高中英语定语从句导学案及高中英语定语从句教案

个性化教案定语从句Step=1\*ROMANIThinkitover(想一想)定语从句的定义及相关术语。(1)定语从句：修饰某一个________或_________的从句叫做定语从句。定语从句在句子中起_________作用，有时也可以修饰一个句子。(2)先行词：被定语从句修饰的词叫做___________。定语从句必须放在先行词的___________。(3)关系词：引导定语从句词叫做关系词。关系词包括_______________和______________。引导定语从句的关系代词有:___________________________________________引导定语从句的关系副词有:__________________________________关系词通常有两个作用A.引导定语从句B.代替先行词在从句中担当一个成分。(4)定语从句分为___________性定语从句和__________性定语从句两种。形式上：限制性定语从句前________逗号和主句隔开。非限制性定语从句前________逗号和主句隔开。意义上：限制性定语从句起限定作用，是主句不可缺少的部分。非限制性定语从句起补充说明作用，省去后不影响主句的意思。StepⅡFillintheblanks(填一填)关系词先行词充当从句的WhoWhomWhichThatAsWhoseWhen（=）Where（=）why（=）StepⅢHaveatry(试一试)根据以上表格填空，每空可填多个词。Thisisthefactory_____________________wevisitedlastweek.Thisisthewatch______________________Tomislookingfor.Theperson______________________youspoketoisastudentofGradeTwo.Thehouse______________________weliveisverysmall.Thereason_________________________hedidn’tgotoschoolisthathewasill.Theboy,____________________________motherdiedlastyear,studiesveryhard.Iwillneverforgetthedays____________________wehadagoodtimetogetheratthesea.Those______________wanttogowithmeputupyourhands.Wearegoingtovisittheschool______________________yourbrotherworks.__________isknowntoall,Chinaisadevelopingcountry.Exploration(探究互动Exploration(探究互动) 一．定语从句做题步骤：a.找出先行词，通常先行词都是_________或____________。b.判断先行词在定语从句中做什么成分。根据以上表格确认应该使用什么关系词。二．定语从句中应该注意：1）只能用that不能用which的情况有先行词是不定代词all,much,little,something,everything,anything,nothing,none,theone等时先行词前面有theonly,thevery,thelast,any,few,little,no,all等词修饰时先行词是形容词最高级或它的前面有形容词最高级修饰时先行词是序数词或被序数词修饰时先行词既有人也有物时有两个定语从句，其中一个关系代词已用who或which，另外一个最好用that2）只能用which不能用that的情况有在非限制性定语从句中只能用which，不能用that。在“介词+关系代词”引导的定语从句中，只能用which不能用that。3）如果先行词在从句中做_________时，关系代词可以省略。4）先行词在定语从句中做_________的宾语时，介词可以提前到___________前面。5)先行词在从句中做主语时从句的谓语动词要和_________保持一致。PractisingPractising(课堂检测)1.Thesungivesofflightandwarmth,_____________makesitpossibleforplantstogrow.2.I’vereadallthebooks_________________Iborrowedfromthelibrary.Thisisthebestfilm_________________Ihaveeverseen.MyfatherandMr.Smithtalkedaboutthingsandpersons__________________theyrememberedinthecountry.Everything___________________wesawwasofgreatinterest.Hisdog,_______________wasnowveryold,becomeillanddied.Ihavetwosisters,bothof______________aredoctors.Heistheonlyoneofthestudents______________hasbeeninvitedtotheEnglishEvening.Whoistheman_____________haswhitehairs?I,who_______(be)yourclassmate,willsharetheworkwithyou.Theperson______________youspokeisastudentofGradeTwo.HomeworkHomework1.Thisisthetrain____wewenttoShanghai.A.bywhich

B.bythat

C.whose

D.where2.--HaveyoueverbeentoRome?

--No,butthat'sthecity________.A.whereImostliketovisit

B.I'dmostliketovisitC.whichIliketovisitmost

D.whereI'dlikemosttovisit3.Hekeepsarecordofeverything__________hehadseenthere.

A.heB.thatC.whichD.what4.Mr.JohnsaidthatSuzhouwasthefirstcity__________hehadvisitedinChina.A.thatB.whereC.whichD.what5.TheTVplayIwatchedlastnightisthebestone________Ihavewatchedthisyear.A.whichB.whatC.whoseD.that6.Isthisthemuseum_________youvisitedtheotherday?A.thatB.whereC.inwhichD.theone7.Isthismuseum_________youvisitedtheotherday?A.thatB.whereC.inwhichD.theone8.Thisistheveryfilm__________I'velongwishedtosee.A.whichB.thatC.whoD.whom9.Whoistheperson________isstandingatthegateofBeijingTourismTower?A.whoB.thatC.whichD.whom10.Thehouse_________thecapitalistusedtoliveinisnowanursery.A.thatB.whereC.whatD.when11.Thisisthebaby_______tomorrow.A.afterwhomIshalllook

B.whomIshalllookafterC.whoseIshalllookafter

D.afterwhomIshalllookafter12.That'sthehotel_______lastyear.A.whichwestayed

B.atthatwestayedC.Wherewestayedat

D.wherewestayed13.Anyone_________thisopinionmayspeakout.A.thatagainstsB.thatagainst

C.whoisagainstD.whoareagainst14.Theplace_________youarestandingusedtobeanoldchurch.A.which

B.where

C.that

D.when15.Itisnotsuchaninterestingmagazine_______Ithought.A.asB.that

C.whichD.／16._______youknow,heisafamousmusician.A.AsB.whichC.ThatD.／17.Mr.Zhou,_______nativelanguagewasChinese,couldreadandwriteseveralforeignlanguages.A.whoseB.his

C.whichD.that18.ItookmyfriendtotheSummerPalace,________wehadsomephotostaken.A.where

B.whichC.that

D.／19.Doyouremembertheday_______yoursisterwasgraduatedasaMasterofArts?A.which

B.onwhich

C.aboutwhich

D.／20.Doyouknowthereason________hedidn'tcome?A.thatB.whichC.forD.why标题名称按题库管理系统中考纲知识点设定适用学科高中英语适用年级高中三年级适用区域全国使用人教版教材地区课时时长（分钟）240分钟知识点1、关系代词、关系副词的基本用法；2、as引导的定语从句用法；3、关系代词that与which引导定语从句的区别；4、as与which引导非限制性定语从句的区别；5、“介词+关系代词”引导的定语从句；6、非限制性定语从句教学目标1、掌握定语从句中关系代词及关系副词的用法；2、能区分关系代词that与which的用法；3、掌握as引导的定语从句的用法；4、能区分as与which引导的非限制性定语从句的区别；5、能区分定语从句与名词性从句的区别。教学重点1、关系代词、关系副词的基本用法；2、as引导的定语从句用法；3、关系代词that与which引导定语从句的区别；4、as与which引导非限制性定语从句的区别；5、“介词+关系代词”引导的定语从句；6、非限制性定语从句教学难点1、关系代词、关系副词的基本用法；2、as引导的定语从句用法；3、关系代词that与which引导定语从句的区别；4、as与which引导非限制性定语从句的区别；5、“介词+关系代词”引导的定语从句；6、非限制性定语从句教学过程一、复习预习1、对上节课课后作业中的问题进行查漏补缺；2、导入：e.g.Sheisabeautifulgirl.Sheisabeautifulgirlwhodrivesmecrazy.二、知识讲解（一）定语从句定义1、定语从句：在复合句中，修饰某个名词或代词的句子（做这个名词或代词的定语）叫定语从句，定语从句一般放在被修饰的名词或代词后面。2、先行词：被修饰的名词或代词叫做定语从句的先行词。3、关系词：用来引导定语从句的词叫做关系词。关系代词的种类：关系代词：that,which,who,whom,whose,as关系副词：when,where,why4、定语从句结构：先行词+关系词+定语从句。a、Thereshesawawallofwaterthatwasquicklyadvancingtowardsher.b、InJapan,someonewhoseesanotherpersonmakingthegesturewillthinkitmeansmoney.c、Visitorscangoonexcitingrideswheretheycanfeelwhatitisliketodothethingstheyhaveseentheirheroesdointhemovie.d、OprahWinfreyisablackwomanwhoserisetofameisaninspiringstory.（二）定语从句分类限定性定语从句：从句对先行词进行必要的描述或说明，对先行词起修饰限定作用，从句与先行词紧密相连，缺少它则句义显得不完整，一般不用逗号隔开。非限定性定语从句：对先行词进行补充说明，解释，它与先行词关系松散，用逗号隔开。1、ThemanwhogavemethisbookisTom.(限定性)2、Tom,whoisreadingabook,ismyclassmate(非限定性)（三）关系代词1、who指人，在定语从句中作主语。e.g.ThemanwhoissittingunderthetreeisaGerman.2、Whom指人，在句中做宾语，可省略，但在做介词的宾语是只能用whom,不能用who。关系代词前有介词时不能省略。e.g.Iknowthegirl(whom)theteacherisspeakingto.Iknowthegirltowhomtheteacherisspeaking.3、whose,作定语，可指人或物e.g.Everyoneheplpsthechildwhoseparentsaredead.Theyarethelazystudentswhosehomeworkwasn’thandedin.4、that指人或物，多指物，作主语（不能省略）或宾语（可省略）e.g.Heisthefinestcomradethathashelpedus.Thisisaplantthatgrowsinthenorth.5、which,指物，在句中做主语（不能省略），或宾语（可省略）。e.g.Thisisaplantwhichgrowsinthenorth.☆常用that不用which的情况1、当先行词是all,everything,anything,nothing,much,little,none,one等不定代词时，只用that。歌诀助记：不定代词这路货，全用that准没错。PayattentiontoeverythingthatIdo.2、当先行词被序数词或形容词最高级修饰时，只用that。歌诀助记：先行词前被限定，千万不要用which。Thisisthebestnovel(that)Ihaveread. 3、如果出现两个或两个以上的先行词，并同时兼指人和物时，关系代词用that。歌诀助记：两项并列人与物，引导定从用that。Theyweretalkingaboutthepersonandthingsthattheyrememberedinschool.4、当先行词被theonly,thelast,theway,thesame等修饰时。ThisisthelasttimethatIshallgiveyoualesson.5、在疑问词which开头的特殊疑问句中，为了避免重复只用that。Whichofthestudentsthatknowssomethingabouthistory.6、当被修饰的成分是数词时，（被修饰成分是代名词one，指人时除外）只用that.I’vegotonethatyoumightbeinterestedin.☆常用which，不用that的情况1、引导非限制性定语从句。Football,whichisaninterestinggame,isplayedallovertheworld.全世界都踢足球，它是一项有趣的运动。2、直接放在介词后作宾语时（介词+关系代词结构中）。Languageisthemostimportanttoolwithoutwhichpeoplecan'tcommunicatewitheachother.语言是最重要的工具，没有它，人们便无法交流。（四）关系副词1、when指时间（1）在定语从句中作状语，先行词主要为一些时间名词（year,day,time,week等）,但时间名词在从句中作主语，宾语时，应用that，which，不能用whene.g.I’llneverforgetthetimewhen(duringwhich)weworkedonthefarm.作状语Istillrememberthedaythat/whichishisbirthay.做主语Heregrettedthedaysthat/whichhespentonplay.做宾语（2）Itisthefirsttimethat…句型中，that是习惯用法，不用when。e.g.ItisthefirsttimethatIhavebeentotheGreatWall.2、where指地点（1）指前面的地点，在从句中作状语。e.g.IknowthefactorywhereIworkedtwentyyearsago.（2）指地点，在句中作主语，宾语时不能用where，须用that/which.e.g.Thisisthehousewherehehaslivedfor20years（作状语）.Thisisthehousethathehaslivedinfor20years.（作宾语）e.g.Thisistheshool｛inwhich/wherewestudyeveryyear.（作状语）Thisistheshoolthat/whichwevisitedyesterday.（作宾语） . （3）当先行词为某个方面、情况、阶段、位置等的词时使用关系副词3、why表示原因“thereasonwhy….that….”中，不能用because代替that.e.g.That’sthereasonwhy(forwhich)hedidn’tcometoschool.Thereasonwhyhedidn’tattendthemeetingisthathewasill.但reason在从句中做宾语时，关系代词用that/which,可省略e.g.Idon’tbelievethereason(which/that)hegaveme.（五）“介词+关系代词”引导的定语从句当先行词在定语从句中作介词的宾语时，往往可以把介词放在关系代词之前，构成“介词+关系代词（whom/which）”结构。但一些短语如lookafter等中的介词不能与动词分开，故不能放在关心代词之前。确定介词时：一是，依据定语从句中动词所需要的某种习惯搭配；二是，依据先行词的某种习惯搭配；三是，根据所要表达的意思来确定。e.g.That’sthereasonwhy(forwhich)hedidn’tcometoschool.（六）非限定性定语从句关系代词在非限定性定语从句中的用法。指人做主语用who,作宾语用whom，指地点用where，指时间when，指物只用which，不能用that，作定语用whose。e.g.Hedidn’tseethefilm,whichwasveryinteresting.(不用that)（七）as引导的限制性定语从句A.such….as和thesame…as的用法such….as：像….一样的，像…..之类；thesame…as：和…..同样的在这两个句型中，as是关系代词，such和same作定语，修饰主语里的某个名词（或代词），这个名词是由as引导的定语从句的先行词，as在从句中可担任主语、宾语或表语。Eg：Wehavefoundsuchmaterialsasareusedintheirfactory.(在从句中作主语)Iseldomgivemystudentssuchadifficultproblemastheycannotworkout.（在从句中作宾语）Theresultisnotthesameastheyhadexpected.(在从句中作宾语)重点比较:thesame…as…和thesame…that…thesame…as…:和…..相同（代指同类事物）；thesame…that…：和….相同（代指同一事物）两者都引导定语从句。as从句中说明的名词与thesame修饰的名词是同一类，而非同一个。that从句中说明的名词与thesame修饰的名词是同一个。Eg：Heisreadingthesamebookthatyouboughtyesterday.Heisreadingthesamebookasyouboughtyesterday.ThisisthesamepenthatIlost.=ThisisthepenthatIlost.(指同一支笔)Thisisthesame(kind/type/sort)ofpenasIlost.（指同类型的笔，但并不是我丢失的那一支）B.….suchas…的用法….suchas…中的such为代词，意思是“这样的人或物”，as在从句中作宾语，修饰先行词such。Eg：ThisbookisnotsuchasIexpect.HetoldmeofhisexperiencesuchasIhadneverhadbefore.相关链接：suchas还有“诸如，例如，像…那样的”的意思，此时后面跟名词或名词短语等。Eg：Theyboughtalotoffruit,suchasapples,oranges,etc.（八）as引导的非限制性定语从句as可以像which一样引导非限制性定语从句，用来代表整个句子的内容，它的先行词可以是名词，也可以是不定式短语或整个句子。as在从句中作主语、宾语和表语。此外，有些as引导的定语从句已成为固定用法，如：AsweknowAshasbeensaidbefore如上所述AsisknowntoallAsisoftenthecase像通常那样AsisreportedAswasexpected正如预料的那样Eg：Sheisverycareful,asherworkshows.Asweknow,smokingisharmfultoone’shealth.Asisoftenthecase,wehaveworkedouttheproductionplan.重点比较：as和which引导的非限制性定语从句的联系和区别1、as和which都可以代替整个句子，当定语从句置于主句之后时，as和which可以和互换。Eg：Hedidn’ttellmeanynews,as/whichupsetme.2、Which引导的从句，代表的前面的整个主句时，不能放在主句之前。而as引导的定语从句，代表整个主句时，可以放在主句之前或之后，有时也可以放在主语和谓语之间。Eg：Asisreportedinthenewspapers,talksbetweenthetwocountriesaremakingprogress.=Talksbetweenthetwocountries,asisreportedinthenewspapers,aremakingprogress.As与that的区别As引导的定语从句表示它的内容与主句所讲的内容相似，即指同类事物；that引导定语从句表示的内容与主句相同，即为同一事物。e.g.ThisisthesamepenthatIlostyesterday.这正是我昨天丢的钢笔。ThisisthesamepenasIlostyesterday.这正像我昨天丢的钢笔。（九）同位语从句与定语从句区别1、同位语从句和定语从句结构相似，通常位于某一名词或代词之后，但两者存在明显区别：同为语从句对名词性成分加以补充说明，是该名词性成分具体内容的体现（相当于名词的作用）。That引导的同位语从句中引导词that不在该同位语从句中充当成分，但不能被省略，同位语从句还可以用whether,how等连词引导（定语从句则不能）。定语从句对先行词加以限制或修饰，说明先行词的性质或特征（相当于一个形容词的作用），定语从句的引导词均在该定语从句中充当成分（that在其引导的限定性定语从句中充当主语，宾语或表语，充当定语从句的宾语，that可以省略）注意体会一下三组例句。第一组Wecan’tsolvetheproblemhowwecantravelfasterthanlight.我们解决不了如何才能超过光的速度这个问题。Ican’tremembertheproblemthattheyhave.我记不得他们的问题了。第二组Iwon’tbelievethefactthatheliedtohismother.我不愿相信他对他母亲撒谎的事实Iwon’tbelievethefact(that)hetoldme.我不愿相信他告诉我的事实。第三组ThenewsthatTomwouldgoabroadistoldbyhim.汤姆将出国的消息是他讲的。ThenewsthathetoldmeisthatTomwouldgoabroadnextyear.他告诉我的消息是汤姆来年将出国。三、例题精析例题1.【2011全国卷I】Theprizewillgotothewriter________storyshowsthemostimagination.A.thatB.whichC.whoseD.what【解析】C。句意为“奖项将会颁发给故事展示了丰富想象力的作者。”根据从句不缺成分和它与先行词的关系可判断前后为所属关系，选whose作定语。例题2.〖10全国Ⅱ〗Irefusetoaccepttheblameforsomething________wassomeoneelse’sfault.A.whoB.thatC.asD.what【解析】B。从句缺主语，先行词为物。例题3.【2011江苏卷】Betweenthetwopartsoftheconcertisaninterval,_______theaudiencecanbuyice-cream.A.whenB.whereC.thatD.which【解析】A。从句不缺任何成分，且先行词为时间。例题4.〖08浙江〗Yesterdayshesoldhercar,______sheboughtamonthago.A.when B.where C.that D.which【解析】D。从句缺宾语，且为非限制性定语从句。例题5.(2013陕西)______

isoftenthecasewithchildren,Amywasbetterbythetimethedoctorarrived.A.It

B.That

C.What

D.As【解析】D。固定搭配“asisoftenthecase”，像通常一样。例题6.(2012浙江卷)Ellenwasapainterofbirdsandofnature,_____,forsomereason,hadwithdrawnfromallhumansociety.A.whichB.whoC.whereD.whom【解析】B。从句缺主语且先行词为人。四、课堂运用【基础】1.Theplace_______interestedmemostwastheChildren'sPalace.

A.Which

B.where

C.what

D.inwhich2.Doyouknowtheman_______?A.whomIspoke

B.towhospoke

C.Ispoketo

D.thatIspoke3.Thisisthehotel_______lastmonth.

A.whichtheystayed

B.atthattheystayed

C.wheretheystayedat

D.wheretheystayed【巩固】4.Doyouknowtheyear______theChineseCommunistPartywasfounded?

A.which

B.that

C.when

D.onwhich5.Thatistheday______I'llneverforget.

A.which

B.onwhich

C.inwhich

D.when6.Thefactory______we'llvisitnextweekisnotfarfromhere.

A.where

B.towhich

C.which

D.inwhich【拔高】7.Greatchangeshavetakenplaceinthefactory____weareworkingsincethen.

A.where

B.that

C.which

D.there8.Thisisoneofthebestfilms_______.

A.thathavebeenshownthisyear

B.thathaveshown

C.thathasbeenshownthisyear

D.thatyoutalked9.Canyoulendmethebook______theotherday?

A.aboutwhichyoutalked

B.whichyoutalked

C.aboutthatyoutalked

D.thatyoutalked10.Thepen______heiswritingismine.

A.withwhich

B.inwhich

C.onwhich

D.bywhich课程小结本节课的知识点相对比较多但难度系数不大，主要是讲定语从句的各个关系词具体用法。主要从九个方面进行讲解，详细讲解了定语从句中各个关系代词、关系副词的用法和区别。本部分的学习还是要求学生掌握关键词，具体什么时候需要使用关系代词或者关系副词，什么叫做定语从句，希望学生能够保持思路清晰，做题的时候十拿九稳。课后作业【基础】1.Nearlyallthestreetsareinstraightlines,