专题05新课学习Unit4（课文学习知识讲解）（原卷版）

第05讲新课学习必修第二册Unit4（课文学习&知识讲解）目录新课学习：学习新课文重点解析：考点快速记忆小试牛刀：词句精练+能力提升&真题演练课文学习WHAT’SINANAME?TheUnitedKingdom，GreatBritain，Britain，England—manypeopleareconfusedby①whatthesedifferentnamesmean【1】．Sowhatisthedifferencebetweenthem，ifany②？Gettingtoknowalittlebit③aboutBritishhistory【2】willhelpyousolvethispuzzle④.【1】。【2】。Inthe16thcentury，thenearby⑤countryofWales⑥wasjoinedto⑦theKingdomofEngland.Later，inthe18thcentury，thecountryScotland⑧wasjoinedtocreatetheKingdomofGreatBritain.Inthe19thcentury，theKingdomofIrelandwasadded⑨tocreatetheUnitedKingdomofGreatBritainandIreland.Finally，inthe20thcentury，thesouthernpartofIrelandbrokeawayfrom⑩theUK，whichresultedin⑪thefullnamewehavetoday【3】：theUnitedKingdomofGreatBritainandNorthernIreland⑫.Mostpeoplejustusetheshortened⑬name：“theUnitedKingdom”or“theUK”．PeoplefromtheUKarecalled“British”，whichmeanstheUKisalsooftenreferredtoas⑭BritainorGreatBritain【4】．【3】。【4】。Thefourcountriesthatbelongto⑮theUnitedKingdom【5】worktogetherinsomeareas⑯.Theyusethesameflag，knownastheUnionJack【6】，aswellas⑰sharethesamecurrency⑱andmilitary⑲defence⑳.However，theyalsohavesomedifferences.Forexampleeq\o(○,\s\up7(21))，England，Wales，Scotland，andNorthernIrelandallhavedifferenteducationsystemsandlegaleq\o(○,\s\up7(22))systems.Theyalsohavetheirowntraditions，liketheirownnationaldaysandnationaldishes.AndtheyevenhavetheirownfootballteamsforpetitionsliketheWorldCup!【5】。【6】。TheUnitedKingdomhasalongandinterestinghistorytoexplore【7】，whichcanhelpyouunderstandmuchmoreaboutthecountryanditstraditions【8】．AlmosteverywhereyougointheUK【9】，youwillbesurroundedeq\o(○,\s\up7(23))byevidenceeq\o(○,\s\up7(24))offourdifferentgroupsofpeoplewhotookovereq\o(○,\s\up7(25))atdifferenttimesthroughouteq\o(○,\s\up7(26))history【10】．Thefirstgroup，theRomanseq\o(○,\s\up7(27))，cameinthefirstcentury.Someoftheirgreatachievementseq\o(○,\s\up7(28))includedeq\o(○,\s\up7(29))buildingtownsandroads.Next，theAnglo－Saxonseq\o(○,\s\up7(30))arrivedinthefifthcentury.TheyintroducedthebeginningsoftheEnglishlanguage，andchangedthewaypeoplebuilthouses【11】．TheVikingseq\o(○,\s\up7(31))cameintheeighthcentury，leftbehindeq\o(○,\s\up7(32))lotsofnewvocabulary，andalsothenamesofmanylocationseq\o(○,\s\up7(33))acrosstheUK.ThelastgroupweretheNormanseq\o(○,\s\up7(34)).Theyconqueredeq\o(○,\s\up7(35))Englandafterthewell－knownBattleofHastingseq\o(○,\s\up7(36))inthe11thcentury.TheyhadcastlesbuiltallaroundEngland【12】，andmadechangestothelegalsystem.TheNormanswereFrench，somanyFrenchwordsslowlyenteredintoeq\o(○,\s\up7(37))theEnglishlanguage.【7】。【8】。【9】。【10】。【11】。【12】。ThereissomuchmoretolearnabouttheinterestinghistoryandcultureoftheUnitedKingdom.Studyingthehistoryofthecountrywillmakeyourvisitmuchmoreenjoyable【13】．ThecapitalcityLondonisagreatplacetostart，asitisanancientporteq\o(○,\s\up7(38))citythathasahistorydatingallthewayeq\o(○,\s\up7(39))backtoeq\o(○,\s\up7(40))Romantimes【14】．Therearecountlesshistoricsitestoexplore，andlotsofmuseumswithancientrelicsfromallovertheUKeq\o(○,\s\up7(41)).TheUKisafascinatingeq\o(○,\s\up7(42))mixofhistoryandmodernculture，withbothnewandoldtraditions.Ifyoukeepyoureyesopeneq\o(○,\s\up7(43))，youwillbesurprisedtofindeq\o(○,\s\up7(44))thatyoucanseebothitspastanditspresent.【13】。【14】。similaradj.相像的;相仿的;类似的adv.相似地;同样;也n.相像性;相似性;类似性besimilarinsth在……方面相似besimilartosb/sth与……相似;跟……相仿confusevt.使糊涂;使困惑adj.迷惑的;困惑的;难懂的adj.令人困惑的;难以理解的n.困惑;混淆;不确定confuse...and/with...将……和……混淆 inconfusion困惑地puzzlen.谜;智力游戏;疑问vt.迷惑;(使)困惑adj.迷惑的;困惑的puzzleabout/over...苦苦思索;仔细琢磨bepuzzledabout对……迷惑不解breakaway(fromsb/sth)脱离;背叛;逃脱breakinbreakintobreakoutbreakupbreakdownbreakthroughresultinsth/doingsth造成;导致resultfromsthasaresultasaresultofsth/doingsthdefence.n.[U]防御，保卫[C]辩解；辩护indefenceof...为了保护……；为……辩解/辩护etosb’sdefence为某人辩护v.防御，保卫；（为……）辩护vt.辩解adj.防御的，保护的，保卫的；戒备的defendagainst防御defendoneself自卫；自我辩护；defendsb.against/from...保护某人免受……；针对……为某人辩护surroundvt.围绕;包围 n.[pl.]环境surroundsb/sthwithsb/sth……包围……besurroundedby...被……包围achievementn.[C]成就，成绩，功绩[U]达到，完成；vt.asenseofachievement一种成就感makeanachievement/achievements取得成就leavesb/sthbehind留下;忘了带;把……抛在后面leavesthasideleave(sth)offleavesthoutleavefor...locationn.地方;位置;地点vi.找出……的准确地点;确定……的准确地点adj.位于;坐落在 belocatedat/in/on...位于……chargen.收费用;指控;主管vt.收费;控告;充电incharge(of)负责;主管 inthechargeofsb由某人负责takechargeof freeofcharge免费charge...for...索价;要价 chargesbwith(doing)sth指控某人(做)某事approachto接近;近似,约等于;(做某事)的方法(途径)attheapproachof...在……接近的时候makeapproachestosb设法接近某人theapproachto(doing)sth……的方法eageradj.热切的;渴望的adv.急切地;渴望地n.渴望，热心，热切beeagerforsth渴望得到某物beeagertodo渴望做某事词句精练一．单词变形练习1.Menandwomen,youngandold,werefightingagainstthefloodin_(defend)oftheirownhomes.

2.(surround)byrowsoftrees,ourlibrarystandsoutfromalltheotherbuildings.

3.Inordertoprovethatheisinnocent,somenew(evident)isneeded.

4.ThewomanscientistwasawardedtheNobelPrizeforPhysicsforthosegreat(achieve)madebyher.

5.(locate)wheretheBeltmeetstheRoad,JiangsuwillcontributemoretotheBeltandRoadconstruction.

6.Inthatcountry,childrenundersixteenarenot(legal)allowedtobuycigarettes.

7.ThroughthewindowIcaughtthe__________(sensory)offlowersmixedwiththesmellofgrass.8.Thecityis________(dot)withsmalllakes,naturalandartificial.9.We'vecollected$50,000forthepoor,thankstothe____________(generous)ofthepublic.10.It__________(announce)thattheywillbemarriednextmonth.11.Beforeuse,yournewsmartphonemustbefully________(charge).12.Atthemeetingtheydiscussedthreedifferent(approach)tothestudyofmathematics.13.Agreatnumberofimmediatemeasureshavebeentaken(ensure)people’slivesandsafety.14.Shewasfacedwithanewjob,inunfamiliar___________(surround)withstrangepeople.

15.Ihaveneverexpectedthatmyhometownhassucha_________(fascinate)look,seenfromthesky.

16.Shelooked________(puzzle)soIrepeatedthequestion.

17.Thebike(belong)toMikewasstolenlastnight.18.“CanIhaveatry?”thegirlasked___(eager).二．短语填空1.Withmorewater____________(添加)theliquid,morechangesoccurred.2.Thefashionofstarsusually_____________________________________(对…有影响)youngpeople.3.HongKongandMacao________________(被连接起来)ZhuhaibytheHongKongZhuhaiMacaoBridge.4.Usually,anegg,aswellasasliceofbreadandaglassofmilk_____________(构成)herbreakfast.5.Myfatheralwaystellsmenevertotouchthings______________(属于)otherswithoutpermission.6.Youmayfindthetopofthemountain__________________(被…包围)whiteclouds.7.Youmust____________________________(留心，留意)ifyouaregoingtomakeyourtriptotheUnitedKingdomworthwhile!8.He_______________________(脱离)ourpanylastyear.SincethenIhaveseenhimnomore.9.He____________(接管)hisfather'sfactoryafterhegraduated.10.He__________________________(被称为)theprotectorofthekidsinthemunityinthepast.能力提升一．语法填空Withherfirstaidcourse1.__________(plete),Marthaheadedforherhome.Suddenly,sheheardacrashandsawamotorcyclist2.__________(throw)intotheair.Shecouldalsofindapedestrian(行人)3.___________(knock)down.Asother4.________(shock)passersbystoodwheretheywere,Marthaimmediatelysteppedforwardandhelped.Themotorcyclistgothisheadandarmsbadly5._______(hurt)andhewasmakingnoises.Sosheshoutedathim,“Canyoubreathe?”Whilehewasgivenemergencytreatment,the6.__________(confuse)motorcyclistactuallytriedtowalkawaybutMarthastoppedhim.Oncethemotorcyclistwasfortable,Marthawentover7.__________(check)ontheinjuredpedestrianandhadherblouse8._________(press)onhisbleedingarm.Beforelong,officialmedicalhelparrived.Lookingback9.________theincident,Marthasaid,“LittledidIknowI’dputwhatIlearntinclassintopracticeonmywayhome.Itjustshowsthateventhemostbasictrainingcanmake10._____difference.”二．真题演练2023年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试(全国乙卷)阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。Beijingisacitybridgingtheancientandthemodern.FromBuddhisttemplestomuseums,narrowhutong____41____royalpalaces,itishometomorethan3,000yearsofglorioushistoryevendowntoitslayout,withthecitykeepingitscarefully____42____(build)systemofringroads.Butforallitsancientbuildings,Beijingisalsoaplace____43____welesthefastpaceddevelopmentofmodernlife,with21stcenturyarchitectural____44____(wonder)standingsidebysidewithhistoricalbuildingsofthepast.Itisadistinctvisualcontrast(反差)thatshouldn’twork,____45____somehowthesetwoverydifferentworldsmakeagoodbination.____46____(visit)severaltimesoverthelast10years,I____47____(amaze)bythecoexistenceofoldandnew,andhowacitywasabletokeepsucharichheritage(遗产)whileconstantlygrowing.Asaphotographer,Ihavespentthelasttwoyears___48___(record)everythingIdiscovered.The____49____(remark)developmentofthiscity,whichisconsciouslydesignedtoprotectthepastwhilesteppingintothemodernworld,_____50_____(mean)thereisalwayssomethingnewtodiscoverhere,andIcouldbephotographingBeijingforthenext50years.2023年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试(全国乙卷)根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。Indoorplantsmightlookasiftheyjustsitaroundnotdoingmuch,butinmanywaystheyaretheunsungheroesofthehome.____16____,butstudieshaveshownthattheycanpromotepeople’swellbeingbyimprovingtheirmood(心情),reducingstressandhelpingtheirmemory.What’smore,indoorplantsareeasytolookafterandarenotveryexpensive.Whatareindoorplants?Indoorplants,alsoknownashouseplantsorpotplants,areplantsthatliketogrowindoors.Manyofthesespecies(物种)arenotideallysuitedtogrowingoutsideintheUK,especiallyinthewinter.____17____.Whyareindoorplantsgoodfo