新视野大学英语（第四版）读写教程4（思政智慧版）课件 Unitr 4 Man and nature Section A

Unit4Manandnature读写教程4Earthprovidesenoughtosatisfyeveryman’sneeds,butnoteveryman’sgreed.—MahatmaGandhi(Indianpolitician)Preview新视野大学英语（第四版）读写教程4AstheChinesesayinggoes,“Allbeingsflourishwhentheyliveinharmonyandreceivenourishmentfromnature(万物各得其和以生，各得其养以成)”,

aharmoniousrelationshipbetweenmanandnatureiscrucialtomankind’ssustainabledevelopment.However,humanactivitieshavesofardrasticallyalteredthenaturalenvironmentonearth.Inmanyplacesoftheworld,theskyisfilledwithsmog,waterispolluted,andwildspeciesarebecomingextinct.Weallenjoythecomfortandconvenienceofmodernlife,butPreview新视野大学英语（第四版）读写教程4whenthereisaconflictbetweentheneedforincreasedproductionandtheonefornatureconservation,whatisthebestwaytobalancethetwotoensureboththewell-beingofhumanbeingsandthehealthofthenaturalenvironment?Howshouldwerepairthedamagebroughtbyindustrialcivilizationandfosteragreenwayofdevelopment?Oursuccessinbuildingaharmoniousrelationshipwiththenaturalworlddependsonourwillingnessanddeterminationtoaddresssuchissuesinasensibleandcoordinatedmanner.SectionAPre-readingactivitiesDetailedstudyofthetextReading

comprehensionLanguagefocusStructureanalysisandwriting新视野大学英语（第四版）读写教程41

Lookatthepicturesandanswerthefollowingquestions.新视野大学英语（第四版）读写教程4SectionAPre-readingactivitiesABDECF1Whatenvironmentalproblemdoeseachofthepicturesintendtoshow?Matchtheproblemswiththepictures._____(1)Speciesextinction_____(2)Garbagepollution_____(3)Deforestation_____(4)Waterpollution_____(5)Airpollution_____(6)Globalwarming新视野大学英语（第四版）读写教程4SectionAPre-readingactivitiesEFADBC2Whatotherenvironmentalproblemscanyouthinkofinadditiontotheonesshowninthepictures?Inadditiontotheonesshowninthepictures,otherenvironmentalproblemsIcanthinkofareozonedepletion,acidrain,erosion,lightandnoisepollution,anddesertification.新视野大学英语（第四版）读写教程4SectionAPre-readingactivities新视野大学英语（第四版）读写教程4SectionAPre-readingactivities2

Workinpairsanddiscussthefollowingquestions1Whatcanbethecausesofeachoftheenvironmentalproblemslistedabove?Theenvironmentalproblemslistedabovecanbecausedbyvariousreasons.Butgenerallyspeaking,theycanallbecausedbyhumanactivities.ADeforestationcanbecausedbyloggingfortimberandpaperproducts,aswellascuttingforeststoplantcrops,grazelivestock,ormakeroomforexpandingurbanareas.新视野大学英语（第四版）读写教程4SectionAPre-readingactivities2

Workinpairsanddiscussthefollowingquestions1Whatcanbethecausesofeachoftheenvironmentalproblemslistedabove?BAirpollutioncanbecausedbysubstancesreleasedintotheatmosphere,mainlyduetoactivitiessuchastransportation,industrialemissions,construction,andresidentialheatingandcooking.CGlobalwarmingisprimarilycausedbythegreenhouseeffect.Carbondioxideandothergreenhousegasestrapthesun’s新视野大学英语（第四版）读写教程4SectionAPre-readingactivities2

Workinpairsanddiscuss

thefollowingquestions1Whatcanbethecausesofeachoftheenvironmentalproblemslistedabove?heatradiationandreflectitbacktotheearth.DWaterpollutionisusuallycausedbythedischargeofrawsewageandindustrialwaste.ESpeciesextinctioncanbecausedbyhumansdestroyingtheearth’secosystems.Mostextinctanimalsdiedoutbecauseofchangesintheirenvironment,suchasthelossoftheirfood新视野大学英语（第四版）读写教程4SectionAPre-readingactivities2

Workinpairsanddiscuss

thefollowingquestions1Whatcanbethecausesofeachoftheenvironmentalproblemslistedabove?sources,orthedestructionoftheirhabitats.FGarbagepollutionisusuallycausedbythedumpingofplasticwasteandothernon-recyclablewaste.新视野大学英语（第四版）读写教程4SectionAPre-readingactivities2

Workinpairsanddiscussthefollowingquestions2Tosolveenvironmentalproblems,whatcangovernmentsandindividualsdorespectively?Toreduceenvironmentalproblems,Ithinkgovernmentscanimplementstricterlawsandregulationstoseverelypunishenvironmentalviolations.Inaddition,theycanalsosetupprojectstoimprovetheenvironmentorlaunchcampaignstofurtherincreasepeople’sawarenessofenvironmentalprotection.Asindividuals,therearemanythingswecandoinourdailylife新视野大学英语（第四版）读写教程4SectionAPre-readingactivities2

Workinpairsanddiscussthefollowingquestions2Tosolveenvironmentalproblems,whatcangovernmentsandindividualsdorespectively?tohelp.Forexample,wecanbringareusablebagwhilegoinggroceryshoppingtoreduceouruseofplasticbags.Wecanusepublictransportation,cycle,orwalkasoftenaswecaninsteadofdrivingacar.Wecanplantmoretreesandflowers.Moreover,weshouldalsodisposeofgarbageproperlyandrecycleasmuchaswecan.Savetheearth,savelife1Eachyearthe5thofJuneiscelebratedasWorldEnvironmentDay

topromoteenvironmentalawarenessandencouragenatureconservation.Establishedfollowingthe

UNConferenceontheHumanEnvironment

inStockholmin1972andledbytheUNEnvironmentProgramme(UNEP),WorldEnvironmentDayhasnowbecomethelargestglobalplatformforenvironmentaloutreach.Millionsofpeople新视野大学英语（第四版）读写教程4SectionADetailedstudyofthetextworldwideparticipateintheDaythroughconferences,campaigns,andvariousotheractivitieseveryyear,resolvingtoreducepollution,improvebiodiversity,tackleclimatechange,andrestoretheplanetearth.新视野大学英语（第四版）读写教程4SectionADetailedstudyofthetext2Theearthisauniqueoasis

oflife.Itishometothehumanraceandanuncountablenumberofotherlifeforms,includingplants,animals,andmicroorganisms.Suchbiodiversityismorethanbeautyandwonder.Italso

underpins

theecologicalsystemthathumanityisdependentupon.新视野大学英语（第四版）读写教程4SectionADetailedstudyofthetext3However,thefutureoflifeonourplanet–andthusourown–isinjeopardyduetohuman-drivenecologicalchange.Humanityhasoverreachedinitspursuitofaffluenceandusedtheearth’sresourcesruthlessly.Researchshowsthatwehavealteredmorethan75percentoftheworld’sice-freeland.Overhalfoftheplanet’shabitablesurfaceisnowusedtoproducefood.Theoceanhasfarednobetter,withahugenumberoftheworld’sfishstockshavingbeenoverfished.新视野大学英语（第四版）读写教程4SectionADetailedstudyofthetext4Makingmattersworse,fossilfuelcarbonemissionsfromindustryandagriculturehaveincreasedsignificantlysincethe1970s.Theseemissionscausenotonlyairpollutionandozonedepletionbutalsothegreenhouseeffectandglobalwarming.Withtheglobaltemperaturerising,wecannolongerignorethethreatofclimatechange.Ifgreenhousegasemissionsarenotreducedasearlyaspossible,itwillbeimpossibletolimit新视野大学英语（第四版）读写教程4SectionADetailedstudyofthetextglobalwarmingto2°Cabovepre-industriallevels,asforeseeninthe2015Parisclimateagreement.新视野大学英语（第四版）读写教程4SectionADetailedstudyofthetext5Excessiveexploitationofnaturalresourcesandgreenhousegasemissionsposeagravethreat

totheearth’sessentialecology.Withthedegradationofecosystems,thequalityoflifeforhumanswilldecline.Thenaturalassetstheyprovide–cleanair,clearwater,andfertileland–willinevitablydiminish.Humanswillnotbetheonlyspeciestosuffer.Asecosystemsfalter,otherspecieslargeandsmallwillcomeincreasinglyunderstrain,andwillneedtoadaptorperish.Itwilltake新视野大学英语（第四版）读写教程4SectionADetailedstudyofthetextmillionsofyearsfortheearthtorecoveritsbreadthanddepthofbiodiversity.新视野大学英语（第四版）读写教程4SectionADetailedstudyofthetext6Whatevertheconsequences,ithastoberecognizedthatifwehumanscontinuetoproduce,consume,andpowerourlivesthewaywedonow,land,oceans,andtheatmosphere,whichareallourenvironmentalnecessities,willcollapse.Forthesakeofthesurvivalandhealthofallspeciesonearth,includingourhumanrace,weneedtoactwithnodelay.Protectingtheenvironmentisnotaluxurybutfundamentaltousall.Thetaskismonumentalandeveryonehastoplayapart.新视野大学英语（第四版）读写教程4SectionADetailedstudyofthetext7Peoplehavestartedtoprotecttheenvironmentinsmallsteps,butthereisadireneedtotakegiantleaps.Everynationintheworldneedstoeconomizeonenergyandcutdownon

carbonemissions.Investmentinnewtechnologiesandgreeninnovationmustbeexpanded.Morestringentlawsandrulesmustbeformulatedtodeteractionsthatareharmfultotheenvironment,andtoensurebusinessesandindividualscomplywithrequiredstandards.新视野大学英语（第四版）读写教程4SectionADetailedstudyofthetext8Meanwhile,themeasureswehavelongtakenshouldbestrengthened.Weshouldestablishmoreparksandnaturereservestoprotectwildlifeandtheirhabitats,andlimithuntingandfishingtopreventtheextinctionofmorespecies.Thisisbothforprotectingtheintegrityoftheearth’sbiologicalsystemandforensuringthatallcreaturesonearthhaveplentifulandvariedresources.Takehumanity,forexample.Evidencehasrevealedthateveniftheextinctionofone新视野大学英语（第四版）读写教程4SectionADetailedstudyofthetextspeciesbearsnodirectlinks

tothewelfareofhumanity,itcanimpactthesurvivalofsomeotherspeciesthatwedependon.新视野大学英语（第四版）读写教程4SectionADetailedstudyofthetext9Weshouldalsoencouragemorerecycling,whichiscrucialforhumansocietytoachievesustainability.RecyclingisoneofthethreeRs(reduce,reuse,andrecycle),whichseekstominimizewastedisposalcosts,reduceenvironmentalandclimateimpacts,andrealizezerowaste.Astheurgencytoconserveournaturalresources,savelandfillspace,andreduceharmfulpollutionincreases,itisimperativetorecycletomeetthisneed.新视野大学英语（第四版）读写教程4SectionADetailedstudyofthetext10Thereisnodenyingthat

theneedtopreservenatureoftenconflictswithotherneeds.Forsomepeople,awoodedareamaybeagoodplacetoputafarm.Atimbercompanymaywanttoharvestthearea’streesforconstructionmaterials.Abusinessmaywanttobuildafactoryorshoppingmallontheland.Alltheseneedsarevalid,butthebenefitsofdevelopmentshouldbeweighedagainst

theharmtowildanimalsthatmaybeforcedtofindnewhabitats,andagainstthedepletionof新视野大学英语（第四版）读写教程4SectionADetailedstudyofthetextnaturalresourcesthatwehumanbeingsandallotherlifeformsneedtosurvive.新视野大学英语（第四版）读写教程4SectionADetailedstudyofthetext11Therearealsopeoplewhoarguethatprotectingtheearthasplannedbythecurrentinternationalagreementsistooexpensiveorchallenging.Afterall,weneedtousethelandandoceanstofeedtheever-growinghumanpopulation.Butresearchalreadyshowsthatthegoalsareattainableusingexistingtechnologiesandwithtimelyshiftsingovernmentpolicies,businesspractices,andindividualbehavior.新视野大学英语（第四版）读写教程4SectionADetailedstudyofthetext12Wehaveonlyonechancetogetthisright.Restoringtheenvironmentoftheearthisanambitiousgoal.Butitisonethatwillsecureavibrantfutureforhumanityandallotherspeciesonthisplanet.WorldEnvironmentDaygiveseverypersonacrosstheglobeanopportunitytobeempoweredwithenvironmentalknowledgetoenergizeprotectionactions.Onthisparticularday,letus,asindividualsororganizations,新视野大学英语（第四版）读写教程4SectionADetailedstudyofthetextpledgetodowhateverlittlewecantoreturnecologicalbalancetotheearth,sothateveryspeciesonitcanthriveandprosper.新视野大学英语（第四版）读写教程4SectionADetailedstudyofthetextCulturenotesSectionA新视野大学英语（第四版）读写教程4DetailedstudyofthetextWorldEnvironmentDay:aninternationaldayestablishedbytheUnitedNationstoraiseawarenessofandencourageactiononpressingenvironmentalissues.IthasbeencelebratedannuallyonJune5since1973.CulturenotesSectionA新视野大学英语（第四版）读写教程4DetailedstudyofthetextUNConferenceontheHumanEnvironment:alsoknownastheStockholmConference.ItwastheUN’sfirstmajorconferenceoninternationalenvironmentalissues.HeldinStockholm,Sweden,inJune1972,theconferencemarkedaturningpointinthedevelopmentofinternationalenvironmentalpolitics.CulturenotesSectionA新视野大学英语（第四版）读写教程4DetailedstudyofthetextUNEnvironmentProgramme(UNEP):aninternationalorganizationwithintheUNsystem.Sinceitwasestablishedin1972,UNEPhasbecometheleadingglobalenvironmentalauthority.Itsmissionistoprovideleadership,deliverscience,anddevelopsolutionsonawiderangeofenvironmentalissues.CulturenotesSectionA新视野大学英语（第四版）读写教程4Detailedstudyofthetextthe2015Parisclimateagreement:officiallyreferredtoastheParisAgreement.Itisaninternationaltreatyonclimatechangeadoptedby196partiesattheUNClimateConferenceinParisinDecember2015.Thelong-termtemperaturegoalsetbytheagreementistolimitglobalwarmingtowellbelow2°C,preferablyto1.5°C,comparedtopre-industriallevels.SectionAMeaning:

WorldEnvironmentDaywasestablishedaftertheUNConferenceontheHumanEnvironmentheldinStockholmin1972.ItisledbytheUNEnvironmentProgramme(UNEP)andhasbecomethelargestglobalplatformthatprovidespeoplewithinformationonenvironmentalprotection.新视野大学英语（第四版）读写教程4DetailedstudyofthetextSectionAMeaning:

Everyyear,millionsofpeoplefromallovertheworldattendvariousactivitiesoftheDay,suchasconferences,publicityevents,andmanyothers.Theyaredeterminedtoreducepollution,improvethevarietyofplantsandanimals,dealwithclimatechange,andmaketheplanetearthrecover.新视野大学英语（第四版）读写教程4Detailedstudyofthetext★

biodiversity:n.[U]thevarietyofplantsandanimalsinaparticularplace生物多样性Highbiodiversityallowsecosystemstorecovermorequicklyfromnaturaldisasterssuchasfiresorfloods.高度的生物多样性使生态系统能够更快地从火灾或洪水等自然灾害中恢复。SectionA新视野大学英语（第四版）读写教程4DetailedstudyofthetextSectionAMeaning:

Theearthisaspecialandfertileplanetthatsupportslife.Itiswherehumanbeingsandnumerousotherlifeformsexist.Thishugenumberoflifeformsincludeplants,animals,andmicroorganisms.新视野大学英语（第四版）读写教程4Detailedstudyofthetext★

oasis:n.[C](pl.oases)1)aplacewithwaterandtreesinadesert

（沙漠中的）绿洲LocatedinarichoasisinthenorthwestofChina,DunhuangwasashiningpearlontheancientSilkRoad.敦煌位于中国西北部一片富饶的绿洲中，是古代丝绸之路上一颗璀璨的明珠。SectionA新视野大学英语（第四版）读写教程4Detailedstudyofthetext2)apeacefulorpleasantplacethatisverydifferentfromeverythingaroundit

（不同于周围环境的）宁静怡人的地方Thesmallparkisanoasisforthosewhohavehadatoughdayandjustneedsome“me”time.对于那些度过了艰难的一天后想要一些“自我”时间的人来说，这个小公园就是一个舒适的地方。SectionA新视野大学英语（第四版）读写教程4Detailedstudyofthetext★

organism:n.[C]1)ananimal,plant,human,oranyotherlivingthing生物；有机体Plantsarelivingorganismsthatusesunlighttomaketheirownfood.植物是活的有机体，它们利用阳光为自己创造食物。SectionA新视野大学英语（第四版）读写教程4Detailedstudyofthetext2)asystemmadeupofpartsthataredependentoneachother有机组织（体系）Likeahumanbody,societyisacomplexorganisminwhichdifferentgroupsofpeoplehavedifferentroles,allofwhicharenecessarytothefunctioningofsociety.

就像人体一样，社会是一个复杂的有机体，不同群体的人在其中扮演着不同的角色，所有这些角色都是社会运转所必需的。SectionA新视野大学英语（第四版）读写教程4Detailedstudyofthetext★

microorganism:n.[C]averysmalllivingthingthatyoucanseeonlywithamicroscope微生物Microorganismsareimportantcontributorstothemaintenanceofsoilstructurebyproducingstickycompoundsthatallowsoiltoformaggregates.微生物通过产生黏性化合物使土壤形成聚集体，它们对维持土壤结构十分重要。SectionA新视野大学英语（第四版）读写教程4DetailedstudyofthetextSectionAMeaning:

Suchdiversityofplantsandanimalsisnotjustasourceofamazementandadmiration.Itisthefoundationofabiologicalcommunityandnaturalsystemthatthehumanracedependsonforsurvival.新视野大学英语（第四版）读写教程4Detailedstudyofthetext★

underpin:vt.1)givestrengthorsupporttosth.andhelpitsucceed巩固；支持Thevisionofcreatingabetterfutureforourcommunityisunderpinnedbythreecorepillars:inclusivity,care,andconsciousness.我们为社区创造更加美好未来的愿景基于三个核心支柱：包容、关怀、自觉。SectionA新视野大学英语（第四版）读写教程4Detailedstudyofthetext2)putasolidpieceofmetalundersth.suchasawallinordertomakeitstronger加固（墙体等的）基础Whenrestoringthebuilding,youmustunderpintheexteriorwallswithconcretefoundationstakendowntosuitabledepths.修复该建筑物时，必须要用混凝土地基来支撑外墙，地基要打到合适的深度。SectionA新视野大学英语（第四版）读写教程4Detailedstudyofthetext★

ecological:a.(usu.beforenoun)relatingtotheenvironmentandthewayplants,animals,andhumanslivetogetherandaffecteachother生态的Theyhavecreatedanambitiousprogramtopreservetheecologicaldiversityofthetropicalrainforest.他们制订了一个保护热带雨林生态多样性的宏伟计划。SectionA新视野大学英语（第四版）读写教程4DetailedstudyofthetextSectionAMeaning:

However,thefutureoflifeonearth,andhenceourown,isindangerbecauseoftheenvironmentalchangescausedbyhumanbeings.新视野大学英语（第四版）读写教程4Detailedstudyofthetext★

jeopardy:n.(in~)indangerofbeinglostorharmed在危险中（指遭受损失或受到伤害）Theglobaltransitiontonet-zerocarbonemissionswillbeinjeopardyiftheworlddoesn’tmakeanefforttodevelopgreenenergy.

如果世界不努力发展绿色能源，全球向净零碳排放的转型将会岌岌可危。SectionA新视野大学英语（第四版）读写教程4DetailedstudyofthetextSectionAMeaning:

Humanbeingshavedonemorethantheyshouldtopursuewealthandusedtheearth’sresourcesexcessivelywithoutconsideringtheconsequences.新视野大学英语（第四版）读写教程4Detailedstudyofthetext★

overreach:v.trytodomorethanyourability,authority,ormoneywillallow试图超越（能力、权力或财力范围）Thebudgetofficehasalreadyoverreached,andmanyofitsgoalsarebeyondwhatitshouldbeaddressing.该预算办公室已经做得过头了，许多目标都超出了其应关注的范围。SectionA新视野大学英语（第四版）读写教程4Detailedstudyofthetext★

affluence:

n.[U]thestateofhavingalotofmoneyorahighstandardofliving富裕；富足TheincreasingaffluenceofChineseconsumershasmadeChinaanattractivemarketforbusinessesandinvestorsalike.中国消费者日益富裕，这使中国成为了对企业和投资者们都具有吸引力的市场。SectionA新视野大学英语（第四版）读写教程4Detailedstudyofthetext★

ruthless:a.notthinkingorworryingaboutanypaincausedtoothers;hardandcruel无情的；冷酷的；残忍的Inanagefullofglobalchallenges,collaboration,notruthlesscompetition,isthekeytobusinesssuccess.在一个充满全球挑战的时代，合作而非无情的竞争才是商业成功的关键。SectionA新视野大学英语（第四版）读写教程4Detailedstudyofthetext★

ruthlessly:ad.无情地；冷酷地；残忍地Foreststhatprovidehomesforanimals,reduceflooding,andcleanandcooltheairshouldnotberuthlesslycutfortheselfishneedsofhumanbeings.森林为动物提供家园，减少洪灾，净化空气并降低空气温度，不应该因为人类的自私需求而遭受无情砍伐。SectionA新视野大学英语（第四版）读写教程4DetailedstudyofthetextSectionAMeaning:

Researchshowsthatwehavechangedmorethan75percentoftheworld’slandthatisnotcoveredbyice.Overhalfoftheplanet’ssurface,whichisgoodenoughforhumanbeingstoliveon,isnowusedtoproducefood.新视野大学英语（第四版）读写教程4Detailedstudyofthetext★

habitable:a.goodenoughforpeopletolivein适宜居住的Dalian,acityinnortheastChina’sLiaoningProvince,isnotonlyasummerresortbutalsooneofthemosthabitablecitiesinChina.大连是中国东北辽宁省的一座城市，它不仅是避暑胜地，也是中国最宜居的城市之一。SectionA新视野大学英语（第四版）读写教程4DetailedstudyofthetextSectionAMeaning:

Theoceanisinasimilarlypoorstate.Thefishpopulationintheworld’soceanshasbeenseverelyreducedbecauseofexcessivefishing.新视野大学英语（第四版）读写教程4Detailedstudyofthetext★

farebetter/nobetter:besuccessful/unsuccessfulinaparticularsituation更成功/同样不成功Hetriedothercoatingstoprotecttheironfencesfromexposuretomoisture,buttheyfarednobetterthantheoriginalone.他尝试过用其他的涂层来保护铁栅栏免受潮气的影响，但效果并不比原来的那种好。SectionA新视野大学英语（第四版）读写教程4DetailedstudyofthetextSectionAMeaning:

Tomakethingsworse,gasesandothersubstancesthatarereleasedintotheairbecauseoftheuseoffossilfuelsinindustryandagriculturehaveincreasedgreatlysincethe1970s.Thesesubstancescausenotonlyairpollutionandozonereduction,butalsothegreenhouseeffectandglobalwarming.新视野大学英语（第四版）读写教程4Detailedstudyofthetext★

emission:n.1)[C,usu.pl.]agasorothersubstancethatissentintotheair排放物；散发物Reducingcarbonemissionsisoneoftheworld’smostimportantchallengesifwewishtoliveonahabitableplanet.如果我们希望生活在一个宜居的星球上，减少碳排放是全球最重要的挑战之一。SectionA新视野大学英语（第四版）读写教程4Detailedstudyofthetext2)[U]theactofsendingoutlight,heat,gas,etc.（光、热、气等的）散发，排放Chinahastakenmanymeasurestocontrolairpollutionandcurbtheemissionofpollutantssuchassulfurdioxideandsmokedust.中国采取了许多措施来控制空气污染，遏制二氧化硫和烟尘等污染物的排放。SectionA新视野大学英语（第四版）读写教程4Detailedstudyofthetext★

ozone:

n.[U]akindofoxygenthatexistshighintheearth’satmosphere臭氧Thearticlesaysthatanintactozonelayercanpreventabout99percentofthesun’sUVraysfromreachingtheearth.这篇文章说完好的臭氧层可以阻止99%的太阳紫外线到达地球。SectionA新视野大学英语（第四版）读写教程4Detailedstudyofthetext★

depletion:n.[U]theactofreducingtheamountofsth.减少；削减Somescientistsareconvincedthatthedepletionoftheearth’sozonelayerwillcontributetoanincreaseinskincancers.有些科学家认为，地球臭氧层的损耗会导致皮肤癌增加。SectionA新视野大学英语（第四版）读写教程4DetailedstudyofthetextSectionAMeaning:

Withtheriseintheglobaltemperature,wecannolongerignoretheriskscausedbyclimatechange.新视野大学英语（第四版）读写教程4Detailedstudyofthetext★

threat:n.1)[C,usu.sing.]thepossibilitythatsth.verybadwillhappen坏事发生的可能Becauseofthesevererainstorm,severalplantationslocatedinthehigh-altitudevalleyswereunderthethreatoflandslides.由于严重的暴雨，好几个位于高海拔山谷的种植园都面临山体滑坡的威胁。SectionA新视野大学英语（第四版）读写教程4Detailedstudyofthetext2)[C,U]astatementinwhichyoutellsb.thatyouwillcausethemharmortroubleiftheydonotdowhatyouwant威胁；恐吓Followinganinvestigation,themanwaschargedwithutteringthreatstodamagepublicproperty.经过调查，该男子被指控威胁要破坏公共财产。SectionA新视野大学英语（第四版）读写教程4DetailedstudyofthetextSectionAMeaning:

Theextremeuseofnaturalresourcesandemissionsofgreenhousegasescreateagreatdangertothevitalecologicalsystemonearth.新视野大学英语（第四版）读写教程4Detailedstudyofthetext★

poseathreat/danger/riskto...:createadifficultordangeroussituationforsth./sb.对…造成威胁/危险Reputationalriskcanposeathreattothesurvivalofacompanyandpossiblywipeouthugeamountsofpotentialrevenues.名誉风险会对公司的生存构成威胁，并有可能吞噬大量潜在的收入。SectionA新视野大学英语（第四版）读写教程4Detailedstudyofthetext★

ecology:n.[sing.,U]thewayinwhichplants,animals,andpeoplearerelatedtoeachotherandtotheirenvironment,orthescientificstudyofthis生态；生态学Toguaranteethesustainabledevelopmentofthelake’secology,alargenumberoffryarereleasedintothelakeeveryyearbythelocalresidents.为确保湖泊生态的可持续发展，当地居民每年都会向湖中投放大量鱼苗。SectionA新视野大学英语（第四版）读写教程4DetailedstudyofthetextSectionAMeaning:

Withtheearth’secosystemsbecominglessdiverseandsupportive,thestandardoflivingforhumanbeingswillsuffer.Thenaturalresourcestheyprovide–cleanair,clearwater,andproductiveland–willdecreaseasaresult.新视野大学英语（第四版）读写教程4Detailedstudyofthetext★

degradation:

n.1)[U]theprocessbywhichsth.changestoaworsecondition退化；恶化Thekeytoenvironmentalprotectionistopreventthedegradationofthenaturalenvironment,whichisimportantforalllivingcreatures.环境保护的关键是防止自然环境的退化，这对所有生物都很重要。SectionA新视野大学英语（第四版）读写教程4Detailedstudyofthetext2)[C,U]anexperienceorsituationthatmakesyoufeelashamedandangry耻辱；落魄；潦倒Worldwide,therearestillmanywhoselivesaretrappedinmiseryanddegradation.Ourendeavorstoensureeveryonehasadecentanddignifiedlifecanneverend.在世界范围内，仍有很多人生活在苦难和屈辱之中。我们为确保每个人都过上体面、有尊严的生活而进行的努力永远不会停止。SectionA新视野大学英语（第四版）读写教程4Detailedstudyofthetext★

fertile:a.1)(oflandorsoil)abletoproducegoodcropsorplants肥沃的；富饶的ThefertileblacksoilinnortheastChinaholdsgreatpotentialforincreasinggrainproductionandisimportantforconservingarableland.中国东北地区肥沃的黑土具有增加粮食产量的巨大潜力，对保护可耕地也很重要。SectionA新视野大学英语（第四版）读写教程4Detailedstudyofthetext2)(ofpeople,animals,orplants)abletoproducebabies,younganimals,ornewplants能生育的；可繁殖的；能结果的Theprimroseisafertileplantproducinglotsofsmallseedsthatcanbeeasilytransportedbyavarietyofmeans–rainwater,wind,andthemudonourfeet.

报春花是一种繁殖能力很强的植物，会结许多小种子，这些种子可以通过多种方式轻松传播，比如雨水、风以及我们脚上的泥土。SectionA新视野大学英语（第四版）读写教程4DetailedstudyofthetextSectionAMeaning:

Asecosystemsbecomemorevulnerable,otherspecieswillfacemoreandmorepressure,andwillhavetoadapttothechangesintheenvironmentorbecomeextinct.新视野大学英语（第四版）读写教程4Detailedstudyofthetext★

falter:vi.becomeweakerandunabletocontinueinaneffectiveway变弱；衰退Statisticsshowthatgrowthinretailsalesfalteredinthesecondquarter,slowingto4.3percentfrom4.8percentinthepreviousquarter.统计数据显示，零售额的增长在第二季度有所放缓，从上一季度的4.8%降至了4.3%。SectionA新视野大学英语（第四版）读写教程4Detailedstudyofthetextv.speakinavoicethatsoundsweakanduncertain,andkeepsstopping结巴地说；支支吾吾地说Hisvoicefalteredashestoodatthepodiumtoexplainhowtheincidenthappened.当他站在讲台上解释事件是如何发生的时候，他的声音颤抖了。SectionA新视野大学英语（第四版）读写教程4Detailedstudyofthetext★

under(a)strain:underpressure处在压力之下；有压力Itiswell-understoodthatwithoutenoughjobs,householdincomeswillbeunderstrainandeconomicgrowthwillbeslow.众所周知，如果没有足够的工作岗位，家庭收入将面临压力，经济增长也将放缓。SectionA新视野大学英语（第四版）读写教程4Detailedstudyofthetext★

perish:vi.1)(fml.)die,esp.inaterribleorsuddenway死亡（尤指惨死或猝死）Unseasonablesnowandicyconditionsintheareahavecausedthousandsofsheepandcattletoperish.该地区不合时令的降雪和冰冻环境已经导致