2021-2022学年河南省三门峡市渑池二高二（上）第二次月考英语试卷（附详解）

2021-2022学年河南省三门峡市海池二高二（上）第二

次月考英语试卷

一、阅读理解（本大题共15小题，共30.0分）

A

Romecanbepriceyfortravelers,whichiswhymanychoosetostayinahostel.Thehostels

inRomeofferabedinadormroomforaround$25anight,andforthat,you'lloftengetto

stayinacentrallocationwithsecurityandcomfort.

YellowHostel

IfIhadtomakejustonerecommendationforwheretostayinRome,itwouldbeYellow

Hostel.Itsoneofthebest-ratedhostelsinthecity,andforgoodreason.It*saffordable,and

it'sgotafunatmospherewithoutbeingtoonoisy.Asanaddedbonus,it'sclosetothemain

trainstation.

HostelAlessandroPalace

Ifyoulovesocialhostels,thisisthebesthostelforyouinRome.HostelAlessandroPalace

isfun.Staffmembersholdplentyofbareventsforguestslikefreeshots,barcrawlsand

karaoke.Thei*e*salsoanareaontherooftopforhangingoutwithothertravelersduringthe

summer.

YouthStationHostel

Ifyou'relookingforcleanlinessandamodernhosteljooknofurtherthanYouthStation.lt

offersbeautifulfurnishingsandbeds.Thereareplentyofotherbenefits,too；itdoesn't

chargecitytax；ithasbothairconditioningandaheaterfortherooms；italsohasfree

Wi-Fiineveryroom.

HotelandHostelDesArtistes

HotelandHostelDesArtistesislocatedjusta1O-minutewalkfromthecentralcitystation

andit*sclosetoallofthecity'smainattractions.Thestaffisfriendlyandhelpful,providing

youwithamapofthecitywhenyouarrive,andofferingadviceifyourequire

some.However,youneedtopay2eurosadayforWi-Fi.

1.Whatisprobablythemajorconcernoftravelerswhochoosetostayinahostel?

A.Comfort.B.Security.C.Price.D.Location.

2.Whichhotelbestsuitspeoplewhoenjoyanactivesociallife?

A.YellowHostel.

B.HostelAlessandroPalace.

C.YouthStationHostel.

D.HotelandHostelDesArtistes.

3.WhatisthedisadvantageofHotelandHostelDesArtistes?

A.Itgetsnoisyatnight.B.Itsstaffistootalkative.

C.ItchargesforWi-Fi.D.It*sinconvenientlylocated.

B

HenryFord,well-knownasthemanwhofoundedtheFordMotorCompany,madecars

accessibletomillions.Hedidthisbydevelopingtheprocessknownasmass

production.Hisyearsofexperience,shaipobservation,andflexibleapproachestosolving

problemshadmadehimarichsourceofinspirationalquotes.Beforereadingthem,lets

learnalittleabouthislife,workandprinciples.

In1863,HenryFordwasbornonaMichiganfarm.Atage16,hewenttoDetroitand

becameanapprenticemachinist（车工学徒）.Then,afterashortperiodoftimehereturned

tohisfamilyfarm,gotmarriedandranafactoryinwhichwoodwascutusing

machines.ReturningtoDetroit,hebeganworkingforThomasEdisonatanewlyfounded

company,whereherosetobechiefengineer.

Fordpredictedthatthehorselesscarriagewouldbethemaintransportationtoolofthe

future,whichledhimtofoundhiscompanytoproduceapopularpassenger-carryingcar.In

1903theModelAcarappearedtobefollowedbytheModelTin1908.

Ford'sbusinessphilosophywassimple.Thebestqualityatthelowestcostwasthe

key.Happyworkersandsatisfiedcustomersalwaysleadtoasuccessfulbusiness.

HenryFordheldthebeliefthatnothingwasimpossible.Hewasnotinterestedinbeingtold

aboutproblems,hejustneededthesolutionstothoseproblems.Heenjoyedtaking

risks.Ford'sexperiencesteachusthatweneedtolearnfromourmistakes.Hesurrounded

himselfwithemployeeswhofeltthesameway.

BeingpreparedwasanimportantpartofFord'sapproach.Nothingcouldbeachievedifthe

preparationswerenottotal.

Hediedin1947attheageof83andhisrichexperiencehadmadehimasourceofmany

inspirationalquotes.Someofthebestandmostwell-knownarelistedhere.

第2页，共22页

4.Whatdoestheunderlinedword"them'*inParagraph1referto?

A.Inspirationalquotes.B.Flexibleapproaches.

C.Problems.D.Principles.

5.WhatkindofpersondoyouthinkHenryFordis?

A.Hewascriticalandserious.

B.Hewasgratefulandcurious.

C.Hewashumorousandproud.

D.Hewasstrong-willedandoptimistic.

6.Whatdoesthetextmainlytalkabout?

A.Ford'slife,workandprinciples.

B.Ford'sinterestandworkexperience.

C.HowFordlearnedfrommistakes.

D.WhyFordfoundedhiscompany.

7.Whatmightbetalkedaboutinthenextpart?

A.HowHenryFordbuiltuphissuccessfulbusiness.

B.SomeoftheinspirationalquotesfromHenryFord.

C.WhathehadlearnedinThomasEdison'scompany.

D.Themostimportantthingstosuccessfulcompanies.

c

FifteenpeoplehavecomeoutofacaveinsouthwestFranceafter40daysundergroundin

anexperimenttoseehowtheabsenceofclocks,smartphones,daylightandcommunication

wouldinfluencetheirsenseoftime.

MarinaLancon,oneofthesevenwomentakingpartintheexperiment,said,"Ididnofeel

anyrushtodoanythingandwishedIcouldhavestayedinthecaveafewdayslonger,butI

amhappytofeelthewindandhearbirdsongagain.Iwon'tlookatmysmartphonefora

fewmoredays,hopingtoavoidareturntoreallife."

ThegrouplivedinandexploredthecaveaspartofaprojectcalledDeepTime.Thecave

wascoolinside-about10℃,anditsairwasverywet.Thecamperssleptintents.Ifthey

wantedlight,theyhadtomakeitthemselvesbyridingaspecialbike.Theyhadtogetallof

theirwaterthemselvesbypullingitupfromawelldeepbelowthecave.

ScientistsattheHumanAdaptionInstitute,whichisleadingthe&860,000project,saythe

experimentwillhelpthembetterunderstandhowpeoplegetusedtobigchangesinliving

conditionsandenvironments.

Thecampersweretoldtosleepandeatwhenevertheywanted.Becausetherewereno

clocks,theycountedthedaysdependingonhowmanytimestheyhadslept.Whenthe

40-dayexperimentwasover,mostpeoplethoughtthey'dbeeninthecaveforabout30

days.Onemanthoughtthatonly23dayshadpassed.

"Ourfutureashumansonthisplanetwillevolve,"Clot,theprojectdirector,said."Wemust

learntobetterunderstandhowourbrainsareabletofindnewwaystosettle

problems,whateverthesituationis.”

8.WhatdoMarinaLancon'swordsshow?

A.Shelearnedalotfromtheexperiment.

B.Shethoughtsmartphoneswereuseless.

C.Shefeltunhappytogetoutofthecave.

D.Shewillreturntoherdailylifeslowly.

9.Whatwasthepeople'slifeinthecavelike?

A.Hard.B.Lonely.C.Happy.D.Busy

10.Whatdidtheexperimentfind?

A.Thepeoplevaluedtimemore.

B.Thepeoplelostsenseoftime.

C.Thepeoplesleptbetterthanusual.

D.Thepeoplewerehealthierthanbefore.

11.Whatisthebesttitleforthetext?

A.FifteenpeoplelivedinacaveinFrance

B.AcaveinFranceisusedforanexperiment

C.Peopleleftacaveaftera40-dayexperiment

D.FifteencamperswenttoexploreacaveinFrance

D

Peopleoftenkeepthecomputerrunninglateandpromisethemselves30moreminutesof

bedrestinthemoming.Peopledoitagainthenextnight.Butsleepoftenlosesoutto

gettingupearlyforschoolorwork.

There'sasimplewaytofightthis：endallartificiallightsatnightforatleastaweekend

andexposeyourselvestonaturalmorninglight,accordingtoastudyonsleepcycles.The

easiestwayofdoingthisistoavoidanyelectronicsonacampingday.Inthestudy

第4页，共22页

researcherstestedthelevelsofthemelatonin（褪黑激素）,whichcontrolsthesleep-wake

cycle.Ingeneral,melatoninmakesusfeeltired.Levelsofthemelatoninriseacoupleof

hoursbeforewesleep,andtheyfallrightwhenwewakeup.

“Inthemodernenvironment,thosemelatoninlevelsfalldownacoupleofhoursafterwe

wakeup,"saysKennethWright,oneoftheresearchers."Ourbrainssayweshouldbe

sleepingseveralhoursafterwewakeup."Thesubjects'sleepandwaketimeswereoutof

stepwiththeirbodyclocks.

Butafterpeoplegotbackfromaweek-longcampingtrip,thatwasgone."Melatoninwould

godownatsunriseandrightwhenpeoplewokeup,“Wrightsays.Andtheirresttimehad

becomeearliersothattheyweregoingtobedandrisingtwoormorehoursearlierthan

theyhadbeenbeforecamping.

Whydoesthishappen?Probablyithastodowithhowdifferentanenvironmentlitby

lightbulbsandcomputersisfromoneofsunandstarlight.Ifcampingisnotyourthing,you

cangooutorsitbythewindowandjustexposeyourselvestoanaturallight-darkcycleon

weekendsoroff-days.Andit'sexpectedthat,inthefutureworld,homes,schoolsandoffices

mayhavehuman-madelightthatcouldmimic（模仿）naturallight.

12.Thefirstparagraphdescribespeoplewhooften.

A.stayupallnightworkingB.donothaveenoughsleep

C.stayinbeduntillunchtimeD.dependonpersonalcomputers

13.Whatcanwelearnaboutthemelatoninaccordingtothetext?

A.Itcausesustofeelsleepy.

B.Itisgoodforourhealth.

C.Ithelpsustoworkatnight.

D.Itisproducedwhenwewakeup.

14.Whathappenedtothosewhowentcampingforaweek?

A.Theyarelesslikelytocatchacold.

B.Theirwake-uptimewasanhourearlier.

C.Theirresttimearrivedearlierthanbefore.

D.Theycouldfeelwarmsunshineinthemorning.

15.Whichofthefollowingwouldtheauthoragreewithaccordingtothelastparagraph?

A.Theinfluenceofcampingisstillunknown.

B.Theyoungshouldtakecareoftheirhealth.

C.Hoursofcampingcanmakeusfeelrelaxed.

D.Productscopyingnaturallightmaybedeveloped.

二、阅读七选五(本大题共5小题，共10.0分)

Householdwasteiswastewhichiscreatedineverydaylife.(1).Someofthehousehold

wasteisnotdangerouswhileotherscanbe.

Abusyhouseholdcancreateagreatdealofwaste.Andtheamountofhouseholdwastecan

increasequicklyespeciallyinnationswhichrelyheavilyonpackagingforproducts.Many

familiesliketodealwiththeirwastebysimplyburningitorputtingitunderground."

⑵.Theycanpollutetheairandthewater,havingabadinfluenceontheenvironment

wherepeoplelive.

(3).How?Beforethrowingsomethingintotherubbishbin,thinkaboutwhetheritcanbe

usedagain.Generally,paper,glassandbottlescanbebrokendownandreused.Besidesput

dangeroushouseholdwasteandothersintodifferentrubbishbins.

Lastbutnotleast,recordhowmuchwasteyoucreate.Youcanweighyourhouseholdwaste

everydayoreveryfewdays.(4).Itcansometimesbeaneye-openingexperience.Even

peoplewhothinktheyhaveasmallnumberofrubbishbinsfindthattheycreatealotof

waste.Thentheymaybeencouragedtotrytocreatelesswaste.

Dealingwithhouseholdwastealsoneedsgovernments'efforts.Nowadays,many

governmentshavefocusedontheproblemofsuchwaste.Andtheyhavecomeupwith

manyideastosolveit.⑸.

A.Thesewayscanbedangerous.

B.Theycanbebadforpeople'shealth.

C.Andrecordtheamountforseveralmonths.

D.Thenyou'llknowtheinfluenceofcreatedwaste.

E.Familiesshouldproperlydealwiththeirhouseholdwaste.

F.Itincludesbrokendishes,usedpaper,bananaorapplepeels,etc.

G.Forexample,theyteachpeoplehowtocorrectlythrowhouseholdwaste.

第6页，共22页

16.A.AB.Bc.cD.DE.

EF.FG.G

17.A.AB.Bc.cD.DE.

EF.FG.G

18.A.AB.Bc.cD.DE.

EF.FG.G

19.A.AB.Bc.cD.DE.

EF.FG.G

20.A.AB.Bc.cD.DE.

EF.FG.G

三、完形填空(本大题共20小题，共30.0分)

Benedictmadehistorythisweekwhenhebecamethefirstblindpersontocompletethe

ParisHalfMarathonwithguidedogsandnohumanassistance.

Acrowdofblindpeople⑵)theirHalfMarathonat9：00thisWednesdaywithabouttwo

thousandpeople(22)thegame.£23)itwasstillalittlecoldasitwasraining(24),thepeople

withouttheirsightranfastwiththehelpoftheir(25).Fallingdownsometimes,they(26)up

andwentonrunning,whichwasveryattractive,(27)andencouraging.

Ofcourse,somefewdogsdidn't£28)theirhostsintherightway.Asaresult,those(29)

didn'tfinishtheirtask,buttheywerereally(30).Intheend,onlyabouttwentyblind

people⑶)theirdestination.Amongthem,Benedicdidthe(32),whogotthefirstplacein

thegame.

Withthe(33)ofhisthreedogsnamedWaffle,Westley,andGus,which(34)leadinghim

throughoutthe13.1milerace,Benedic(35)thefinishinglineinjustover2hours20

minutes.

Thegame(36)atabout12：00,andmanypeoplewereso(37)bythespoilspiritoftheblind

peoplethattheywerenot(38)toleavethespot.Whenaskedabouthisfeelingofthegame,

"Nomatterwhatyour[39)is,"saidBenedic,48,whoisCEOofGuidingEyesfortheBlind,

"don'tlet(40)tellyouthatyoucan't."

21.A.startedB.heldC.caughtD.registered

22.A.supportingB.watchingC.joiningD.playing

23.A.IfB.SinceC.BecauseD.Though

24.A.rarelyB.sometimesC.slightlyD.usually

25.A.assistantsB.sticksC.dogsD.drivers

26.A.addedB.lookedC.climbedD.rose

27.A.strikingB.tiringC.satisfyingD.disappointing

28.A.carryB.leadC.requireD.bear

29.A.personsB.viewersC.animalsD.workers

30.A.sadB.worriedC.greatD.proud

31.A.soughtB.reachedC.foundD.recognized

32.A.mostB.leastC.worstD.best

33.A.instructionB.exceptionC.helpD.control

34.A.tookturnsB.wentonC.gaveupD.hadtroubles

35.A.leftB.brokeC.setD.crossed

36.A.lostB.endedC.continuedD.began

37.A.confusedB.boredC.pushedD.moved

38.A.sadB.willingC.happyD.satisfied

39.A.jobB.positionC.challengeD.aim

40.A.anyoneB.someoneC.everyoneD.none

四、语法填空(本大题共1小题，共15.0分)

41.Buyingsecond-handitemsisbecomingmorepopularthesedays.Peopleareselling

second-handitems(1)(range)fromclothingtobooksonXianyu.

Peoplehaveboughtmorethingsthantheyreallyneed,accordingtoaspeech(2)(give)

byWeiYing,founderofthesecond-handbook-tradingsiteDeiaVu.Asmorepeopleturn

toaminimallifestyle,theyaresellingtheiruseditemscheaply.Thelowpricesare(3)

(attract)toshoppers,aswell(4)thefactthatbuyingsecond-handitemsisgoodforthe

environment.

Youcansearchforthebooksyouwantandaddthemtoyourshoppingcartjustlikeonany

othershoppingsite.The(5)(different)isthatthebooksaremuch(6)(cheap).

Besideslowerprices,peoplecanalsofindout-of-print(绝版的)books.YanMinjun,a

collegestudent,hasboughtmanyclassicversionsofbooksonDejaVu,suchasacopyof

PrideandPrejudice(7)waspublishedbyPeople'sLiteratePublishingHousein1993.1

lookedforitfor(8)longtime.NowIhaveit!shesaid.

第8页，共22页

Buyingoldbookscanevenconnectreaders.ZhaoKaiqi,a22-year-oldcollege

student,oncefoundanoteinasecond-handbookshebought."Itspreviousownershared

herthoughts.ltwas(9)(definite)heartwarming,"Zhaosaid."Iintend(10)(do)the

samethinginthefuture,too."

(1)

(2)

(3)

(4)

(5)

(6)

(7)

(8)

(9)

(10)

五、短文改错(本大题共1小题，共10.0分)

42.假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文，请你修改你同桌写的以下短文。短

文中共有10处错误，每句中最多有两处。错误涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。

增加：在缺词处加一个漏字符号(A),并在此符号下面写出该加的词。

删除：把多余的词用斜线(\)划掉。

修改：在错的词下划一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词。

注意：I.每处错误及其修改均仅限-一词；

2.只允许修改10处，多者(从第11处起)不计分。

IoncelivedinmyneighborMrs.Wang'shomeforaweekwhenmymomwasinhospital

inothercity.AtthefirstIwassoworriedaboutmymomthatIcouldn'tconcentrateinmy

studies.WhenMrs.Wangknewaboutmyworries,shegivesmealotofhelp.Shecooked

deliciousfood,invitedmegowalkingwithheraftersupperorhelpedmewithmy

studies.Whatshedidmademelessworrying.Whenmymothercameback,shewashealthy

andhappytoknowthatIhadsoagoodweek.IcanstillclearrememberMrs.Wang's

kind.Wetwofamiliesstillkeepagoodrelationshipwitheachothernow.

六、书面表达（本大题共1小题，共25.0分）

43.假定你是李华，你校将举办音乐节。请写封邮件邀请你的英国朋友Allen参加，内

容包括：

(1)时间;

⑵活动安排；

(3)欢迎他表演节目。

注意：

⑴词数100左右;

(2)可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。

第10页，共22页

答案和解析

1.【答案】

【小题1]C【小题2】B【小题3】C

【解析】（I）C.细节理解题。根据原文第一句Romecanbepriceyfortravelers,whichiswhy

manychoosetostayinahostel（旅社）.（对旅行者来说，罗马可能很昂贵，这就是许多

人选择住旅社的原因。）可知旅游的人选择住旅社是因为价格原因。故选C。

（2）B.细节理解题。根据原文HostelAlessandroPalace中的Ifyoulovesocialhostels,this

isthebesthostelforyouinRome.HostelAlessandroPalaceisfun.Staffmembersholdplentyof

bareventsforguestslikefreeshots,barcrawlsandkaraoke.There'salsoanareaontherooftop

forhangingoutwithothertravelersduringthesummer.（如果你喜欢社交旅馆，这是罗马

最适合你的旅馆。旅舍亚历山德罗宫是有趣的。工作人员为客人举办大量的酒吧活动，

如免费酒水，酒吧爬和卡拉0K。屋顶上还有一个区域，夏天可以和其他游客一起出去

玩。）可知在这个旅馆会有大量的社交活动，因此适合热衷社交的旅客。故选B。

（3）C.细节理解题。根据HotelandHostelDesArtistes中的However,youneedtopay2

eurosadayforWi-Fi.（但是，你需要支付2欧元/天的Wi-Fi费用。）可知这个酒店需要

付费才能上网。A.ItchargesforWi-Fi.（对Wi-Fi收费）正确。故选C。

这是一篇广告。文章介绍了旅游城市罗马几个热门的酒店，它们有不同的风格，供您选

择。

阅读理解解题步骤：首先对原文材料迅速浏览，掌握全文的主旨大意，因为阅读理解题

一般没有标题，所以，速读全文，抓住中心主旨很有必要，在速读的过程中，应尽可能

多地捕获信息材料；其次细读题材，各个击破，掌握全文的大意之后，细细阅读每篇材

料后的问题，弄清每题要求后，带着问题，再回到原文中去寻找、捕获有关信息，要善

于抓住每段的主题句，阅读时，要有较强的针对性，对于捕获到的信息，要做认真分析，

仔细推敲，理解透彻，只有这样，针对题目要求，才能做到稳、准。

4.【答案】

【小题1】A【小题2】D【小题3】A【小题4】B

【解析】（1）A.代词指代题。根据第一段中them之前的reading及上句中的“Hisyearsof

experience.sharpobservation,andflexibleapproachestosolvingproblemshadmadehimarich

sourceofinspirationalquotes.（他多年的经验、敏锐的观察和灵活的解决问题的方法使他

成为鼓舞人心的名言的丰富来源）”可知，划线词语them指的是上句提到的他的鼓舞人

心的名言。A.Inspirationalquotes”励志短句”；B.Flexibleapproaches”灵活的方法”；

CProblems”问题”;D.Principles”原则二选项A符合题意。故选A。

（2）D.观点态度题。根据第五段中"HenryFordheldthebeliefthatnothingwas

impossible.Hewasnotinterestedinbeingtoldaboutproblems,hejustneededthesolutionsto

thoseproblems.Heenjoyedtakingrisks.（亨利•福特相信没有什么是不可能的。他对别人

告诉他问题不感兴趣，他只是需要这些问题的解决方案。他喜欢冒险）”和第六段"Being

preparedwasanimportantpartofFord'sapproach.Nothingcouldbeachievedifthe

preparationswerenottotal.（做好准备是福特策略的重要组成部分。如果准备不充分，就

不会有任何成就）”可知，亨利•福特相信没有事情是做不到的，他不惧困难，总是做好

准备，喜欢冒险，所以他是一个意志坚定且乐观向上的人。A.Hewascriticalandserious"

他既挑剔又严肃"；B.Hewasgratefulandcurious”他既感激又好奇"C.Hewashumorousand

proud”他既幽默又骄傲”；D.Hewasstrong-willedandoptimistic”他意志坚强，乐观向上”。

选项D符合题意。故选D。

（3）A.主旨大意题。通读全文可知，第一段是总说，概括了亨利•福特成功的秘诀，引

出下文。下面几段分别讲述了他的人生、工作经历，做人和做生意的原则。最后一段和

第一段呼应。由此可知，文章主要讲述的是亨利•福特的人生、工作经历和原则。故选

A.

（4）B.推理判断题。第一段中"Hisyearsofexperience,sharpobservation,andflexible

approachestosolvingproblemshadmadehimarichsourceofinspirationalquotes.Before

readingthem,let'slearnalittleabouthislife,workandprinciples.（他多年的经验、敏锐的观

察和灵活的解决问题的方法使他成为鼓舞人心的名言的丰富来源。在阅读它们之前，让

我们先了解一下他的生活、工作和做人原则）”提到了下文要阅读他的名言及最后一段

"hisrichexperiencehadmadehimasourceofmanyinspirationalquotes.Someofthebestand

mostwell-knownarelistedhere.（他丰富的经历使他成为许多鼓舞人心的名言的来源。这

里列出了一些最好和最著名的。）”可知，下文将会列出亨利•福特的励志名言。故选B。

本文是一篇记叙文。讲述了福特汽车公司的创始人HenryFord的人生、工作经历，做人

第12页，共22页

和做生意的原则。

阅读理解题测试考生在阅读基础上的逻辑推理能力，要求考生根据文章所述事件的逻辑

关系，对未说明的趋势或结局作出合理的推断；或根据作者所阐述的观点理论，对文章

未涉及的现象、事例给以解释。考生首先要仔细阅读短文，完整了解信息，准确把握作

者观点。

8.【答案】

【小题1】D【小题2】A【小题3】B【小题4】C

【解析】(1)D.推理判断题。根据原文第二段

IdidnofeelanyrushtodoanythingandwishedIcouldhavestayedinthecaveafewdayslo

nger,butIamhappytofeelthewindandhearbirdsongagain.Iwon'tlookatmysmartphonef

orafewmoredays,hopingtoavoidareturntoreallife.我不急于做任何事情，我希望我可以

在洞里多呆几天，但我高兴地感觉风和听到鸟叫声。这几天我不会再看手机了，希望能

避免回到现实生活中。可知不愿意回到现实社会中，可以推知她会慢慢地回到日常生活

中。故选D。

(2)A.推理判断题。根据原文第三段Thecamperssleptintents.Iftheywantedlight,Iheyhad

lomakeitthemselvesbyridingaspecialbike.Theyhadtogelalloftheirwaterthemselvesby

pullingitupfromawelldeepbelowthecave.野营者睡在帐篷里。如果他们想要广告，他

们必须骑一辆特殊的自行车自己造出光。他们不得不自己从洞穴深处的一口井里把水提

上来，以获得所有的水。可知他们的生活很艰难，结合选项：A.Hard.艰难的；B.Lonely.

孤独的；C.Happy.幸福的；D.Busy繁忙的。故选A。

(3)B.细节理解题。根据原文倒数第二段Becausetherewerenoclocks,theycountedthe

daysdependingonhowmanytimestheyhadslept.Whenthe40-dayexperimentwasover,most

peoplethoughtthey'dbeeninthecaveforabout30days.Onemanthoughtthatonly23days

hadpassed.因为没有时钟，他们根据睡了多少次来计算天数。当40天的实验结束时，大

多数人认为他们已经在洞穴里呆了大约30天。一个人以为只有23天过去了。可知人们

失去了时间感。故选B。

(4)C.标题判断题。本文讲述15人在法国西南部的一个洞穴中进行了一项实验，他们

在地下生活了40天，目的是了解没有时钟、智能手机、日光和通讯设备会对他们的时

间感产生何种影响。可知以"在40天的实验后，人们离开了一个洞穴”为题目最合适，

故选Co

本文讲述15人在法国西南部的一个洞穴中进行了一项实验，他们在地下生活了40天,

目的是了解没有时钟、智能手机、日光和通讯设备会对他们的时间感产生何种影响。

阅读理解解题步骤：首先对原文材料迅速浏览，掌握全文的主旨大意，因为阅读理解题

一般没有标题，所以，速读全文，抓住中心主旨很有必要，在速读的过程中，应尽可能

多地捕获信息材料；其次细读题材，各个击破，掌握全文的大意之后，细细阅读每篇材

料后的问题，弄清每题要求后，带着问题，再回到原文中去寻找、捕获有关信息，要善

于抓住每段的主题句，阅读时，要有较强的针对性，对于捕获到的信息，要做认真分析，

仔细推敲，理解透彻，只有这样，针对题目要求，才能做到稳、准。

12.【答案】

【小题1】B【小题2】A【小题3】C【小题4】D

【解析】(1)B.推理判断题。根据原文第一段Peopleoftenkeepthecomputerrunninglate

andpromisethemselves30moreminutesofbedrestinthemorning.Peopledoitagainthenext

night.Butsleepoftenlosesouttogettingupearlyforschoolorwork.人们经常让电脑运行至1J

很晚，并承诺自己早上在床上多休息30分钟。第二天晚上人们还会这么做。但是，早

起床上学或上班往往会让睡眠失去意义。可知第一段描述的是那些经常睡眠不足的人。

故选B。

(2)A.推理判断题。根据原文第二段Ingeneral,melatoninmakesusfeeltired.Levelsofthe

melaloninriseacoupleofhoursbeforewesleep,andtheyfallrightwhenwewakeup.一般来

说，褪黑激素会让我们感到疲劳。褪黑激素的水平在我们睡觉前几个小时会上升，在我

们醒来的时候会下降。可知根据课文我们知道褪黑素使我们感到困倦。故选A。

(3)C.细节理解题。根据原文倒数第二段Andtheirresttimehadbecomeearliersothatthey

weregoingtobedandrisingIwoormorehoursearlierthantheyhadbeenbeforecamping.他

们的休息时间也提前了，睡觉和起床都比露营前早了两个或两个多小时。可知去露营一

周的人他们的休息时间比以前来得早。故选C。

(4)D.细节理解题。根据原文最后一段Whydoesthishappen?Probablyithastodowith

howdifferentanenvironmentlitbylightbulbsandcomputersisfromoneofsunand

starlight.Ifcampingisnotyourthing,youcangooutorsitbythewindowandjustexpose

yourselvestoanaturallight-darkcycleonweekendsoroff-days.Andit'sexpectedthat,inthe

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futureworld,homes,schoolsandofficesmayhavehuman-madelightthatcouldmimicnatural

light.为什么会发生这种情况？这可能与灯泡和电脑照亮的环境与太阳和星光照亮的环

境有多大的不同有关。如果你不喜欢露营，你可以在周末或休息日出去或坐在窗边，把

自己暴露在自然的光和黑暗之中。预计，在未来的世界里，家庭、学校和办公室可能会

有模仿自然光的人造光。可知根据最后一段，作者认为可以开发复制自然光的产品。故

选D。

本文讲述了一项实验的过程和结果，并且解释了褪黑激素对人的睡眠的影响。

阅读理解解题步骤：首先对原文材料迅速浏览，掌握全文的主旨大意，因为阅读理解题

一般没有标题，所以，速读全文，抓住中心主旨很有必要，在速读的过程中，应尽可能

多地捕获信息材料；其次细读题材，各个击破，掌握全文的大意之后，细细阅读每篇材

料后的问题，弄清每题要求后，带着问题，再回到原文中去寻找、捕获有关信息，要善

于抓住每段的主题句，阅读时，要有较强的针对性，对于捕获到的信息，要做认真分析，

仔细推敲，理解透彻，只有这样，针对题目要求，才能做到稳、准。

16.【答案】

【小题1】F【小题2】A【小题3】E【小题4】C【小题5】G

【解析】（1）F.细节理解题。根据上文

Householdwasteiswastewhichiscreatedineverydaylife.（生活垃圾是日常生活中产生的

垃圾。）可知下文介绍家庭废物的种类，F项

Itincludesbrokendishes,usedpaper,bananaorapplepeels,etc.（它包括碎盘子、用纸、香蕉

皮或苹果皮等。）和上文吻合。故选F。

（2）A.推理判断题。根据下文

Theycanpollutetheairandthewater,havingabadinfluenceontheenvironmentwherepeopl

elive.（它们会污染空气和水，对人们居住的环境造成不良影响。）可知，下文是A项

Thesewayscanbedangerous.（这些方法可能是危险的。）故选A。

（3）E.标题判断题。根据下文How?

Beforethrowingsomethingintotherubbishbin,thinkaboutwhetheritcanbeusedagain.Gen

erally,paper,glassandbolllescanbebrokendownandreused.（怎么做？在把东西扔进垃圾

桶之前，先考虑一下它是否可以再次使用。一般来说，纸张、玻璃和瓶子都可以分解并

重复使用。）可知，本段主要介绍如何处理家庭废物，E项

Familiesshouldproperlydealwiththeirhouseholdwaste.（家庭应妥善处理家庭废物。）是

本段主旨。故选E。

（4）C.细节理解题。根据上文

Lastbutnotleast,recordhowmuchwasteyoucreate.Youcanweighyourhouseholdwasteev

erydayoreveryfewdays.（最后但同样重要的一点是，记录你创造了多少浪费。你可以

每天或每隔几天称一次你的家庭垃圾。）说明下文是记录的内容，C项

Andrecordtheamountforseveralmonths.（并记录几个月的量。）符合上下文逻辑。故

选C。

（5）G.推理判断题。根据上文Andtheyhavecomeupwithmanyideastosolveit.（他们

想出了很多解决办法。）