高二英语教师用书：ModuleSectionⅢGrammar复习被动语态含解析

学必求其心得，业必贵于专精学必求其心得，业必贵于专精学必求其心得，业必贵于专精复习被动语态语境自主领悟先观察原句后自主感悟1.Today，carnivalinVeniceiscelebratedforfivedaysinFebruary。2.Iftheybrokethelaws，theywereputintoprisonforuptotwoyears.3。Thepartywillbeheldinfivedays.4.Twohundredtreeshavebeenplantedsincethemancamehere。1。句1用了一般现在时的被动语态,其构成为“am/is/are＋过去分词”.2。句2用了一般过去时的被动语态，其构成为“was/were＋过去分词”。3。句3用了一般将来时的被动语态，其构成为“will/shall＋be＋过去分词”。4。句4用了现在完成时的被动语态,其构成为“have/has＋been＋过去分词”.一、被动语态的基本时态变化1．各种时态被动语态的构成被动语态由助动词be和及物动词的过去分词构成。被动语态可用于各种时态,其时态变化通过助动词be的不同形式来体现。时态动词的被动形式例句一般现在时am/is/aredoneEnglishistaughtinmostschools。一般过去时was/weredoneTheletterwastypedonthecomputer。一般将来时shall/willbedoneTheproblemwillbediscussedtomorrow。现在进行时am/is/arebeingdoneThebridgeisbeingbuilt。过去进行时was/werebeingdoneAtthattimethedeskwasbeingrepaired.现在完成时have/hasbeendoneThehousehasbeenbuilt.过去完成时hadbeendoneTheysaidthattheirworkhadbeenfinished。过去将来时wouldbedoneHesaidthetreeswouldbeplantedsoon。2。被动语态的特殊形式(1)含有情态动词的被动语态的结构为：情态动词＋be＋过去分词Somethingmustbedonetostopthewaterfrombeingpolluted。必须采取措施来制止水受到污染。（2)“get＋过去分词"式被动语态在口语和非正式的语体中，常用“get＋过去分词”表示被动语态，其中get相当于be动词,起助动词的作用。这种形式一般用来谈论突然发生的事，通常只表示动作，不表示状态。Someglassesgotbrokenwhenweweremoving。我们搬家时有些玻璃杯被打碎了.［即时训练1]完成句子①Wearenotallowed(不允许）toenterthechemistrylabwithoutateacher.②Thebookhasbeenpublished（已经出版)andyoucanbuyoneinthelocalbookstore.③Tomalwayshadthefeelingthattheywerebeingwatched(正在被监视)．④Measuresmustbetaken（一定要采取)topreventthewaterfrombeingpolluted.⑤Thehallisbeingbuilt(正在建造)．Iwonderwhetheritwillbefinished（将完成）attheendoftheyear。二、主动形式表示被动意义1．当look，sound，smell，taste,feel，prove,remain，stay等作系动词时.Thesoupsmellsgoodbuttastesterrible。这种汤闻起来不错，但太难喝了。Thetheoryprovedtobecorrect.这个理论证明是正确的。2．表示主语某种属性、特征的动词如read，sell，write，wash，wear等。Thiskindofbooksellswell。这种书很畅销.Theshirtwasheswell.这衬衫很好洗。3．表示开始、结束、运动的动词如begin，start，finish,stop，open，close等。Theshopclosesat6p．m。everyday。商店每天下午6点关门.[即时训练2］单句语法填空①Yourreasonsounds（sound)reasonable.②Mypenwrites(write)quitesmoothly。③Wemustgettherebeforethelecturebegins（begin)．三、使用被动语态应注意的问题1．不及物动词及短语不能用于被动语态。常见的有：rise,appear,disappear，happen，occur，breakout，takeplace，runout，giveout(用完,耗尽)等。Mymoneyhasrunout.Canyoulendmesome？我的钱用完了，你能借给我一些吗？2．在主动语态里，感官动词和使役动词后面跟不带to的不定式作宾补，但变为被动语态时，须带to.IoftenhearhersingEnglishsongs。→SheisoftenheardtosingEnglishsongsbyme。我经常听见她唱英语歌。3．带有介词或副词的动词短语用作被动语态的谓语时，介词或副词不能省略。Sheoftenlooksaftertheoldman。→Theoldmanisoftenlookedafterbyher。她经常照顾这位老人。4．含有双宾语的主动结构变为被动结构时，有两种方法：一是将间接宾语变为主语，直接宾语保持不变；二是将直接宾语变为主语，间接宾语前加介词to或for。Hermotherboughtheracomputer.→Shewasboughtacomputerbyhermother.→Acomputerwasboughtforherbyhermother.她妈妈给她买了一台电脑。[即时训练3]单句改错①Atrafficaccidentwashappenednearourschoollastnight。去掉was②GreatchangeshavebeentakenplaceinChinainthepastfiveyears.去掉been③Atallmanwasseengointotheroomjustnow.go前加toⅠ.单句语法填空1．TaiChiiscalled(call)“shadowboxing”inEnglish.2．Hermotherwasexcited.“Yourfatherhasatleastdecidedtostopsmoking，”Janewasinformed(inform)．3．Themachineisequipped(equip)withsecuringcamerasandalarms。4．Forthousandsofyears，thefestivalhasbeenmarked（mark)byeatingzongziandracingdragonboatsinhonourofQuYuan。5．Nowcollegegraduatesareencouraged（encourage)tostarttheirownbusiness,whichsoundsreallygoodforus。6．HegoestoaBuddhistmonkforadviceandexpectstobetold（tell)howtoliveamoresimplelife.7．Alotofattentionisbeingpaid（pay）togreenhousegasemission.Lookatthosepostersforenvironmentalprotection.8．AnEnglishtalkabouthowtolearnEnglishwellwillbegiven(give）thisSaturday。Wouldyouliketolistentoit？9．Ihaveboughttwoballpens，butneitherofthemwrites(write)well.10．Becarefulnottogetburnt（burn)bythesun.Ⅱ。单句改错（每小题仅有1处错误）1．Themeetingwaslastedfornearlyfourhoursandmanypeoplefeltsleepy。去掉was2．Stopmakingnoise。Thenewsisbroadcastatthemoment。broadcast前加being3．Pauldoesn’thavetobemadestudy.Healwaysworkshard.study前加to4．Thebirthdaycakewastasteddeliciousandsheateanotherpiece。去掉was5．Itwasthethirdtimehehadinterruptedbytheknocksattheerrupted前加been6．Heappearedonthestageandwaswarmlyapplaudingbytheaudience。applauding→applauded7．Thedishestastingsodeliciouscookedbymyfather.cooked前加were8．TeainChinawastraditionallydrankfr