医学学术英语-课本主要概念-内容

医患关系U1（医生繁忙的工作性质导致了医生与病人之间的相互误解,对病人来说，需要理解医生的工作）Meanidea:It’sreallycommontoreadorhearaboutthecomplaintsofdoctor’sbeimpatientandcareless.Althoughthereareprobablyafewdoctorswhotrulyaretone-deaf,mostarereasonablyempathichumanbeings,andIwonderwhyeventhesedoctorsseempreytothiscriticism为什么会有这种误解：Neuronoverloadonthedoctorsidethatleadstotheproblem.Sometime,onestrayrequest（一个冷不丁的问题）fromapatient-evenonethatisquiterelevant-mightinterruptdoctors’thinking（mightcatchoneofthedoctors’neuronsinmid-fire)Patients’highexpectationMistrustandmisunderstandingbetweenthepatientsandphysicianU7/主要是讨论病人自主，但可以在医患关系里提及生了/（医学伦理学在解决医患关系时需要注意的，对医生来说，需要顾及到病人的情况）Respectforthepatient,especiallythepatient’sautonomy(自主权)Meanidea:Inaneraoffastadvancingmedicaltechnology,rapidlychangingmedicalethics,andinincreasinglylitigioussociety,goodphysician-patientrelationshipiscriticallyimportantforeffectivehealthcaredelivery.医生和患者需要做出哪些艰难的决定：Decidewhetherlife-supportsystemshouldbecontinuedorwithdrawnDecidewhetheranewtherapyshouldbetriedDecidewhethersurgeryshouldbethefirstchoiceorthelastresortDecidewhethertransferorreferral（转介）isneededDecidewhethereuthanasia（安乐死）shouldbeconsidered什么是paternalisticdecision-making（家长式决策）Adoctorplaytheroleofanexclusivedecisionmakerwhilehispatientisconsideredastheparticipantwithoutlittlesayinthefinalchoice.什么是patient-centercare(病人中心式照顾)ThePatientsarethedecisionmakerbasedontheinformationprovidedbythedoctor.为什么不可以全以医生为主或全以病人为主Doctorsareverymuchcautiousaboutcommittingsomekindofethicaltransgression（医生都非常谨慎以免犯下某种侵犯道德的罪名）Whenitcametomedicaldecisions,almostalltherespondentswantedtheirdoctorstoofferchoicesandconsidertheiropinions.我们应该怎么做Shoulderingresponsibilitytogetherwiththepatientmaybebetterthanhavingthepatientmakedecisionontheirownalone.Balancingbetweenpaternalismandrespectforpatient’sautonomyconstitutesalargepartofmedicalpractice.病人自主（见U7）抗生素U2/如果只需谈论抗生素问题，只要提及抗药与病毒的变异/(抗生素作为人类对抗疾病的一大创举，现在面临着耐药性且缺少创新的大问题)Meanidea:Althoughgreatprogresshasbeenmadeinthetreatmentandpreventionofdiseasesinthelastcentury,thereisnoreasonforcomplacency.Humanhealthisconstantlythreatenednotonlybyemergingdiseasesbutalsobyre-emergingonesoncethoughttohavebeencontrolledoreradicated.我们取得在对抗疾病上的巨大突破及抗生素的诞生“Thebookoninfectiousdisease”hasbeenwrittenWhatistheprimarypurposeofmedicaleducation?Forstudentstolearn,indepth,whatitmeanstobeaphysician:1)Upongraduation,theycanhaveanunderstandingofwhatitmeanstobeaphysicianwhenarebestowedwiththetitle,and2)theycanhavethepersonalqualitiesforaphysiciantobecapableofmeetingthepublic’sexpectationsofadoctor.Whymustaphysicianbeinquisitive（好问的）Agreatdealaboutmedicinethatisnotknown.Agreatdealthatindividualphysiciansdonotknowaboutwhatisknown.SUMaphysiciannotcaring,inquisitive,andcivicmindedmaybeahighlyskilledtechnicianinvolvedinthepracticeofmedicine,suchanindividualwillnottrulyreflecttheessenceofwhatitmeanstobeaphysici