《基础英语》Book 3 Unit 5电子教案

UnitFive

TextIOnNotAnsweringtheTelephone

I.Objectives

令Tolearnhowtoorganizeanargumentativepieceofwriting;

令Tolistentoandreadsomematerialaboutthetelephonesoastolearnsomeuseful

wordsandexpressionsrelated.

II.TeachingEmphasis:

1.ThecomprehensionandappreciationofTextI;

2.Newwordsandexpressions:

pose,suspense,irritate,asphyxiated,ventilate,fidget,indiscreet,chatterbox,elope,obstinacy,

willfulness,escapism,justify,tycoon,aptitude,stumble,forastart,turnadeafearto,

ex-directory

III.TeachingProcedures:(7hours)

Lead-in

1.MovieClip

2.Quotes

1.MovieClip

Watchthemovieclipandanswerthefollowingquestions.

1.WhatattitudedoesMissDarbusholdtowardsstudents'useofcellphonesinherclass?

Shedoesn'tallowthemtousecellphonesinclass.Inherwords,shehaszerotoleranceforcell

phonesinclass.

2.HowdoesMissDarbuspunishthestudentsusingcellphonesinclass?

Shewillseethemindetention.

Discussion:

Fromtheperspectiveofastudent,doyouthinkteachersshouldallowstudentstousemobile

phonesinclass?Whyorwhynot?Thisisanopenquestion.

Script

-MissDarbus?

-Doyourememberthenightbefore?

-No,notatall.AllIrememberislike,pinkjelly,I...

-Excuseme.

-Ooh!

-Hi,Troy.

-Hi.

-1trustyouallhadsplendidholidays.Checkthesign-upsheetsinthelobbyfornewactivities,Mr.

Bolton,especiallyourwintermusicale.Wewillhavesinglesauditionsforoursupporting

roles...

-YouOK?

-Yeah.

-...andpairsauditionsforourtwoleads.

-Pffi.

-Mr.Danforth,thisisaplaceoflearning,notahockeyarena.Thereisalsoafinalsign-upfornext

week'sscholasticdecathloncompetition.ChernClubpresidentTaylorMcHesseycananswerall

ofyourquestionsaboutthat.Ah,thecellphonemenacehasreturnedtoourcrucibleoflearning.

-Isityourphone?

-SharpayandRyan,cellphones,Iwillseeyouindetention.

-Ahh!

-Wehavezerotoleranceforcellphonesinclass,sowewillgettoknoweachotherindetention.

Cellphone.AndwelcometoEastHigh,MissMontez.Mr.Bolton,Iseeyourphoneisinvolved,

Sowewillseeyouindetentionaswell.

-Thafsnotapossibility,MissDarbus,YourHonor,see,becausewehavebasketballpractice,and

Troy...

-Ah,thatwillbe15minutesforyoutoo,Mr,Danforth,Countthem.

-CouldbetoughforChad.Hecan'tcountthathigh,

-TaylorMcHessey,15minutes.Shallthecarnagecontinue?Holidaysareover,people,Wayover!

Now,anymorecomments,questions?

-Jason.

-Sohowwereyourholidays,MissDarbus?

-What?

2.Quotes

Readthefollowingquotesandtellyourclassmateswhichoneisyourfavorite.Stateyour

reasons.

Thetelephoneisthegreatestsingleenemyofscholarship;forwhatourintellectualforebearsused

toinscribeininknowgoesonceoverawireintopermanentoblivion.

—StephenJayGould

Thereissomethingaboutsaying"Ok"andhangingupthereceiverwithabangthatkidsaman

intofeelingthathehasjustpulledoffabigdeal,evenifhehasonlycalledthetelephonecompany

tofindoutthecorrecttime.

—RobertBenchley

Middleageiswhenyou'resittingathomeonaSaturdaynightandthetelephoneringsandyou

hopeitisn'tforyou.

—OgdenNash

Utilityiswhenyouhaveonetelephone,luxuryiswhenyouhavetwo,opulenceiswhenyouhave

three—andparadiseiswhenyouhavenone.

—DougLarson

Thetelephoneisagoodwaytotalktopeoplewithouthavingtoofferthemadrink.

—FranLebowitz

Technologyisaqueerthing.Itbringsyougreatgiftswithonehand,anditstabsyouintheback

withtheother.

—CarrieP.Snow

Ithinkthetechnologyhasallowedustodoamuchbetterjobofdefiningwherethehazardsare,

wherethestrongshakingmaybe,wherethebadgroundis.

一DavidSchwartz

Therearenomoralsabouttechnologyatall.Technologyexpandsourwaysofthinkingabout

things,expandsourwaysofdoingthings.Ifwe'rebadpeopleweusetechnologyfbrbadpurposes

andifwe'regoodpeopleweuseitfbrgoodpurposes.

——HerbertSimon

ListeningInandSpeakingOut

3.Notes

4.Listening

5.SpeakingPractice

1.Notes

1.Motorola—(美国摩托罗拉公司)amultinationaltelecommunicationscompanybasedin

Illinois,US.Itwassplitintotwoindependentpubliccompanies,MotorolaMobilityand

MotorolaSolutionsonJanuary4,2011.

ArrayCommInc.—(美国爱瑞通信公司)aprivately-heldUScompanyincorporatedinApril

1992andco-foundedbywirelessindustrypioneerMartinCooper.Itisaworldleaderin

Multi-AntennaSignalprocessing.

2.incarnation——(inChristianity)theactofGodbecomingamaninJesus.Thewordcanalso

beusedasacommonnountomeanthatsomethingunrealorimaginaryprominentlydisplays

aparticularqualityorform.

3.subscriber—personwhoagreestobuy(anewspaper,aperiodical,etc.)regularlyovera

periodoftimeorpersonwhorentsatelephone.Pleaseguesswhatthiswordmeansinthe

listeningpassage.

4.adaptiveantenna—(自适应天线)atypeofsmartantenna.Itis“smart”becauseitimproves

onthetraditionalantennabyadjustingfortrafficpatternsatagiventimetoincreasesignal

strengthandquality.

5.address—directone'sattentionto(aproblem)ortacklesth.

6.unleashed—unlimitedorunrestricted

2.Listening

Listentotherecordingandanswerthefollowingquestions.

1.WhatisthesignificanceofthefirstcallplacedbyMartinCoopertohisrival?

Itcausedafundamentaltechnologyandcommunicationsmarketshifttowardthepersonandaway

fromtheplace.

2.AccordingtoCooper,whatkindoffreedomdopeopledemandintalkingtootherpeople?

Peopledemandthefreedomtocommunicatewherevertheyare,unrestrictedbytheinfamous

cooperwire.

3.Howhastheportablecellphonedevelopedtotoday'smobilephones?

TheportablecellphonemadeitspublicdemonstrationonApril3,1973.ThenCooperspentten

yearsinbringingittomarket.

4.Canyouexplainthefollowingsentenceinyourownwords?

“ThistechnologyaddresseswhatCoopercalls'theunfulfilledpromise'ofcellular,which

shouldhe,hutstillisn7asreliableoraffordableaswiredtelephonyy

Thetechnologyhassolvedcellular'slong-existingproblem,inCooper'swords,theunkept

promisethatcellularshouldbeastrustworthyandcheapaswiredtelephony.

5.WhathastheadaptiveantennatechnologycontributedtotheInternetusers?

Itincreasesthecapacityandcoverageofanycellularsystem,significantlylowerscostsandmakes

speechmorereliable.

Script

MartinCooperandtheCellPhone

April3,2003markedthe30thanniversaryofthefirstpublictelephonecallplacedona

portablecellularphone.MartinCooperplacedthatcallasgeneralmanagerofMotorola's

CommunicationsSystemsDivision.Itwastheincarnationofhisvisionforpersonalwireless

communications,distinctfromcellularcarphones.Thatfirstcallcausedafundamentaltechnology

andcommunicationsmarketshifttowardthepersonandawayfromtheplace.

MartinCooperexplainedhisthinkingandsaid,"Peoplewanttotalktootherpeople-nota

house,oranoffice,oracar.Givenachoice,peoplewilldemandthefreedomtocommunicate

wherevertheyare,unrestrictedbytheinfamouscopperwire.Itisthatfreedomwesoughtto

vividlydemonstratein1973.AsIwalkeddownthestreetwhiletalkingonthephone,

sophisticatedNewYorkersgapedatthesightofsomeoneactuallymovingaroundwhilemakinga

phonecall.Rememberthatin1973,thereweren'tcordlesstelephones,letalonecellularphones.I

madenumerouscalls,includingonewhereIcrossedthestreetwhiletalkingtoaNewYorkradio

reporter—probablyoneofthemoredangerousthingsIhaveeverdoneinmylift.”

FollowingtheApril3,1973publicdemonstration,usinga^bricks-like30-ouncephone,

Cooperstartedthe10-yearprocessofbringingtheportablecellphonetomarket.Motorola

introducedthe16-ouncephoneintocommercialservicein1983,witheachphonecostingthe

consumer$3,500.Ittooksevenadditionalyearsbeforetherewereamillionsubscribersinthe

UnitedStates.Today,therearemorecellularsubscribersthanwire-linephonesubscribersinthe

world,withmobilephonesweighingaslittleas3ounces.

MartinCooper'sroleinconceivinganddevelopingthefirstportablecellularphonedirectly

impactedhischoicetofoundandleadArrayComm,awirelesstechnologyandsystemscompany

foundedin1992.ArrayComm'scoreadaptiveantennatechnologyincreasesthecapacityand

coverageofanycellularsystem,whilesignificantlyloweringcostsandmakingspeechmore

reliable.ThistechnologyaddresseswhatCoopercalls“theunfulfilledpromise“ofcellular,which

shouldbe,butstillisn'tasreliableoraffordableaswiredtelephony.

ArrayCommhasalsousedthistechnologytomaketheInternet“personal"bycreatinga

personalbroadbandsystem,whichdelivershigh-speed,mobileInternetaccessthatconsumerscan

afford.MartinCooperhadthistosayonthechangestakingplace:"It'sveryexcitingtobepartof

amovementtowardmakingbroadbandavailabletopeoplewiththesamefreedomtobeanywhere

thattheyhaveforvoicecommunicationstoday.PeoplerelyheavilyontheInternetfortheirwork,

entertainmentandcommunication,buttheyneedtobeunleashed.”

3.SpeakingPractice

1.Giveanoralpresentationonthesummaryofthemainpointsofthelisteningpassage.

Foryourreference

Thekeypoints:

-MartinCooperandthefirstpublictelephonecallplacedonaportablecellularphone

-MartinCooperexplaininghisthinking

-thedevelopmentoftheportablecellphonetotoday'smobilephones

-MartinCooperandArrayComm'scoreadaptiveantennatechnology

-ArrayCommmakingtheInternet“personal”andMartinCooper'scomment

2.Discussandcommentontheeffectivenessofeachother'soralpresentation.

3.Workinpairsandtaketurnstoaskandgiveanswersaboutthefollowingtopics:

a.Howimportantaremobilephonestoourlife?

b.Whatarethebadthingsabouthavingamobilephone?

c.WhatdoyouthinkofmobileInternet?

Text

1.TextI

(1)Pre-ReadingQuestions

(2)GeneralReading

(3)Background

(4)Text

(5)CommentsontheText

(6)Exercises

2.TextII

(1)Text

(2)Questions

TextI

1.Pre-ReadingQuestions

Thinkaboutthefollowingquestionsbeforeyoureadthetext.

1.Doesthetitleofthetextstrikeyouasunusual?Wouldyoubeinclinednottoansweratelephone

callatanytime?

Yes,itdoes.Asarule,anytimethetelephonerings,weanswerit.

2.Doesthetitletellyouwhatkindofwritingthepassageis,ananativeoranargument?

Yes.Thetitlesuggeststhatthewriterisexpressinghisopinionaboutnotansweringthe

telephone.Someofhisopinionsmaybesharedbyothersbutsomeofhisopinionsmaynot.So

thispassagemaywellbeanargument.Titlesbeginningwiththeprepositiononareusuallytitles

ofargumentativewriting,e.g.,OnSmoking,OnGambling,OnHygiene.

3.Whatdoyouthinkisthewriter5sintentioninwritingthisarticle?Ishecommentingonsome

people'sunwillingnesstoanswerthetelephoneorishehimselfgivingsomereasonsfornot

answeringthetelephone?

Perhapsitisthewriter'sintentiontotellusthatsomepeople,includinghimselfarejustifiedin

notansweringthetelephonebypresentingsomeofhisreasons.

4.Canyouimaginesomeofthethingsthewritermightmentioninhisarticle?

Thisisanopenquestion.Youmaydiscussthequestionwithyourclassmates.

2.GeneralReading

Gooverthetextrapidlyonceandthendecidewhichofthefollowingstatementsbest

sumsupthecontent.

—1.Itisnotnecessarytohaveatelephonebecauseillnewstravelsjustasfastasgoodnews.

V2.Thewriterstateshisreasonsfornothavingatelephone.

_3.Thewriterdoesnotlikethetelephoneatall.

3.Background

1.publictelephonebox

Apublictelephoneboxisasmallstructurefurnishedwithapayphone.Todaypublictelephone

boxesbecomefewerandfewerlargelyduetotheincreasedusageofmobilephones.

2.theBible

(TheGutenbergBible,thefirstprintedBible)

TheBibleistheaccountofGod'sactionintheworldandhispurposewithallcreation.The

writingoftheBibletookplaceoversixteencenturiesandistheworkofoverfortyhumanauthors.

Itisaquiteamazingcollectionof66bookswithverydifferentstyles.Thiscompilationofbooklets

containsanastonishingvarietyofliterarystyles.Itprovidesmanystoriesaboutthelivesofgood

andbadpeople,aboutbattlesandjourneys,aboutthelifeofJesusalongwithletterswrittento

groupsofChristiansthatmetinhomes.

4.Text

OnNotAnsweringtheTelephone

If,attheendofaconversationsomebodysaystome,"AssoonasIknow,Filringyouup”,

heistakingtoomuchforgranted.Heisproposingtoattempttheimpossible.SoIhavetosay,

'Tmafraidyoucan't.Yousee,I'mnotonthetelephone.Ijusthaven,tgotatelephone.^^

Whydon'tIhaveatelephone?NotbecauseIpretendtobewiseorposeasunusual.Thereare

twochiefreasons:becauseIdon'treallylikethetelephoneandbecauseIfindIcanstillworkand

play,eat,breatheandsleepwithoutit.Whydon'tIlikethetelephone?BecauseIthinkitisapest

andatime-waster.Itmaycreateunnecessarysuspenseandanxiety,aswhenyouwaitforan

expectedcallthatdoesn'tcome;orin-itatingdelay,aswhenyoukeepringinganumberthatis

alwaysengaged.Asforspeakinginapublictelephonebox,thatseemstomereallyhorrible.You

wouldnotuseitunlessyouwereinahurry,andbecauseyouareinahurryyouwillfindother

peoplewaitingbeforeyou.Whenyoudogetintothebox,youarehalfasphyxiatedbystale,

unventilatedair,flavouredwithcheapface-powderandchain-smoking;andbythetimeyouhave

begunyourconversationyourbackischilledbythecoldlooksofsomebodywhoisfidgetingto

takeyourplace.

Ifyouhaveatelephoneinyourownhouse,youwilladmitthatittendstoringwhenyouleast

wantittoring;whenyouareasleep,orinthemiddleofamealoraconversation,orwhenyouare

justgoingout,orwhenyouareinyourbath.Areyoustrong-mindedenoughtoignoreit,tosayto

yourself,“Ah,well,itwillallbethesameinahundredyears'time”?Youarenot.Youthinkthere

maybesomeimportantnewsormessageforyou.Haveyouneverrusheddrippingfromthebath,

orchewingfromthetable,ordazedfromthebed,onlytobetoldthatyouareawrongnumber?

Supposeyouignorethetelephonewhenitrings,andsupposethat,foronce,somebodyhasan

importantmessageforyou.Icanassureyouthatifamessageisreallyimportantitwillreachyou

soonerorlater.Thinkoftheproverb:"IHnewstravelsapace.^^Imustsaygoodnewsseemsto

traveljustasfast.Andthinkofthesaying:"Thetruthwillout."Itwill.

Perhaps,whenyoutakeoffthereceiver,yougiveyournumberoryourname.Butyoudon't

evenknowwhomyouaregivingitto!Perhapsyouhavebeenindiscreetenoughtohaveyour

nameandnumberprintedinthetelephonedirectory,abookwithalargecirculation,asuccessful

booksooftenreprintedastomakeanyauthorenvious,abookmoreinevidencethanShakespeare

ortheBible,andfoundinallsortsofprivateandpublicplaces.Itservesyourightifyoufindit

impossibletoescapefromsomeidleorinquisitivechatterbox,orfromsomebodywhowants

somethingfornothing,orfromsomereporterbentonquestioningyouaboutyourownaffairsor

abouttheprivatelifeofsomefriendwhohasjustelopedormetwithafatalaccident.

But,youwillsay,youneednothaveyournameprintedinthetelephonedirectory,andyou

canhaveatelephonewhichisonlyusableforoutgoingcalls.Besides,youwillsay,isn'tit

importanttohaveatelephoneincaseofsuddenemergency—illness,accidentorfire?Ofcourse,

youareright,buthereinathicklypopulatedcountrylikeEnglandoneisseldomfarfroma

telephoneincaseofdreadfulnecessity.

Isthereanyconclusiontobedrawnfrommyobstinacyandwilfulness,myescapism,ifyou

liketocallitthat?IthinkperhapsIhadbettertrytojustifymyselfbytryingtoprovethatwhatI

likeisgood.AtleastIhaveprovedtomyselfthatwhatmanypeoplethinknecessaryisnot

necessaryatall.Iadmitthatindifferentcircumstances—ifIwereatycoon,forinstance,or

bed-ridden,Imightfindatelephoneessential.ButthenifIwereasecretaryortaxi-driverIshould

findatypewriteroracaressential.Letmeputitanotherway:therearetwothingsforwhichthe

Englishseemtoshowparticularaptitude:oneismechanicalinvention,theotherisliterature.My

ownbusinesshappenstobewiththeuseofwordsbutIseeImustnowstopusingthem.Ihave

justbeenhandedaslipofpapertosaythatsomebodyiswaitingtospeaktomeonthetelephone.I

thinkIhadbetteranswerit.Afterall,oneneverknows,itmaybesomethingimportant.

ByWilliamPlomer(abridged)

Wordsandphrases:

(1)ringsb.up:callsomeoneonthetelephone

e.g.IwillringherupwhenIreachhomeafterthelongjourney.

Whenisthebesttimetoringyouup?

(2)takesth.forgranted:expectsomethingtobeavailableallthetimeandforgetthatitisluckyto

haveit

e.g.Todayyoungpeopletakesomanythingsforgrantedinthiscountry-likehavinghot

waterwhenevertheyneedit.

Wetakeitforgrantedthatourchildrenwillbebetteroffthanweare.

(3)propose:v.suggestsomethingasaplanorcourseofaction

e.g.Thegovernmentisabouttoproposesomechangestosomeinstitutionssoon.

Itwasaharddecisionforthepresidenttoproposethepackagesolution.

(4)attempt:v.trytodosomething,especiallysomethingdifficult

e.g.Inthisarticletheauthorattemptstoexplainwhatleduptothewar.

TheonlytimethattheyattemptedtodosomethinglikethatwasinthecityofNewYork.

(5)pose:v.behaveinaninsincereorexaggeratedwaytomakeaparticularimpressiononother

people

e.g.Hecriticizedthemfordressingoutrageouslyandposingpretentiously.

Shelovestoposewhenmenarearound.

(6)pest:n.anannoyingthingorperson

e.g.Tellthatboytostayawayfromhere.Heissuchapest.

Thatchildisanabsolutepest.Hekeepsringingthedoorbellandthenrunningaway.

(7)suspense:n.afeelingorstateofexcitementoranxietyaboutsomethingthatisgoingtohappen

verysoon

e.g.Comeonthen,tellmewhathappened;thesuspenseiskillingme.

Thepatient'sparentswaitedingreatsuspenseforthedoctor'sopinion.

(8)imtating:a.annoying

e.g.ShetoldmethatTomwasthemostirritatingmanshehadevermet.

Students9habitualtardinessisinitatingtotheirteachers.

(9)engaged:a.(atelephoneoratelephoneline)alreadybeingusedbysomeoneelsesothatthe

persononeisphoningcannotbereached

e.g.Itriedtocallyoubackbutyouwereengaged.

Thenumberisengagedatthemoment.Tryagaininfiveminutes.

(10)horrible:a.veryunpleasantandoftenfrightening,worrying,orupsetting

e.g.Ihaveahorriblefeelingthatwe'regoingtomisstheplane.

Augustissohorriblethatevendedicatedpsychiatristsabandonpostsandpatientsfor

theentiremonth.

(11)asphyxiate:v.preventsomeonefrombreathingnormally,usuallysothattheydie

e.g.Itwasreportedthatanoldmandiedinhisbath,asphyxiatedbythefumesfromagas

water-heater.

Unfortunately,allthepeopleworkinginthecoalminewereasphyxiatedbythebadgas.

(12)stale:a.(air)notfreshorpleasant,(food)nolongerfreshorgoodtoeat

e.g.Ididthistoremovethehorriblestalecigarettesmellfromourcar—theprevious

ownerssmokedheavilyinit.

Theownerofthebakeryhadtoemptysacksofstaleryebreadintothevat.

(13)unventilated:a.nofreshairgettinginto(aroomorbuilding)

e.g.Thatexplosionwassetoffbyanaccumulationofgasinanunventilatedtunnel.

Sheaskedmetowearprotectiveglovesandneverusecleaningproductsinan

unventilatedarea.

(14)chill:v.makesb.feelverycold;suddenlyfrightensomeone,especiallybyseemingverycruel

orviolent

e.g.SoonafterIsatonthemarbleseatinthewintrygarden,itwasbeginningtochillme.

Theangerinhisfacechilledher.

(15)fidget:v.keepmovingone'shandsorfeet,especiallybecauseheorsheisboredornervous

e.g.Onemythpeoplebelieveisthatwefidgetmorewhenwelie.Actually,theoppositeis

true.

Peopledon'tactuallyfidgetorlookawaywhenthey'relying.

(16)strong-minded:a.noteasilyinfluencedbyotherpeopletochangewhatyoubelieveorwant

[=determined]

e.g.Heissostrong-mindedthatnothingcanbringhimtohisknees.

Thestrong-mindedrarelyfollowthecrowd.

(17)dazed:a.unabletothinkclearly,especiallybecauseofashock,accident,etc.

e.g.AttheendofthelonginterviewIwasdazedandexhausted.

Thefrightenedgirllookeddazedandremainedspeechlessfortherestoftheday.

(18)apace:ad.happeningquickly

e.g.Thebusinesshasbeengrowingapaceforthelastyear.

Ifredthesunbeginshisrace,expectthatrainwillflowapace.

(19)indiscreet:a.carelessaboutwhatonesaysordoes,especiallybytalkingaboutthingswhich

shouldbekeptsecret

e.g.Makinganexceptionallyhighprofitissometimesindiscreetandaskingfortrouble.

Oneindiscreetremarkatthewrongmomentcouldruinthewholeplan.

(20)inquisitive:a.askingtoomanyquestionsandtryingtofindouttoomanydetailsabout

somethingorsomeone;interestedinalotofdifferentthingsandwantingtofind

outmoreaboutthem

e.g.Excuseme,Idonotwanttoseeminquisitive,butwhatexactlyareyoudoing?

Westillhavealottolearnaboutlife,medicine,andhealingbutweneedtoapproach

thesethingswithanopen,inquisitivemind.

(21)chatterbox:n.someone,especiallyachild,whotalkstoomuch

e.g.Myauntisachatterboxwhonevershutsup.

IrememberwhenIwasstudyingincollege,allmyprofessorsactedlikechatterboxes

repeatingzerotoleranceforplagiarisminanywritingassignmentsandacademic

papersinanycourse.

(22)fatal:a.resultinginsomeone'sdeath

e.g.Thistypeofallergycanveryoccasionallybefatal.

Nervousnessoranxietyisinmostcasesafatalkillerofsuccess.

(23)obstinacy:n.resoluteadherencetoone'sownideasordesires

e.g.Iresistedtheirproposalwithobstinacy.

Sheerobstinacypreventedhimfromapologizing.

(24)willfulness:n.thetraitofbeingpronetodisobedienceandlackofdiscipline

e.g.Irefusetostandbyandseethecompanyallowedtorunagroundbecauseofone

person'swillfulness.

Formostparents,occasionalwillfulnessistolerable,butcontinualwillfulnesscan

createaproblemasitquicklygathersshapingpowerofitsown.

(25)escapism:n.aninclinationtoretreatfromunpleasantrealitiesthroughdiversionorfantasy

e.g.Suicideisregardedastheultimateactofescapismbysomepeople.

Bookswereaformofescapismfromtherealworld.

(26)justify:v.showorprovethatsomethingisreasonableornecessary

e.g.Idon'thavetojustifymyselftoyouoranyoneelse.

Manyreasonshavebeenputforwardtojustifytheimpositionofcensorship.

(27)aptitude:n.naturalabilityorskill,especiallyinlearning

e.g.Inlanguagelearningitisattitude,notaptitude,thatdeterminessuccess.

Hehasdemonstratedagreataptitudeforcarpentryskills.

(28)slip:n.asmallornarrowpieceofpaper

e.g.Theoddthingis,whentheposterarrived,therewasaslipofpapertellingmetherewas

noreceiptincluded.

Myfriendwrotedownhisaddressandtelephonenumberonaslipofpaper.

Notes

1.Whydon'tIhaveatelephone?NotbecauseIpretendtobewiseorposeasunusual.

Hereisanordinaryquestionfollowedbythewriter'sownanswersandexplanations.Theordinary

questionandanswerisarhetoricaldevicetobeginaparagraphortoorganizesmallunitsofan

essay.Thesecondquestioninthesameparagraph“Whydon'tIlikethetelephone?^^leadsto

furtherexplanationsonthepartofthewriter.

2.Illnewstravelsapace.

Wemayalsosay:Badnewshaswings.

Badnewstravelsquickly.

Illnewsfliesfast.

3.Thetruthwillout.

Thetruthwillbecomepubliclyknown.Thisisaproverb,andouthereisanintransitiveverb.

4.whenyoutakeoffthereceiver,yougiveyournumberoryourname

Insomecountries,thereceiverofatelephonecallliftsthereceiverandgiveshisownnumberor

nametotheonewhomakesthecall.ThisisnotoftendoneinChina.

5.asuccessfulbooksooftenreprintedastomakeanyauthorenvious

asuccessfulbookwhichissooftenreprintedthatitcanmakeanyauthorenvious.

e.g.RobertandKateweresocleverinsteeringtheconversationastohavetheoldman

easilytricked.

Thehitch-hikerwassocarefulabouthisclothingastoattractimmediateattention.

6.abookmoreinevidencethanShakespeareortheBible

abookwhichismoreoftenseenorusedthaneitherShakespeare'sworks,whichareveryfamous,

ortheBible,whichisthesacred