外研新标准选修六Module Cloning（全国一等奖）

Thesubjunctivemood

虚拟语气Part2

insist,order/command,suggest/advise/propose/recommend,desire/demand/require/request/askshoulddo!shoulddo!shoulddo!二.

名词性从句中的虚拟语气二.

名词性从句中的虚拟语气用在表示建议、愿望、命令等词后的宾语从句中。常见的动词有：suggest,propose,recommend,demand,request,require,command,order,insist,desire,urge等。一个坚持：insist(坚决要求)

两个命令：order;command

三个建议：suggest,advise,propose

四个要求：demand,require,request,desire这些动词后面的宾语从句要使用虚拟语气用法即从句中的动词使用should+动词原形，shoul可省略。

宾语从句我们建议Tom去休息一下。他坚持要我与他同行。他们要求派Tom去那儿工作。老师要求作业要及时完成。Wesuggested___________________.Heinsisted_________________________.Theyrequested(that)Tom

_________________________________.(that)Tom

havearest(that)I(should)go

withhim(should)besenttoworkthereTheteacherasked(that)ourhomework

_________________________________.(should)befinished

intime2.这些动词相对应的名词性从句也用shoulddoItissuggestedthatwe(should)practisereadingEnglisheveryday.Thesuggestiongivenbyourteacheristhatwe(should)practisereadingEnglisheveryday.Theteachergiveusasuggestion

thatwe(should)practisereadingEnglisheveryday.Itisordered/commanded/suggested/advised/requested/required/demanded…that…(should)doThe/one’sinsistence/order/command/suggestion/advice/proposal/recommendation/request/requirement/demand/desire

is/wasthat…(should)doa/thesuggestion

/request(等)

that…(should)do…Isuggestthatwe(should)holdameetingnextweek.Heinsistedthathe(should)besentthere.注意：如suggest,insist不表示“建议”

或“坚持要某人做某事时”，即它们用于其本意“暗示、表明”、“坚持认为”时，宾语从句用陈述语气。1．Theguardatthegateinsistedthateverybody____(obey)therules.2．Heinsistedthatshe______(be)seriouslyillandthat_________(send)tohospitalsatonce.3．Hesuggestedthatwe

________(have)ameetingatonce.4．Hispalefacesuggestedthathe______(be)ill.obeywasbesenthavewas例(2010·福建，29)Teachersrecommendparents________theirchildrenunder12toridebicyclestoschoolforsafety.A．notallowB．donotallowC．mustn’tallowD．couldn’tallow解析：考查虚拟语气。recommend后的宾语从句谓语动词用“(should)＋动词原形”，因此A项正确。答案：AIt’ssuggestedthattheplan

(should)

becarriedoutatonce.Theoldwoman’sdemandisthat

herson(should)cometoseeheronceaweek.Weareinfavoroftheadvicethatthefactory(should)becloseddown.

在“Itis/was+某些形容词/过去分词+that从句”句型中,that从句中的谓语动词常用虚拟语气,即“(should+)动词原形”,表示惊奇、遗憾、怀疑、不满等。这些形容词有:important,necessary,essential,natural,strange,advisable,desirable,possible,probable,astonishing,surprising;过去分词有:desired,suggested,requested,recommended,ordered,proposed,decided等。3、主语从句中的虚拟语气It

做主后有形，奇怪重要自然行

Itisdemandedthatweshouldworkoutaplan.Itissuggestedthatthemeeting(should)beputofftillnextweek.有人建议会议应推迟到下周。Itisstrangethathe(should)haveactedtowardshisparentslikethat.他那样对待自己的父母很奇怪。It’sapitythatyou(should)missagoodchance.我们有必要出去散散步。It’snecessarythatweshouldhaveawalknow.她这样做是很自然的。It’snaturalthatsheshoulddoso.

重要的是我们要照顾好病人。It’simportantthatweshouldtakegoodcareofthepatient.她竟然没有被邀请,真是奇怪。Itisstrangethatsheshouldn’thavebeeninvited.注意：以下句式也可以用于陈述语气。很奇怪他昨天没来。

It’sstrangethathedidn’tcomeyesterday.很可惜你没有跳舞。It’sapitythatyoudidn’tdance.3.wish的宾语从句wish的宾语从句与现在事实相反:

一般过去时(be用were)与过去事实相反:

过去完成时与将来事实相反:

would/could/might+V.原

IwishI

_____

(be)

astallasYaoMing.wereIwish/wishedI

______(havenot)

eatensomuchwatermelon.hadn’tIwishit

______

(will)

raintomorrow.

Ifso,Icanstayathometohaveagoodsleep.wouldHewisheshe___________________(become)ascientistsomeday.could/wouldbecome我希望和你一样高。IwishIwereastallasyou.

他希望他没讲那样的话。Hewishedhehadn’tsaidthat.我希望明天下雨就好了。Iwishitwouldraintomorrow.wishtodowishsb./sth.todoIwishtoseethemanager.=Iwanttoseethemanager.Iwishthemanagertobeinformedatonce.=Iwantthemanagertobeinformedatonce.三.虚拟语气特殊句型与固定句式:1

．

wouldrather(that)

宁愿，但愿sbdid…与现在或将来情况相反sbhaddone…

与过去情况相反Iwouldratheryou

returned

memymoneynow.

Iwouldratherwe

hadn’ttold

herthebadnews.Iwouldratheryou

came

tomorrow.2.asif/asthough思考：asif/asthough后面的句子是主句还是从句？Hebehavesasifhe________(own)

thehouse.owned1).从句的动作与主句动作同时发生(可以理解成与现在事实相反)Hebehavesasifhe______(be)

theownerofthehouse.wereShetalkedaboutRomeasthoughshe

__________

(be)thereherself.hadbeen2).从句的动作发生在主句动作之前(可以理解成与过去事实相反)Hecoughed(咳嗽)twiceasifsomeonewouldcome.

他咳嗽两声就好像有人要来了。3).从句的动作发生在主句动作之后(可以理解成与将来事实相反)Shelovesthebabyasifit_____herownson.Itseemsasifit_______spring.Irememberthewholethingasifit_____________yesterday.Theytalkedasifthey____________friendsforyears.Helooksasifhe_______drunk.werewere

hadhappened

hadbeenwere在look,seem等系动词后的“asif/though”引导的从句，当表示真实情况时，用陈述语气；否则就用虚拟语气。Itseemsasifitwerealreadyspring.好像已经是春天了。(虚拟语气)Itseemsasiftheyknoweachother.他们好像彼此认识。(真实情况)3.Itis(high/about)time

(that)“是时候…...(做某事)”

注意:should不能省略．

sb.didsb.shoulddo是时候采取措施来保护环境了。Itis(high/about)timethatwetook/shouldtakemeasurestoprotecttheenvironment.你该走了。It’s(high/about)timethatyouwent/shouldgo.例：It’shightimethegovernment____measurestohelpthegraduates.A．takes B．tookC．willtake D．hastaken解析：考查虚拟语气。句式Itbe(about/high)time接从句时，从句要用虚拟语气，谓语动词用一般过去式。答案：B4.在表达惊异、惋惜、遗憾、理应如此等意义的固定句式中常使用虚拟语气

It’snecessary/strange/natural(自然的,理应此的)/important…

+thatsb.(should)do1).Itisimportantthatwe________________(master)aforeignlanguage.2).真奇怪，她竟然拒绝来参加party。

It’s_______thatshe_______________tocometotheparty.3).鸟在树上安歇/休息是很自然的。

Itis______thatabird_______________intrees.(should)master(should)refusestrangenatural(should)rest3、Ifonly引导的感叹句（要是．．．该有多好啊)

IfonlyIwereaflyingbird!要是我是一只飞鸟多好！LookatthetroubleIamin.IfonlyIhadfollowedyouradvice!看看现在我的困境，要是我接受你的建议就好了IfonlyIknewtheanswer!IfonlyIhadseenthefilmyesterday!与现在事实相反:

一般过去时(be用were)与过去事实相反:

过去完成时Ifonly例(2010·东北三校联考)—Whydoyoulooksoupset?—Ibrokeupwithmygirlfriend.IfonlyI________moreabouther.A．care B．caredC．hadcared D．hadbeencared解析：考查虚拟语气。ifonly表示“要是……就好了”，后面的句子要用虚拟语气。表示与过去事实相反的情况时，谓语动词用haddone的形式。答案：C5.evenif(eventhough)即使；尽管

Evenifhewerehere,hecouldnotsolvetheproblem.EvenifIhadbeenbusythen,Iwouldhavehelpedyou.6

．

incase,forfearthat,lest等引导的状语从句中的虚拟语气

在incase,forfearthat,lest等引导的目的状语从句中，谓语动词用“should+动词原形”的形式，也可用动词的一般现在式或一般过去式。Hehandledtheinstrumentwithcareforfearthatitshouldbedamaged.

他小心地拿着仪器,生怕把它摔碎了。总结

wish,wouldrather,asif/asthough,ifonly表虚拟时的共同点是：时态往后退一步，同if虚拟条件句四.情态动词表示虚拟

1．本想/打算做某事却没做

2．本应该做某事却没做

3．本不该做某事却做了

4．本能够做某事却没做

5．宁愿过去做了某事却没做

6．最好过去做了某事却没做

7．本不必做某事却做了

wouldhavedoneshould/oughttohavedoneshouldn’t/oughtn’ttohavedonecouldhavedonewouldratherhavedonehadbetterhavedoneneedn’thavedone

musthavedonemighthavedonecan’t/couldn’thavedone过去肯定发生了…过去可能发生了…过去不可能发生…五.可用可不用虚拟语气的情况1.insist,suggest2.asif/though3.ifinsist/suggest各有两种意思，用不同的语气insist:“坚决/持要求”用虚拟语气,即shoulddo;insist:“坚持认为,坚持说”用陈述语气suggest:“建议”用虚拟语气，即shoulddo;suggest:“表明、暗示”用陈述语气1.Theteachersuggestedthatwe______________(practise)moreafterclass.2.Herpalefacesuggeststhatshe_____(be)illtoday.3.Heinsistedthatallofus___________(get)thereontimebyanymeans.4.Heinsistedthathe_____________(notsteal)thediamond,andthatheshouldbesetfree.他坚持说他没偷钻石，应该立刻被释放。(should)practiseis(should)gethadn’tstolen

asif/asthoughWhen

a

pencil

is

partly

in

a

glass

of

water,it

looks

as

if

itwerebroken.Thedarkcloudsaregathering.Itlooksasifitisgoingtorain.If引导的条件句a.if真实条件句表示条件是真的或有可能实现的,采用陈述语气。b.if虚拟条件句

表示条件是虚拟的或几乎无法实现的,采用虚拟语气。Exercise判断是否虚拟2.判断虚拟类型3.判断虚拟时间Pass!虚拟语气应试对策A

C

C

B

A

B

B

B

C

A

返回Choosethebestanswer:1．Itisstrangethatthelittleboy_____speaktwoforeignlanguages.A．could B．can C．should D．would２．Hegaveordersthattheexperiment____before5:30pm.A．befinishedB．willfinish C．mustbefinished3．He_____youmorehelp,eventhoughhewasverybusy.A．mighthavegiven B．mightgive

C．mayhavegiven4．WithouttheleadershipoftheParty,there____noNewChina.A．wouldbe B．hasbeen C．shouldbe D．wasCAAA5．HeistalkingsomuchaboutAmericaasifhe_____there.A．hadbeen

B．hasbeen

C．was

D．hasgone6．Theyoungmaninsistedthathe_____nothingwrongand_____free.A．did;set

B．haddone;shouldbeset

C．shoulddo;beset

D．haddone;mustbeset7．Hadyoulistenedtothedoctor,you_____allrightnow.A．are

B．were

C．wouldbe

D．wouldhavebeen8．You_____comeearlier.Thebusleftamomentago.A．would

B．shouldhave

C．may

D．haveBBCA1．（2010高考英语江苏卷）Georgeisgoingtotalkaboutthegeographyofhiscountry,butI’dratherhe_______moreonitsculture.A

．focus B．focusedC

．wouldfocus D．hadfocused【答案】B【解析】本题考查虚拟语气的用法。wouldrather后应用虚拟语气，表示与现在时间相反，用动词的过去式。2．（2010高考英语上海卷）---Sorry,ProfessorSmith.Ididn’tfinishtheassignmentyesterday.---Oh,you

havedoneitasyesterdaywasthedeadline.A

．must B

．mustn’tC

．should D．shouldn’t【答案】C【解析】本题考查的是虚拟语气。此处表示和过去事实相反的情况，应该用should+have+过去分词。本来应该做，而未做。3.（2010高考英语浙江卷）HadIknownaboutthiscomputerprogram,ahugeamountoftimeandenergy

.A．wouldhavebeensaved B．hadbeensavedC．willbesaved D．wassaved【答案】A【解析】原形是：IfIhadknownaboutthiscomputerprogram,ahugeamountoftimeandenergy

.故选择A。4．（2010高考英语天津卷）Johnwenttothehospitalalone.Ifhe

meaboutit,Iwouldhavegonewithhim.A

．shouldtellB

．tellsC

．toldD

．hadtold【答案】D【解析】主从句都是对过去发生事实的一种意愿表达，从句采用havedone的结构，故选D。5．（2010高考英语陕西卷）Ifwe___theotherroad,wemighthavearrivedhereintimeforthemeeting.A

．take B．hadtakenC

．took D．havetaken【答案】B【解析】主句的谓语动词形式mighthavearrived可知题干是与过去事实相反选B。6．（2010高考英语湖南卷）Ifhe

myadvice,hewouldn’thavelosthisjob.A．followed B．shouldfollow C．hadfollowed D．wouldfollow【答案】C7

．（2010高考英语北京卷）--Theweatherhasbeenveryhotanddry.--Yes.Ifithadrainedevenadrop,thingswouldbemuchbetternow!Andmyvegetables______.A

．wouldn’tdie B．didn’tdieC

．hadn’tdied D．wouldn’thavedied【答案】D【解析】表示与过去事实相反的假设，故主句用would/could/might/should+havedone，即D项正确。1．(2011北京)MaybeifI

science,andnotliteraturethen,Iwouldbeabletogiveyoumorehelp.A．studiedB．wouldstudyC．hadstudiedD．wasstudying【答案与解析】C句意：如果我当时学的理科而不是文科，那么我现在就可以给你更多的帮助了。根据then一词可以确定此处表示与过去事实相反，if引导的从句用had+过去分词。2．(2011陕西)I

throughthatbitterperiodwithoutyourgeneroushelp.A．couldn’thavegoneB．didn’tgoC．wouldn’tgoD．hadn’tgone【答案与解析】A句意：如果没有你的慷慨相助的话，我不可能熬过那段艰苦的日子。withoutyourgeneroushelp相当于含蓄条件句ifithadn’tbeenforyourgeneroushelp，此处表示与过去事实相反，所以主句部分应采用couldn’thavedone结构，表示“本不可能”。3．(2011福建)--Pityyoumissedthelectureonnuclearpollution.--I

it,butIwasbusypreparingforajobinterview.A．attended

B．hadattendedC．wouldattend

D．wouldhaveattended【答案与解析】D句意：“很可惜,你错过了这次有关核污染的演讲。”“我本来要参加，但忙于准备工作面试。”根据but后面的内容可知，设空处为与过去事实相反的虚拟语气，用wouldhavedone。4．(2011北京)—Wherearethechildren?Thedinner’sgoingtobecompletelyruined.—Iwishthey

alwayslate.A．weren’t

B．hadn’tbeenC．wouldn’tbe

D．wouldn’thavebeen【答案与解析】A句意：“孩子们都到哪里去了?这顿饭就要被他们彻底破坏了。”“我希望他们不要总是迟到。”本题考查虚拟语气。wish后跟that从句采用虚拟语气，与现在事实相反的用一般过去时，与过去事实相反的用过去完成时。本题表示与现在事实相反，所以用一般过去时。5．(2011江西)We

John’snameontheracelistyesterdaybutforhisrecentinjury.A．willput

B．willhaveputC．wouldput

D．wouldhaveput【答案与解析】D句意：要不是John最近受了伤，我们昨天就把他的名字加到比赛名单上了。根据题干所提供的信息可知，设空处为与过去事实相反的虚拟语气，故谓语动词用“would/should/could/might+have+过去分词”。【2012江西卷】22．We

haveboughtsomuchfoodnowthatSuziewon’tbewithusfordinner.A．maynot B．needn’t C．can’t D．mustn’t答案：B考点：考察情态动词的用法解析：maynot不可以，needn’t不需要，can’t不可能，mustn’t绝不可能。本句句意为：既然Suzie不和我们一起吃晚饭，所以我们就不需要买这么多食物。【2012重庆卷】25．-____youinterruptnow?Can’tyouseeI’monthephone?-SorrySir,butit’surgent.A．Can B．ShouldC．Must D．Would【考点】情态动词用法【答案】C【解析】句意：“--你现在一定要打断我吗？难道你不能看到我在打电话吗？--对不起，先生，事情很急。”根据语境结合选项的词义，C选项符合题意。因此，正确答案为C选项。【难度】一般【2012四川卷】9．IgotcloseenoughtohearthemspeakingChinese,andIsaid“NiHao”justasI____doinChina.A．must B．mightC．can D．should【答案与解析】B本题考查情态动词。句意为：我靠他们足够的近以听见他们说汉语，而且我会像我在中国可能做的那样说“你好”。might表示“可能”。故选B。【2012全国II】17．I’mgoingtoEuropeonvacationtogetherwithJohnifI_______findthemoney.A．canB．mightC．wouldD．need【答案】A

【解析】此处考查了can的本意“能”，表示“能力”。句意：我要和John一起去欧洲度假，如果我能找到钱。【考点定位】考查情态动词的用法。【2012全国新课程】30．I

useaclocktowakemeupbecauseatsixo'clockeachmorningthetraincomesbymyhouse.A．couldn’t B．mustn’tC．shouldn’t D．needn’t【答案】D

【解析】此处考查情态动词，needn’t+动词原形表示：没有必要做某事。句意：我没有必要用闹钟唤醒我，因为每天早上6点火车都经过我的房子。【考点定位】考查情态动词的用法。1．Iadvisedthatyou___thejobassoonaspossible.A．finished B．finishingC．tofinish D．finish2．Theworkersinthefactorydemandedthattheirpay___berai