宁波大学外国语学院244英语（二外）历年考研真题及详解

目录

2005年宁波大学218英语（二外）考研真题及详解（A卷）

2006年宁波大学218英语（二外）考研真题及详解（A卷）

2007年宁波大学218英语（二外）考研真题及详解（A卷）

2009年宁波大学218英语（二外）考研真题及详解（A卷）

2010年宁波大学244英语（二外）考研真题及详解（A卷）

2011年宁波大学244英语（二外）考研真题及详解（A卷）

2012年宁波大学244英语（二外）考研真题及详解（A卷）

2013年宁波大学244英语（二外）考研真题及详解（B卷）

2014年宁波大学244英语（二外）考研真题及详解（B卷）

2015年宁波大学244英语（二外）考研真题及详解（B卷）

2016年宁波大学244英语（二外）考研真题及详解（B卷）

2017年宁波大学244英语（二外）考研真题及详解（B卷）

2018年宁波大学244英语（二外）考研真题及详解（A卷）

2019年宁波大学244英语（二外）考研真题及详解（B卷）

2005年宁波大学218英语（二外）

考研真题及详解（A卷）

Ⅰ.MatchthewordsunderColumnAwiththedefinitionsunderColumnB.

(10%)

【答案与解析】

1.ecampaign竞选活动；战役

2.kconservation对自然环境的保护；保存

3.melite精华；精锐；精英

4.hfieldschool教学与科研实验基地

5.rnervousbreakdown精神崩溃

6.ppayroll工资单

7.cthebottomline底线；本质内容

8.qthanksto由于；幸亏

9.brefreshing提神的；使清爽的；使人重新振作的

10.spsychology心理状态；心理特点；心理影响

11.oeliminate排除；消除，除掉

12.ahabitat产地；（动物的）栖息地

13.jbeyondone’swildestdreams大大超过所望的；大大出乎意料的

14.fconsequence推论；结果；成果

15.lcollide碰撞；冲突；抵触

16.gcollaboration合作

17.tperspective透镜，望远镜；观点

18.din-service在职的，在职期间进行的，不脱产的

19.nunrealistic不现实的

20.iunethical不道德的

Ⅱ.Fillintheblankswithwordsgivenbelow.Changetheformwhere

necessary.(10%)

1.Localgovernmentsmusttakethe_____toregulatetheloansinorderto

preventanotherroundofinvestmentrobust.

2.Duringthepasttenmonths,thetax_____fromthesefirmsstoodat715.1

billionyuan(86billionUSdollars),up22.5percentyear-on-year.

3.ColdairforminginSiberiawillcomeandcoolthecapitalcitydown.Rain

andsleetremaina_____.

4.Deliberatebirthdateselectionwillproducesmall-scalebabyboom,_____

meanshighcompetitionineducation,jobmarket,socialwelfareandother

fieldsforthegeneration.

5._____itsenginedieddidIrealizewhathadmadethecarsospecial.

6.Iseefourkindsof_____workingoncollegestudentstoday:economic

pressure,parentalpressure,peerpressure,andself-inducedpressure.

7.Students’_____inteaching,socialserviceandotheraltruisticfieldsisata

low,whileenrollmentinbusinessprograms,engineeringandcomputer

scienceiswayup.

8.Frankly,I’mproudoftheyoungwoman—notofherattitude,butofher

_____.

9.Whensomeonehasusedacomputertowriteworkthatissuperiorto

Dante’s,andwhenthis_____isproventobeduetotheuseofacomputer,

thenIwillspeakofcomputerswithamorerespectfultoneofvoice.

10.TheAmericanhabitofconductingbusinessatbreakfasthasreached

Europe,butIdoubtitwilleverreally_____.

11.HavingtastedofthewineofKnowledge,Icouldnotnowaltermy_____.

12.Arecent_____isthenationwideinterestingoodhealth,butmanyfads

comefromthistrend:specialdiets,importedwater,andthelike.

13.Itiswell-acceptedthatmenandwomenshouldbeequally_____for

bringingupchildren.

14.Therearenosimple_____totheproblemofoverpopulation.

15.Icarryyourideafurther,oransweryourquestionsorobjections,or_____

orquestionyou.

16.TheChinesegovernmenthasattachedgreat_____totradecooperation

withCuba.

17.Withthenewyearfast_____,manyworkersmightalsobethinkingabout

afreshstart.

18.Wehopetheywillfeelmoreatease_____workingoverseas.

19.Morethan7billionUSdollarsworthofinsurancefundswillbeallowed

toinvest_____intothestockmarket.

20.Inorderto_____theseproblems,itiscrucialtocontinueimplementing

themacroeconomiccontrolpolicies.

【答案与解析】

1.initiatives

（句意：为了阻止另一轮强劲投资出现，当地政府主动采取措施管控贷

款。taketheinitiativestodosth....主动采取措施做……。）

2.collection

（该句大意为“这些银行的赋税已达7151亿元”。taxcollection征税，赋

税。）

3.superiority

（句意：西伯利亚冷空气即将来袭，以雨夹雪为主。故此处填

superiority。）

4.which

（逗号前为完整的句子，逗号后面有谓语宾语，因此这里是非限定定语

从句，缺少关系代词作主语。故该空填which。）

5.Notuntil

（该句有倒装成分，后面能接倒装是notuntil。）

6.pressures

（后面提到四种压力，因此用复数形式pressures。）

7.interest

（句意：学生对教书、社会服务和其他利于他人专业的兴趣降到了一个

很低的水平。故此处填interest。）

8.success

（句意：我为年轻女性感到自豪，不为她的态度，而为她的成功。可知

该空是一个名词。故此处填success。）

9.possibly

（分析原句成分可知该空应为副词，后文表示一种可能要是可以证实是

使用电脑的缘故，我就会用更加礼貌的语气来谈电脑，故此处填

possibly。）

10.catchon

（catchon流行起来。句意：美国人边吃早餐边做生意的习惯已经传到欧

洲，我怀疑它是否真的能流行起来。）

11.course

（句意：已经品尝过知识的美酒，已经无法改变我前进的方向了。course

道路；航向。故该空填course。）

12.trend

（后面提到许多潮流都是来自这个趋势，因此前文的空应为trend，前后

呼应。）

13.responsible

（大家普遍接受，男人和女人对抚养孩子具有一样的责任。be

responsiblefor对……负责。）

14.solutions

（句意：对于人口过剩问题，没有简单的解决办法。可知，该空填名词

复数形式solutions。）

15.challenge

（从后文“questionyou”，可知该空应与question并列。故此处填

challenge。）

16.importance

（attachgreatimportanceto...对……看重。）

17.approaching

（句意：随着新年脚步快速临近，许多员工希望有一个新的开始。此处

为“with+名词/代词+-ing分词”句式作伴随状语，该空填approaching。）

18.when

（句意：我们希望他们在国外工作的时候，能更加轻松。可知这里缺少

时间状语。故填when。）

19.directly

（句意：价值超过七十亿美元的保险基金将直接投资到股票市场。故该

空填directly。）

20.tackle

（根据后文的problems可知，此处指需要解决一些问题。故填tackle。）

Ⅲ.Ineachitem,chooseonewordorphrasethatbestkeepsthemeaningof

thesentenceifitissubstitutedfortheboldfacedwordorphrase.(10%)

1.ThefarmministersfromEuropeancountriesscheduledanemergency

meetinginLuxemburginhopesofeasingtheworldwide“madcow”panic.

A.shock

B.fear

C.confusion

D.disaster

【答案】B

【解析】句意：欧洲国家农业部长们在卢森堡召开紧急会议，希望能缓

解全球疯牛病引起的恐慌。panic恐慌，惊慌。fear害怕，恐惧。两者意

义最接近。shock震惊。confusion疑惑。disaster灾难。因此本题最佳选

项为B。

2.Speechesanddiscussionsconcentrateonthepresentsituationofthe

broadcastmediaanditstrendofdevelopment.

A.developalong

B.goaround

C.focuson

D.holdon

【答案】C

【解析】句意：演讲和讨论内容主要关注于目前广播媒体现状及其发展

情况。concentrateon集中精力于；关注。focuson集中精力于；关注。

两者意义相近且用法相同。developalong随着……发展。goaround四处

走动；（消息）流传。holdon等一下；继续。因此本题答案选C。

3.Thetwo-dayeventwillalsohighlighteconomicandtechnologicalties,

globalsecurityandthefightagainstterrorismandcorruption.

A.indicate

B.show

C.layemphasison

D.concern

【答案】C

【解析】句意：为期两天的活动也将着重关注于经济与科技的纽带关

系、全球安全性问题以及反恐反腐败问题。highlight强调，注重。lay

emphasison强调，注重。indicate表明。show展现出。concern涉及。因

此本题最佳选项为C。

4.Thetwoleadersreachedextensiveconsensusonfurtherstrengtheningties

betweenChinaandIndonesia.

A.identity

B.aspects

C.discussion

D.agreement

【答案】D

【解析】句意：双方领导人就中印双方进一步合作发展达成一致。reach

consensuson就……达成共识。reachagreementon就……达成一致。其余

不能直接搭配。因此本题正确答案选D。

5.Earlier,thegroupsubmittedanannualrecommendationreportonregional

cooperationtotheleaders.

A.produced

B.presented

C.addressed

D.delivered

【答案】D

【解析】句意：早前，小组将关于区域合作的年度推荐报告交给领导

了。submit呈递。deliver提交，交付。present呈报。produce产生。因

此，本题正确选项选D。

6.ThroughthenewprogramjointlysponsoredbytheChineseMinistryof

FinanceandtheWorldBank,Chinawillhostseveraltrainingprojects,hold

forumsandsponsorresearchprojects.

A.hosted

B.signed

C.held

D.funded

【答案】D

【解析】句意：通过中国财政部和世界银行联合赞助的新项目，中国将

负责几项培训项目，主持论坛活动以及赞助研究项目等。sponsor赞助。

fund资助。host主持。sign签订。因此，本题最佳选项为D。

7.ChinaandtheASEANwillcontinuetoprioritizethemajorareas,namely

agriculture,informationtechnology,andhumanresourcedevelopment.

A.highlight

B.project

C.enforce

D.survey

【答案】A。

【解析】句意：中国和东盟将继续优先发展农业、信息技术和人力资源

等重要领域。prioritize优先于。highlight着重于。project设计；计划。

enforce执行。survey调查。因此，本题最佳选项为A。

8.ChinahasreactedangrilytoaUSmovetoincreasetradebarriersonits

textileproducts.

A.quotas

B.blocks

C.balance

D.surplus

【答案】B

【解析】句意：中国对美国增加纺织品贸易壁垒的举动表示不满。trade

barrier贸易壁垒。tradeblock贸易禁令。tradequota贸易配额。trade

balance贸易平衡。tradesurplus贸易顺差。因此本题最佳选项为B。

9.Theindependence,sovereignty,nationalunityandterritorialintegrityof

thecountryshouldbeobserved.

A.watched

B.adheredto

C.considered

D.celebrated

【答案】B

【解析】句意：必须遵守国家独立，国家主权统一，领土完整的规定。

observe遵守。adhereto坚持；遵守。watch监控。consider考虑。celebrate

庆祝。因此，本题最佳选项为B。

10.Moregraduatesshifttheirattentionfromsalarytotheprospectoftheir

career.

A.promise

B.multitude

C.opportunities

D.possibility

【答案】D

【解析】句意：更多毕业生将注意力从薪资转向就业前景上。prospect前

景。possibility未来可能发生的事。promise承诺；希望。multitude多

数；群众。opportunity机会。因此本题最佳选项为D。

11.Ournextstepistoprovidemoretrainingprogramstopotentialoverseas

workers,includingforeignlanguagestraining,workingskillstrainingand

legalassistance.

A.conceivable

B.likely

C.capable

D.possible

【答案】D

【解析】句意：下一步就是给有潜力的海外工作人员提供更多的外语培

训项目，工作技能培训项目以及法律资助。potential潜在的；可能的。

possible能胜任的；合适的；可能的。conceivable可想得到的。likely合

适的；可能的。capable有能力的。因此，本题最佳选项为D。

12.Hecalledforthecontinued,sounddevelopmentofbilateralcooperation

invariousareas,includingeconomyandtrade,finance,andscienceand

technology.

A.overall

B.long-term

C.all-round

D.healthy

【答案】D

【解析】句意：他要求在经济贸易，金融以及科技等不同领域进行持续

健康的合作发展。sound健康的；合理的。healthy健康的。overall全部

的。long-term长期的。all-round全方面的。因此，本题正确选项为D。

13.Therelatedauthoritiesmustappropriatelyhandletheremainingproblems,

findoutthecausesoftheaccidentandpreventfurtheroccurrenceofsimilar

accidents.

A.resolve

B.dealwith

C.answer

D.evade

【答案】B

【解析】句意：相关政府必须适当的解决剩下的问题，找到意外发生的

原因以及进一步阻止类似事故发生。handle解决；处理。dealwith处

理。resolve决心；解决。answer回答。因此本题选B。

14.Seniorofficialshavemadenosubstantivechangestoaplannedstatement

toendorsetheUNtimetableforelectionsinIraq.

A.material

B.obvious

C.considerate

D.considerable

【答案】D

【解析】句意：高级官员对核实伊拉克选句的联合国时间表的计划声明

没有做出重大改变。substantive实质性的。considerable相当大的；重要

的。material重要的；物质的。obvious明显的。considerate体贴的；体谅

的。因此，本题正确答案选D。

15.Asolutiontothecrisiswillonlybepossibleifcompromisesaremade,

notonlybetweentherivalpartieswithinUkraine,butalsoamongthe

conflictingviewsintherestoftheworld.

A.concessions

B.giveaway

C.promises

D.guarantee

【答案】A

【解析】句意：如果乌克兰双方敌对党派做出妥协，以及其他国家互相

冲突的观点做出折衷，那就有可能解决危机问题。compromise让步，妥

协，折衷。concession让步。giveaway泄露。promise许诺，允诺。

guarantee保证。因此，本题正确答案选A。

16.Asrequired,theenterprisesshouldreportthestatusoftheholding

company’sprogresswiththeassetdisposalandmajorproblemstheyface.

A.place

B.course

C.state

D.achievement

【答案】C

【解析】句意：按照规定，企业应当报告控股公司资产处置进展情况以

及企业面临的主要问题。status状态；情形。place地方。course课程；进

程。state国家；情形。achievement成就；完成。因此，本题最佳选项为

C。

17.Tocopewithcripplingenergyshortage,Chinalaunchedacomprehensive

energysavingplanTuesday,effectivefromnowto2020.

A.staged

B.accepted

C.sent

D.mappedout

【答案】D

【解析】句意：为解决能源减少问题，中国在周二发布了一项全面的能

源节约计划，有效期至2020年。launch发起，发动。mapout筹划。stage

举行；筹划。accept接受。sent送，寄出。因此，本题最佳选项为D。

18.Duringthenextthreedays,thetemperatureisexpectedtodrop4to6

degreesConaveragewithmoderatewinds.

A.strong

B.violent

C.warm

D.mild

【答案】D

【解析】句意：未来三天，气温将平均下降四至六度，并伴有温和微

风。moderate温和的。mild温和的。两者词意相近。strong强烈的。

violent猛烈的。warm温暖的。因此，本题正确选项为D。

19.Exceptmanyclimatologistsandgreengroupsfeartheywillcometrue

unlessthereisaconcertedglobalefforttoreiningreenhousegasemissions.

A.charge

B.discharge

C.waste

D.increase

【答案】B

【解析】句意：很多气候学家和绿色组织担心这一切会变成现实，除非

全球的人们能够达成共识，协力控制温室气体的排放。emission排放。

discharge排放。charge费用；电荷。waste消耗，浪费。increase增加。因

此，本题正确答案选B。

20.Asoneofthefastestgrowingandmostintriguingtourismdestinationsin

theworld,Chinaisbecomingamagnetfortravel-relatedbusinesses.

A.adestination

B.atourist

C.anattraction

D.ascenicspot

【答案】C

【解析】句意：作为世界上发展最快最吸引人的旅游业之一的国家，中

国将成为吸引旅游相关行业的磁石。magnet磁石。attraction吸引人的

（人或事）。destination目的地。tourist旅行者。scenicspot景点。因

此，本题答案选C。

Ⅳ.ReadingComprehension(40%)

Directions:Thereare4passagesinthispart.Eachpassageisfollowedby

somequestionsorunfinishedstatements.Foreachofthemtherearefour

choicesmarkedA.,B.,C.andD.Youshoulddecideonthebestchoiceand

writeitontheAnswerSheet.

Questions1to5arebasedonthefollowingpassage:

Americansareproudoftheirvarietyandindividuality,yettheyloveand

respectfewthingsmorethanauniform,whetheritistheuniformofan

elevatoroperatorortheuniformofafive-stargeneral.Whyareuniformsso

popularintheUnitedStates?

Amongtheargumentsforuniforms,oneofthefirstisthatintheeyesofmost

peopletheylookmoreprofessionalthancivilian（百姓的）clothes.People

havebecomeconditionedtoexpectsuperiorqualityfromamanwhowearsa

uniform.Thetelevisionrepairmanwhowearsuniformtendstoinspiremore

trustthanonewhoappearsincivilianclothes.Faithintheskillofagarage

mechanicisincreasedbyauniform.Whateasierwayisthereforanurse,a

policeman,abarber,orawaitertoloseprofessionalidentity（身份）thanto

stepoutofuniform?

Uniformsalsohavemanypracticalbenefits.Theysaveonotherclothes.They

saveonlaundrybills.Theyaretax-deductible（可减税的）.Theyareoften

morecomfortableandmoredurablethancivilianclothes.

Primaryamongtheargumentsagainstuniformsistheirlackofvarietyand

theconsequentlossofindividualityexperiencedbypeoplewhomustwear

them.Thoughtherearemanytypesofuniforms,thewearerofanyparticular

typeisgenerallystuckwithit,withoutchange,untilretirement.Whenpeople

lookalike,theytendtothink,speak,andactsimilarly,onthejobatleast.

Uniformsalsogiverisetosomepracticalproblems.Thoughtheyarelong-

lasting,oftentheirinitialexpenseisgreaterthanthecostofcivilianclothes.

Someuniformsarealsoexpensivetomaintain,requiringprofessionaldry

cleaningratherthanthehomelaunderingpossiblewithmanytypesofcivilian

clothes.

1.ItissurprisingthatAmericanswhoworshipvarietyandindividuality

_____.

A.stilljudgeamanbyhisclothes

B.holdtheuniforminsuchhighregard

C.enjoyhavingaprofessionalidentity

D.willrespectanelevatoroperatorasmuchasageneralinuniform

2.Peopleareaccustomedtothinkthatamaninuniform_____.

A.suggestsqualitywork

B.discardshissocialidentity

C.appearstobemorepractical

D.lookssuperiortoapersonincivilianclothes

3.Thechieffunctionofauniformisto_____.

A.providepracticalbenefitstothewearer

B.makethewearercatchthepubliceye

C.inspirethewearer’sconfidenceinhimself

D.providethewearerwithaprofessionalidentity

4.Accordingtothepassage,peoplewearinguniforms_____.

A.areusuallyhelpful

B.havelittleornoindividualfreedom

C.tendtolosetheirindividuality

D.enjoygreaterpopularity

5.Thebesttitleforthispassagewouldbe_____.

A.UniformsandSociety

B.TheImportanceofWearingaUniform

C.PracticalBenefitsofWearingaUniform

D.AdvantagesandDisadvantagesofUniforms

【答案与解析】

1.B根据文章第一段可知，美国人以其多样性以及个性为傲，但对统一

制服却有着爱意和尊重。因此，本题正确答案选B。

2.A结合第二段第一、二句话“...lookmoreprofessionalthancivilian

clothes”“expectsuperiorquality”可知，穿制服的人看起来更专业，一般

认为穿制服的人都从事高质量行业。因此，正确答案选A。

3.D根据第二段最后一句话可知不同行业的制服可以表明自己的身份。

4.C根据文章第四段第一句话可知，有些人觉得穿制服缺乏多样性，会

丧失个性。故本题正确答案选C。

5.D分析全文可知，第二段主要讲制服的优点，第四、五段主要讲缺

点。因此本题正确选项为D，制服的优缺点。

Questions6to10arebasedonthefollowingpassage:

Brazilhasbecomeoneofthedevelopingworld’sgreatsuccessesatreducing

populationgrowth—butmorebyaccidentthandesign.Whilecountriessuch

asIndiahavemadejointeffortstoreducebirthrates,Brazilhashadbetter

resultwithoutreallytrying,saysGeorgeMartineatHarvard.

Brazil’spopulationgrowthratehasdroppedfrom2.99%ayearbetween1951

and1960to1.93%ayearbetween1981and1990,andBrazilianwomennow

haveonly2.7childrenonaverage.Martinesaysthisfiguremayhavefallen

stillfurthersince1990,anachievementthatmakesittheenvyofmanyother

ThirdWorldcountries.

Martineputsitdownto,amongotherthings,soapoperas（肥皂剧）and

installment（分期付款）plansintroducedinthe1970s.Bothplayedan

important,althoughindirect,roleinloweringthebirthrate.Brazilisoneof

theworld’sbiggestproducersofsoapoperas.Globo,Brazil’smostpopular

televisionnetwork,showsthreehoursofsoapssixnightsaweek,whilethree

othersshowatleastonehouranight.Mostsoapsarebasedonwealthy

characterslivingthehighlifeinbigcities.

“Althoughtheyhaveneverreallytriedtoworkinamessagetowardsthe

problemsofreproduction,theydescribemiddleandupperclassvalues—not

manychildren,womenworking,”saysMartine.“Theysentthisimagetoall

partsofBrazilandmadepeopleconsciousofotherpatternsofbehaviorand

othervalues,whichwereputintoaveryattractivepackage.”

Meanwhile,theinstallmentplanstriedtoencouragethepoortobecome

consumers.“Thisledtoanenormouschangeinconsumptionpatternsand

consumptionwasincompatible（不相容的）withunlimitedreproduction,”

saysMartine.

6.Accordingtothepassage,Brazilhaslowereditspopulationgrowth_____.

A.byeducatingitscitizens

B.bycarefulfamilyplanning

C.bydevelopingTVprogrammes

D.bychance

7.Accordingtothepassage,manyThirdWorldcountries_____.

A.haven’tattachedmuchattentiontobirthcontrol

B.wouldsoonjoinBrazilincontrollingtheirbirthrate

C.haven’tyetfoundaneffectivemeasuretocontroltheirpopulation

D.neglectedtheroleofTVplaysinfamilyplanning

8.Thephrase“putsitdownto”(Para.3)isclosestinmeaningto“_____”.

A.attributesitto

B.findsitareasonfor

C.sumsitupas

D.comparesitto

9.SoapoperashavehelpedinloweringBrazil’sbirthratebecause_____.

A.theykeeppeoplesittinglonghourswatchingTV

B.theyhavegraduallychangedpeople’swayoflife

C.peoplearedrawntotheirattractivepackage

D.theypopularizebirthcontrolmeasures

10.WhatisMartine’sconclusionaboutBrazil’spopulationgrowth?

A.Theincreaseinbirthratewillincreaseconsumption.

B.Thedesireforconsumptionhelpstoreducebirthrate.

C.Consumptionpatternsandreproductionpatternsarecontradictory

D.Acountry’sproductionislimitedbyitspopulationgrowth.

【答案与解析】

6.D根据文章第一段第一句后半部分“byaccident”可知，巴西成功减缓

人口增长速度只是意外。因此，本题正确选项选D。

7.C根据第二段最后一句“anachievementthatmakesittheenvyofmany

otherThirdWorldcountries.”暗示，这些国家做的都不如巴西成功。故答

案选C。

8.A由第三段上下文确定“putitdownto”中的“it”是指巴西成功减缓人口

增加的事实，句中“to”后接的是导致这一事实的两大原因，前后显然构

成一种因果关系，故答案选A。

9.C根据倒数第二段的最后一句话“thisimage...wereputintoavery

attractivepackage.”可知，这些形象送往巴西各处，进行很吸引人的包

装，因此本题正确答案选C。

10.B根据第三段首句，Martin给巴西的人口增长的缓慢总结了两条：肥

皂剧与分期付款计划。分期付款计划就是指人们的消费欲望。

Questions11to15arebasedonthefollowingpassage:

Solongasteachersfailtodistinguishbetweenteachingandlearning,they

willcontinuetoundertaketodoforchildrenthatwhichonlychildrencando

forthemselves.Teachingchildrentoreadisnotpassingreadingontothem.It

iscertainlynotendlesshoursspentinactivitiesaboutreading.Douglasinsists

that“readingcannotbetaughtdirectlyandschoolsshouldstoptryingtodo

theimpossible.”

Teachingandlearningaretwoentirelydifferentprocesses.Theydifferin

kindandfunction.Thefunctionofteachingistocreatetheconditionsandthe

climatethatwillmakeitpossibleforchildrentodevisethemostefficient

systemforteachingthemselvestoread.Teachingisalsoapublicactivity:It

canbeseenandobserved.

Learningtoreadinvolvesallthateachindividualdoestomakesenseofthe

worldofprintedlanguage.Almostallofitisprivate,forlearningisan

occupationofthemind,andthatprocessisnotopentopublicscrutiny.

Ifteacherandlearnerrolesarenotinterchangeable,whatthencanbedone

throughteachingthatwillaidthechildinthequest（探索）forknowledge?

Smithhasoneprincipalruleforallteachinginstructions.“Makelearningto

readeasy,whichmeansmakingreadingameaningful,enjoyableandfrequent

experienceforchildren.”

Whentherolesofteacherandlearnerareseenforwhattheyare,andwhen

bothteacherandlearnerfulfillthemappropriately,thenmuchofthepressure

andfeelingoffailureforbothiseliminated.Learningtoreadismadeeasier

whenteacherscreateanenvironmentwherechildrenaregiventhe

opportunitytosolvetheproblemoflearningtoreadbylearning.

11.Theproblemwiththereadingcourseasmentionedinthefirstparagraph

isthat_____.

A.toomuchtimeisspentinteachingaboutreading

B.readingtasksaregivenwithlittleguidance

C.itisoneofthemostdifficultschoolcourses

D.studentsspendlimitedhoursinreading

12.Theteachingofreadingwillbesuccessfulif_____.

A.teacherscanmaketheirteachingactivitiesobservable

B.teacherscandevisethemostefficientsystemforreading

C.teacherscanimproveconditionsatschoolforthestudents

D.teacherscanenablestudentstodeveloptheirownwayofreading

13.Theword“scrutiny”(Para.3)mostprobablymeans“_____”.

A.suspicion

B.control

C.observation

D.inquiry

14.Accordingtothepassage,learningtoreadwillnolongerbeadifficult

taskwhen_____.

A.teachinghelpschildreninthesearchforknowledge

B.teacherandlearnerrolesareinterchangeable

C.readingenricheschildren’experience

D.childrenbecomehighlymotivated

15.Themainideaofthepassageisthat_____.

A.readingismorecomplicatedthangenerallybelievable

B.readingabilityissomethinggainedratherthantaught

C.teachersshouldencouragestudentstoreadaswidelyaspossible

D.teachersshoulddoaslittleaspossibleinhelpingstudentslearntoread

【答案与解析】

11.A根据第一段倒数第二句“Itiscertainlynotendlesshoursspentin

activitiesaboutreading.”可知，花在阅读上的时间太长了。故答案选A。

12.D根据第三段可知，学习阅读是很个人的事情，让每个人都能了解

文字，其过程也不会公开。因此阅读需要养成自己的阅读习惯。故答案

选D。

13.C根据第三段第二句前文说道阅读是件私事，可推测后文说阅读过

程是不对外公开的。observation观察；监视。suspicion怀疑。control控

制。inquiry探究；调查。scrutiny监视。故本题答案选C。

14.D根据倒数第二段最后一句话和最后一段最后一句“Makelearningto

readeasy,whichmeansmakingreadingameaningful,enjoyableandfrequent

experienceforchildren.”可知，要想学习阅读的方法变简单，就要孩子经

常阅读，自主阅读，体验乐趣，调动积极性。故答案选D。

15.B结合全文以及最后一段最后一句可知，阅读能力并不是教出来

的，每个人都有不同的阅读习惯，而老师需要创造环境让孩子自己去阅

读解决问题。故答案选B。

Questions16to20arebasedonthefollowingpassage:

Inthe1950s,thepioneersofartificialintelligence(AI)predictedthat,bythe

endofthiscentury,computerswouldbeconversingwithusatworkand

robotswouldbeperformingourhousework.Butasusefulascomputersare,

they’renowhereclosetoachievinganythingremotelyresemblingtheseearly

aspirationsforhumanlikebehavior.Nevermindsomethingascomplexas

conversation:themostpowerfulcomputersstruggletoreliablyrecognizethe

shapeofanobject,themostelementaryoftasksforaten-month-oldkid.

AgrowinggroupofAIresearchersthinktheyknowwherethefieldwent

wrong.Theproblem,thescientistssay,isthatAIhasbeentryingtoseparate

thehighest,mostabstractlevelsofthought,likelanguageandmathematics,

andtoduplicatethemwithlogical,step-by-stepprograms.Anewmovement

inAI,ontheotherhand,takesacloserlookatthemoreroundaboutwayin

whichnaturecameupwithintelligence.Manyoftheseresearchersstudy

evolutionandnaturaladaptationinsteadofformallogicandconventional

computerprograms.Ratherthandigitalcomputersandtransistors,somewant

toworkwithbraincellsproteins.Theresultsoftheseearlyeffortsareas

promisingastheyarepeculiar,andthenewnature-basedAImovementis

slowlybutsurelymovingtotheforefrontofthefield.

Imitatingthebrain’sneural（神经的）networkisahugestepintheright

direction,sayscomputerscientistandbiophysicistMichaelConrad,butitstill

missesanimportantaspectofnaturalintelligence.“Peopletendtotreatthe

brainasifitweremadeupofcolor-codedtransistors”,heexplains,“butit’s

notsimplyaclevernetworkofswitches.Therearelotsofimportantthings

goingoninsidethebraincellsthemselves.”Specifically,Conradbelievesthat

manyofthebrain’scapabilitiesstemfromthepatternrecognitionproficiency

oftheindividualmoleculesthatmakeupeachbraincell.Thebestwayto

buildandartificiallyintelligentdevice,heclaims,wouldbetobuilditaround

thesamesortofmolecularskills.

Rightnow,theoptionthatconventionalcomputersandsoftwareare

fundamentallyincapableofmatchingtheprocessesthattakeplaceinthe

brainremainscontroversial.Butifitprovestrue,thentheeffortsofConrad

andhisfellowAIrebelscouldturnouttobetheonlygameintown.

16.Theauthorsaysthatthepowerfulcomputersoftoday_____.

A.arecapableofreliablyrecognizingofanobject

B.areclosetoexhibitinghumanlikebehavior

C.arenotverydifferentintheirperformancefromthoseofthe50’s

D.stillcannotcommunicatewithpeopleinahumanlanguage

17.Thenewtrendinartificialintelligenceresearchstemsfrom_____.

A.theshiftofthefocusofstudyontotherecognitionoftheshapesofobjects

B.thebeliefthathumanintelligencecannotbeduplicatedwithlogical,step-

by-stepprograms

C.theaspirationsofscientiststoduplicatetheintelligenceofaten-month-old

child

D.theeffortsmadebyscientistsinthestudyofthesimilaritiesbetween

transistorsandbraincells

18.ConradandhisgroupofAIresearchershavebeenmakingenormous

effortsto_____.

A.findaroundaboutwaytodesignpowerfulcomputers

B.buildacomputerusingaclevernetworkofswitches

C.findouthowintelligencedevelopedinnature

D.separatethehighestandmostabstractlevelsofthought

19.What’stheauthorsopinionaboutthenewAImovement?

A.ithascreatedasensationamongartificialintelligenceresearchersbutwill

soondieout.

B.It’sabreakthroughinduplicatinghumanthoughtprocesses.

C.It’smorelikeapeculiargameratherthanarealscientificeffort.

D.Itmayprovetobeintherightdirectionthoughnobodyissureofitsfuture

prospects.

20.Whichofthefollowingisclosestinmeaningtothephrase“theonlygame

intown”(Para.4)?

A.Theonlyapproachtobuildinganartificiallyintelligentcomputer.

B.Theonlywayforthemtowinaprizeinartificialintelligenceresearch.

C.Theonlyareaworthstudyingincomputerscience.

D.Theonlygametheywouldliketoplayintown.

【答案与解析】

16.D根据第一段第二、三句“Nevermindsomethingascomplexas

conversation:themostpowerfulcomputersstruggletoreliablyrecognizethe

shapeofanobject…”可知，当今最强大的计算机还在努力学习物体识

别，更别说和人交谈这样复杂的事情了。故本题答案选D。

17.B根据第二段第二句“AIhasbeentryingtoseparate…duplicatethem

withlogical,step-by-stepprograms.”可知，问题是人工智能试图分离诸如

语言、数学这类最高最抽象的思维层次，试图利用逻辑程序一步步对其

进行复制。后文又提到人工智能的新动向密切注意研究人工智能与自然

之间那种迂回曲折的关系。故该题答案选B。

18.C根据题意确定答案在第三段，根据Conrad对自己研究的评述

（says），研究中的发现（examples），假设（believe）与断言

（claim），可归纳推断他们是在智能如何发展这一方面的研究中做了

巨大的努力。

19.B第二段的最后一句“...heresultsoftheseearlyeffortsareaspromising

astheyarepeculiar...thenewnature-basedAImovementisslowlybutsurely

movingtotheforefrontofthefield.”可知，作者认为早期所作的努力是有

希望的，并能成为尖端领域。故本题答案选B。

20.A阅读中词语的理解也不能脱离短文主题，game一词有“游戏、竞赛

方法规则、策略、计谋”等多种释义，D是短语的简单改写，不可能作为

答案，B重点在获奖也与短文内容相距甚远，也应排除。容易混淆的是

选项C，只是C侧重研究领域，即范围，而本文主要讨论研究方法即途

径。故本题答案选A。

Ⅴ.ClozeTest(10%)

Directions:Readthewholepassageandchoosethe