofhumerus,lateralandmedialepicondylesofhumerus,headofradius,ole