高中英语时态总结

英语时态一般时态：时态名称结构常连用的词基本用法一般现在时1.be动词用am/is/are，后接n./a./prep.often;usually;every…;sometimes;always;never;seldom;once/twice/…aweek/month/year;onSundays/Mondays/….;1)表示现在存在的习惯，经常发生的动作或存在的状态。Hetakesawalkaftersuppereveryday.Thechildrengotoschoolatseveneverymorning.2)表示主语的特征、性格、能力等。Thechildrendrawwell.Doesshelikesports?3)表示客观事实或普遍真理。Thesunrisesintheeast.Twoplustwomakesfour.Knowledgeispower.4）在时间、条件状语从句中表示将来的动作。Whentheyleaveschool,theywillgotoworkinTibet.IfYouseehim，willyoutellhimtoringme?We'llvisitthecottonmillifitisfinetomorrow.5）表示安排或计划好的将来的动作(一般只限于某些表示移动的动词，如go，come，arrive,leave，begin,start等)，这种安排很固定，不易改变。Thetrainstartsatteno'clockinthemorning.Thefilmbeginsinaminute.WhendoestheJapaneseYouthdelegationleaveforXi’an?2.行为动词用v.或v.-s、-es.一般过去时1．be动词用过去式was或were表示。yesterday;thedaybeforeyesterday;lastweek/month/year/….;…ago;amomentago;justnow;on/in+过去的时间;1)表示过去的动作或状态WehadagoodswimlastSunday.Shesuddenlyfellillyesterday.2)叙述过去连续发生的一件件事。Hegotupearlyinthemorning，fetchedwater，swepttheyardandthenwentouttowork.3)表示过去一段时间内经常或反复发生的动作。Whenmybrotherwasateenager，heplayedtabletennisalmosteveryday.Itusedtobedifficulttogetdrinkingwaterhere.其他用法：(1)在宾语从句中，由于时态呼应的关系，可用一般过去时表示现在：Ididn’tknowyouwerehere.我不知道你在这儿。(were实际上指现在)Ididn’tknowyouweresobusy．我没想到你这么忙。(were实际上指现在)(2)表示客气委婉的现在：Iwonderedifyouwerefreethisevening.不知您今晚是否有空。Ithoughtyoumightlikesomeflowers.我想您也许想要些花。【注】能这样有的动词主要限于want,wonder,think,hope,intend等少数动词。(3)用于某些特殊结构中:It’stimewestarted.我们该动身了。IwishIknewhisname.要是我知道他的名字就好了。I’dratheryoulivedclosertous.我希望你能住得离我们近点。【注】该用法主要用于it’s(high)time,Iwish,I’drather,ifonly,asif,asthough等少数结构后接从句的情形。(4)表主观想法的虚拟条件句也用一般过去时表示现在：IfIhadthemoneynowI’dbuyacar.假若我现在有钱，我就买辆小汽车。(5)当主句中的谓语动词是现在完成时，since引导的从句用一般过去时。IhavelivedinthehousesinceIcametothecity.GreatchangeshavetakenplacesinceIvisitedthecity.2.行为动词用V-ed。特别注意：1.Thisis(Itis)thefirst/secondtimethat…句型中，常用现在完成时。但在“Itwasthesecondtimethat…”中，也能用过去完成时。ThisisthesecondtimethatIhaveseenthefilm.ThatwasthethirdtimethatIhadvisitedtheplace.2.Itis(hasbeen)…since句型中，主句常用现在完成时，从句用一般现在时。Itis（hasbeen）threeyearssinceIbegantoworkonthestatefarm.3.在完成时中，一个瞬间性动词不能和表示一段时间的状语（for,since,howlong等）连用，此时必须将该瞬间动词改为延续性动词或状态动词。buyhaveborrowkeepcatch/getacoldhaveacoldcome/arrive/reach/gettobebecomebegobeputonwearjoinbeingotoschoolbeastudentdiebedeadbegin/startbeonleavebea

ayfallasleepbeasleepopenbeopenclose/shutbeclosedendbeovermarrybemarriedHehascomebackforthreeweeks.(×)Hehasbeenbackforthreeweeks.(√)Thewriterhasdiedfortwoyears.(×)Thewriterhasbeendeadfortwoyears.(√)Hehasleftfor6days.(×)Hehasbeenawayfor6days.(√)过去完成时had+p.p（过去分词）过去的过去：by+过去的时间；表“过去某动作或时间以前”的时间状语。1)过去完成时表示在过去某一时间或动作以前业已完成的动作。Bytheendoflastweekwehadlearnedtenlessons.Intheexhibitionhesawmanyoilpaintingsthathehadneverseenbefore.2)表示由过去某一时间开始，一直延续到过去另一时间的动作。Itrainedyesterdayafterithadbeendryformanymonths.Hesaidthatgreatchangeshadtakenplaceinhishometownsince1980.3)常用语nosooner…than…和hardly(scarcely)…when…句型的主句中，从句用一般过去时。（倒装）Nosoonerhadhereachedhomethanitbegantorain.他一到家，就开始下雨了。Hehadhardlygotonthetrainwhenthetrainstartedout.他刚上火车，火车就开了。4)在wouldrather,wouldprefer等后面的从句中，如果表示过去的动作或情况，用过去完成时。I’dratheryouhadbeenhereyesterday.要是你昨晚在这就好了。将来完成时will/shallhave+p.pby+将来时间bythetime+将来时间表示在将来某一时间以前已经完成的动作。Bytheendofthisweek，Ishallhavefinishedthebook.Thechildrenwillhavegonetosleepbythetimewegethome.Whenyoucometonightateighto'clock，Ishallhavewrittenmypaper.过去将来完成时should/wouldhave+p.p表示在过去的将来的某一时间以前已经完成的动作。Hesaidhewouldhavepaidbackthemoneybytheendoftheweek.Wetoldhimthatweshouldhavereturnedtothecampbyfouro'clock.IhopedshewouldhavefinishedtheworkbeforeIgotback.完成进行时时态名称结构主要用法现在完成进行时have/hasbeen+v-ing表示动作从过去某一时间开始一直延续到现在。现在这个动作可能已经终止，也可能仍然在进行着。Ihavebeenwaitingforyoufortwohours.Hehasbeenworkingonthepaperallday.--HowlonghaveyoubeenlearningEnglish?--IhavebeenlearningEnglishfortwoyears.注意：有些不能用现在进行时态的动词，如be，have，like，love，know，see，hear等，同样也不能用现在完成进行时，而只能用现在完成时。Shehasbeenillforalongtime.Ihavenotseenyouforages.过去完成进行时hadbeen+V-ing表示动作在过去某一时间之前开始并延续到过去这个时间，这一动作可能还在进行，也可能已经停止。Thebabyhadbeencryingforfifteenminuteswhenhermothercamein.Theteacherhadbeenteachingforfortyyearsbythetimeheretired.Itseemedtoherthattheboyshadbeenshoutingforalongtime.专项练习________aconcertnextSaturday?A.TherewillbeB.WilltherebeC.TherecanbeD.ThereareIt’sgoodtoseeyouagain,Agnes.—ThishasbeenourfirstchancetovisitsincefromIran.A.youreturnB.youreturnedC.youhavereturnedD.returningIfit________tomorrow,we’llgoroller-skating.A.isn’trainB.won’trainC.doesn’trainD.doesn’tfine4.ThereportersaidthattheUFO___easttowestwhenhesawit.A.wastravelingB.traveledC.hadbeentravelingD.wastotravel5.Sorry,Ican’topenthedoor,forIthekeytoit.A.lostB.loseC.hadlostD.havelost6.“What'sthematter,Ali?Youlooksad.”“Oh,nothingmuch.Asamatteroffact,I___ofmyfriendsbackhome.”A.justthoughtB.havejustbeenthinkingC.wasjustthinkingD.havejustthought7.—DidyouexpectFranktocometotheparty?—No,butIhadhoped.A.himcomingB.himtocomeC.thathecomesD.thathewouldcome8.—Bobmustbeverywealthy.—Yes,hemoreinonedaythanIdoinaweek.A.hasbeenearnedB.hadearnedC.earnsD.hasearned9.IfirstmetLisathreeyearsago.She___ataradioshopatthetime.A.hasworkedB.wasworkingC.hadbeenworkingD.hadworked10.She_____herkeysintheofficesoshehadtowaituntilherhusband____home.Ahasleft;comesBhadleft;wouldcomeChadleft;cameDleft;hadcome11.ZhaoLan______already______inthisschoolfortwoyears.A.was;studyingB.will;studyC.has;studiedD.are;studyingMrGordenaskedmetoremindyouofthemeetingthisafternoon.Don’tforgetit!OK.I______.A.won'tB.don'tC.willD.doWhenIreachedhome,myparents__________theirsupper.A.arehavingB.havealreadyhad C.havehadD.hadalreadyhadShe__________inthisschool________thepasttenyears.A.wasteaching,sinceB.hadbeenteaching,sinceC.wouldteach,forD.hasbeenteaching,forIfirstmetTom10yearsago.He______inaradiofactoryatthattime.A.hadworkedB.hasworkedC.wasworkingD.hasbeenworkingWhat______whenIphonedyou?I______mywork,andIwantedtogoout.A.haveyoudone;finished B.wereyoudoing;havefinishedC.didyoudo;hadjustfinished D.wereyoudoing;hadjustfinishedIusedtodrinkalotofteabutthesedaysI______coffee.A.preferB.preferredC.hadpreferredD.ampreferringJimtalkedforabouthalfanhouryesterday.Never______himtalksomuch.A.IheardB.didIhearC.IhadheardD.hadIheardHe___articlesforourwall-newspaperthesethreeyears,andhe____aboutfortyarticles.A.hasbeenwriting;haswrittenB.hadbeenwriting;wroteC.iswriting;hasbeenwritingD.haswritten;haswrittenWhenhewasalive,theoldscientistusedtosaythatknowledge______frompracticeandhegainedhisexperiencebydoingalotofpracticalwork.A.wascomingB.hadcomeC.comesD.wouldcomeHowareyouplanningtotraveltoShanghai?I______yet,butI______takingatrain.A.didn’tdecide;amconsideringB.haven’tdecided;considerC.haven’tdecided;amconsideringD.hadn’tdecided;haveconsideredWho’sthemanoverthere?It’sJack.Oh?______inItaly.A.Ithinkhe’sB.I’vethoughthe’sbeenC.IthoughthewasD.I’dthoughthe’dbeenIthoughtJimwouldsaysomethingabouthisschoolreport,buthe______it.A.doesn’tmentionB.hadn’tmentionedC.didn’tmentionD.hasn’tmentioned—Howlong________eachotherbeforethey________married?—Foraboutayear.A.havetheyknown;getB.didtheyknow;getC.dotheyknow;aregoingtogetD.hadtheyknown;gotWewouldliketogoandthankhimourselves，butwe