2023年考研外语冲刺试卷2

考研外语冲刺试卷2

一、UseofEnglish

1、Digitalphotographyisstillnewenoughthatmostofus

haveyettoform,anopinionaboutit[1]developapointof

view.Butthishasn,tstoppedmanyfilmandcomputerfansfrom

agreeing[2]theearlyconventionalwisdomaboutdigitalcameras

—they,reneat[3]foryourPC,butthey'renotsuitablefor

everydaypicturetaking.

Thefansarewrong.Morethananythingelse,digitalcameras

areradically[4]whatphotographymeansandwhatitcanbe.

Thevenerablemediumofphotography【5】weknow,itisbeginning

toseemoutof[6]withthewaywelive.Inourcomputerand

camcorder[7],savingpicturesasdigital[8]andwatchingthem

onTVisnolesspractical■—andinmanywaysmore[9]than

fumblingwithrollsoffilmthatmustbesentofftobe[10].

Paperisalsoterribly[11].Picturesthatareincorrectly

framed,[12],orlightedarenonethelesscommittedtofilmand

ultimatelyprocessedintoprints.

Thedigitalmediumchangesthe[13].Stillimagesthatare

[14]digitallycanimmediatelybeshownonacomputer[15],

aTVscreen,orasmallliquidcrystaldisplay(LCD)builtright

intothecamera.Andsincethepointsoflightthat[16]animage

aresavedasaseriesofdigitalbitsinelectronicmemory,

[17]beingpermanentlyetchedontofilm,theycanbeerased,

retouched,andtransmitted[18].

What'sitliketo[19]withoneofthesedigitalcameras?ItJs

alittlelikeafirstdate—exciting,confusingandfraught

with[20].

(1)

A.ratherthan

B.letalone

C.muchless

D.soasto

2、(2)

A.on

B.with

C.to

D.by

3、⑶

A.attachments

B.auxiliaries

C.attributes

D.counterparts

4、⑷

A.reexplaining

B.rearranging

C.reexposing

D.redefining

5、⑸

A.though

B.if

C.as

D.unless

6、(6)

A.rate

B.pace

C.step

D.speed

7、(7)

A.environment

B.civilization

C.community

D.culture

8、(8)

A.files

B.documentaries

C.programs

D.softwares

9、(9)

A.appealing

B.facilitating

C.enlightening

D.encouraging

10、(10)

A.converted

B.developed

C.exposed

D.evolved

11、(ID

A.unforgiving

B.unperceiving

C.unconsidering

D.unsympathizing

12、(12)

A.aimed

B.targeted

C.focused

D.pointed

13、(13)

A.regulations

B.rules

C.disciplines

D.principles

14、(14)

A.gripped

B.seized

C.grasped

D.captured

15、(15)

A.demonstrator

B.exhibitor

C.monitor

D.transmitter

16、(16)

A.constitute

B.illuminate

C.penetrate

D.dissolve

17、(17)

A.incase

B.ratherthan

C.aswellas

D.asthough

18、(18)

A.on-digit

B.on-cable

C.on-line

D.on-data

19、(19)

A.fire

B.maneuver

C.operate

D.shoot

20、(20)

A.chances

B.probabilities

C.opportunities

D.possibilities

二、ReadingComprehension

1PartA

Directions:Readthefollowingfourtexts.Answerthequestions

beloweachtextbychoosingA,B,CorD.（40points）

Ifyousufferfromdiabetes,talktoyourdoctoraboutwhatkind

ofexerciseisrightforyou.Thetypeofexerciseyoucando

willdependonwhetheryouhaveanyotherhealthproblems.Most

doctorsrecommendaerobicexercise,whichmakesyoubreathe

moredeeplyandmakesyourheartworkharder.Ifyouhave

problemswiththenervesinyourfeetorlegs-,yourdoctormay

wantyoutodoatypeofexercisethatwon'tputstressonyour

feet.

Therearesomeriskstoexercisingforpeoplewithdiabetes,

butthebenefitsfarout-weightherisks.Exercisechangesthe

wayyourbodyreactstoinsulin.Regularexercisemakesyour

bodymoresensitivetoinsulin（胰岛素），andyourbloodsugar

levelmaygettoolow—calledhypoglycemia（血糖过少）一after

exercising.Youmayneedtocheckyourbloodsugarlevelbefore

andafterexercising.Yourdoctorcantellyouwhatyourblood

sugarlevelshouldbebeforeandafterexercise.Itis

especiallyimportanttowatchyourbloodsugarlevelifyou

exerciseinreallyhotorcoldconditions,becausethe

temperaturechangeshowyourbodyabsorbsinsulin.

Ifyourbloodsugarlevelistoolowortoohighrightbefore

youplantoexercise,it'sbettertowaituntilthelevel

improves.Itisespeciallyimportanttowatchyourbloodsugar

levelifyouexerciseinreallyhotorcoldconditions,because

thetemperaturechangeshowyourbodyabsorbsinsulin.Also,

youmayfeelachangeinyourheartbeat,suddenlysweatmore,

feelshakyoranxious,orfeelhungry.Whenyoufeelthisway,

youshouldstopexercisingandfollowyourdoctor，sadvice

abouthowtotreathypoglycemia.

Manypeoplewithdiabeteshaveproblemswiththenervesintheir

feetandlegs,sometimeswithoutevenknowingit.Soit's

importantthatyouwearshoesthatfitwellandhaveplentyof

roomwhenyouexercise.Otherwiseyoucoulddevelopblisters

orothersoresonyourfeetthatcanleadtoinfectionandother

problems.Youshouldcheckyourfeetbeforeandafteryou

exercisetomakesuretherearenoblistersorothersores.

Whenyou'reexercising,yourbodyusesmorefluidtokeepyou

cool.Bythetimeyoufeelthirsty,youmayalreadybegetting

dehydrated.Dehydration(notenoughfluidinyourbody)can

affectyourbloodsugarlevel.Drinkplentyoffluidbefore,

duringandafterexercise.

Thediabeticpatientshadbetterdothekindofexercise

that.

A.makestheheartworkharder

B.ismorebeneficialfortheirnerves

C.warmuptheirbodyfirst

D.won'tputstressonyourfeet

2、

Whichofthefollowingstatementsistrue?

A.Therisksofexercisingaretoogreatfordiabetespatients

totakeanyexercises.

B.Ahabitofexercisingregularlymaintainsaverylowblood

sugarlevel.

C.Hypoglycemiaiscausedbyexcessiveexercise.

D.Insulinabsorptionvariesaccordingtothebody

temperature.

3、

Whenadiabeticpatientfeelsuncomfortablewhile

exercising,.

A.heneedstoholdonandcontinueexercising

B.hemayprobablygetalowbloodsugarlevel

C.itisbecausehe'sdonethewrongexercise

D.heshouldstillrefrainfromsweetfood

4、

Whatelseshoulddiabeticpatientspayattentionto?

A.Theyshoulddrinkasmuchwateraspossiblewhentheyfeel

thirsty.

B.Theyshouldcontinueexercisingdespitesorefeet.

C.Theyhadbetternotexerciseindoor.

D.Theyhadbetterdrinkatdifferentstagesoftheir

exercises.

5、

Whichisthebesttitleforthispassage?

A.HowExerciseHelpsDiabetes

B.TheSecretBetweenDiabetesAndExercise

C.GettingRidofDiabetes

D.TheCureForDiabetes

6、OnethingthatIsmaelMatos,23,sayshe'slearnedonhis

jobasaspecialagentwiththeGeekSquad,isthatthereare

nostupidquestions一notevenwhenacustomeraskswherethe

powerbuttonis.Thegoal,Matossays,isfirstto"stripout

thejargon."Youknowwhathemeans:thosetermslikegigs,

Ram,andmotherboardthatciviliansdon'ttypicallyusein

everydayconversations.Onceheestablishesacommonlanguage

withthecustomer,Matoscanfocusonbuildinga

relationshiponethathehopeswillpayoffinthefuture.Matos

knowsthatclientsoftendon，thavethesameskillshedoes.

0----£

J10

Hiscustomersaskforhelpnotonlywithsettingupnew

computersandinstallingsoftware,butalsowithdigital

cameras,wirelessInternetaccessandevengettingtheiriPod

syncedwithiTunes.

WeliveintheageofWeb2.0,whenInternetviewersarefast

becomingcontentcreators.Wemaylogintosocialnetworking

sitessuchasDiggandTechnorati,rateorevenuploadvideos

onYouTube,andcontributeandeditinformationoncollaborate

websitesknownaswikis.

Butmembersofthisexpandingplugged-inpopulationaren，t

necessarilyuptospeedwiththelanguageoftheweb—or

understandthetechnicallingoofthesalesorcustomerservice

peoplethey，returningtoforassistance.Accordingtoa"Cyber

Stress'surveyof1,001AmericanbroadbandInternetservice

users,46percentsaidthetypicaltechsupportpersonusesan

excessoftechnicallanguage,and61percentsaidtheywould

prefera"computertherapist“whoiscompassionateandeasyto

talkto.

AquestionthatonlinepublicrelationsstrategistSallyFalkow

saysshe，shearingoftenthesedaysis,“Howdowecopewith

allthis?”shetellspeople,“There'snowayyoucanescapethis.

There'sabigconversationgoingon,“andit'simportantto

learnhowtobepartofit.

Ifyou'reattheearlieststageofthelearningcurve,start

byreadingtechnology-orientedcolumnsandarticlesin

magazines,newspapersandwebsitesthatarewrittenfora

generalaudience.Moveuptomoretech-orientede-lettersas

youbuildafoundation.Asyoucomeacrossnewtells,lookthem

uponline.DefinitionsatWikipedia,theonlineencyclopedia

writtenandeditedbywebusers,maybehelpful.Youshouldalso

startassociatingwithpeoplewhocanhelpexplainthings.Look

forgroupsthatsponsorseminarsorfindasupportiveonline

community.Don'tbeafraidtoguideyourhelper.Explainwhat

youneedtoknow,askhimorhertoslowdownandspeakinbasic

terms.

ItcanbeinferredthattheGeekSquadis.

A.anITtrainingschool

B.acomputersupportservice

C.aniPodsalesagency

D.apublicrelationsinstitution

7、

WhatisthemaincharacteristicofWeb2.0accordingtothe

passage?

A.Itcontainsmulti-mediaresources.

B.Itismorelikeasocialnetworking.

C.Theviewscanmaketheirowncontributionstothecontent.

D.Theinternetconnectionisfasterthanbefore.

8、

Whatisthemajorproblemshownbythe"CyberStress"survey?

A.Thetechnologicalsupportpersonisnotpoliteenoughin

theirservices.

B.Thetechnologicalsupportpersondoesnothaveenough

expertise.

C.Thetechnologicalsupportpersonisalwaystryingtosell

something.

D.Thetechnologicalsupportpersonusestoomuchtechnical

lingo.

9、

WhatdoesSallyFalkowsayabouttheproblemssheisfacedwith?

A.Allthetechsupportpersonsneedtomakethoselingo

easy-to-understand.

B.Abigconversationisneededbetweenthecustomerandthe

techsupportpersons.

C.Theusersneedtolearnsometechlingotounderstandthe

techsupportpersons.

D.Theuserscanescapefromonetechsupportpersonandfind

anotherone.

10、

Whichgroupofpeopleisthetargetaudienceofthelast

paragraph?

A.Thosetechsupportpersonswhohaslongworkingexperiences.

B.Theuserswhodonotknowmuchaboutthetechnologicalterms.

C.Thosetechsupportpersonswhojustgetstartedwiththeir

work.

D.Theuserswhoalreadyknowalotaboutthetechnological

terms.

11Theroadtocontrollingpopulationgrowthinthe20th

centurywaspavedwithgoodintentionsandunpleasantpolicies

thatdidnotwork,anewbookarguesanhistorianwhogrewup

astheyoungestofeightchildrenmightwellbeexpectedto

approachthequestionofwhethertheworldisoverpopulated

fromanunusualangle.MatthewConnelly,aprofessorat

ColumbiaUniversity,dedicateshisstudyofthosewhothought

theplanethadtoomanypeopleandtriedtodosomethingabout

ittohisparents,“forhavingsomanychildren”.

Yet,heassuresthereader,itWasnothispersonalexperience

oflargefamiliesthatdrewhimtothesubject.Mr.Connelly's

mentor,PaulKennedyofYaleUniversity,believeditwas

necessarytolookbeyondgreat-powerrivalriestounderstand

thepost-cold-warera.In1994thepairwroteanarticlefor

AtlanticMouthlyarguingthatpopulationgrowthinpoor

countries,increasingawarenessofglobaleconomicinequality

andtheprospectofmassmigrationcouldleadtoclashesbetween

theWestand"therest”.

When,yearslater,Mr.Connellybeganhisownbookonpopulation

growth,hestillthoughtofthetopicasawaytoofferabroader

understandingofworldsecurity.Heendedupwritingavery

different-andangry-book,oneaboutpeoplewholookedatthe

humanracereproducingitselfandsawwhatagardenerseeswhen

lookingataprizeplant:somethingtobeencouragedtobloom

insomeplacesandprunedinothers.

Astheworldpopulationsoared,thepopulationcontrollerscame

tobelievetheywerefightingawar,andtherewouldbe

collateraldamage.Millionsofdeviceswereexportedtopoor

countriesalthoughtheywereknowntocauseinfectionsand

sterility."Perhapstheindividualpatientisexpendableinthe

generalschemeofthings,“saidaparticipantataconference

onthedevicesorganizedin1962bythePopulationCouncil,a

researchinstitutefoundedbyJohn[D]Rockefeller,

''particularlyiftheinfectionsheacquiresissterilizingbut

notlethal.

Furthermore,statisticalestimatessuggestthatasmuchas90%

ofthereasonthatwomenhavefamiliesofaparticularsizeis

simplybecausethatisthenumberofchildrentheywant.Where

womengainededucationandrights,birthratesfell.Aswith

reproductionitself,forpeopletobecomelessfruitful,desire

mustprecedeperformance.

WhichoneofthefollowingisNOTtrueaboutMatthewConnelly?

A.Heistheyoungestof8childreninthefamilyandgrewup

tobeanhistorian.

B.Heisexpectedtoaddressthepopulationproblemfroma

differentperspective.

C.Hispersonalexperienceoflargefamiliesisthereasonwhy

hewantstodoresearchinpopulation.

D.Hewantstodedicatehisresearchtohisparents.

12、

WhichoneofthefollowingistrueaccordingtoConnelly'sbook

in19947

A.Populationgrowthreflectsthepowersofgreatnations.

B.Populationgrowthbecameaproblemforhumanbeingafter

thecoldwar.

C.Populationgrowthinunderdevelopedcountriesmaydeepen

economicinequality.

D.Populationgrowthleadtodifferentcontrollingpolicies

andthesepoliciesleadtoclashes.

13、

Theword"pruned”(Line5,Para.3)mostprobablymeans.

A.tofosterthegrowthof

B.toremovefrom,esp.bycuttingoff

C.toinspirewiththecourageorconfidence

D.toexpressstrongdisapprovalof

14、

WhatisthemainideaofParagraph4?

A.Someelatedproblemsarisewhenworldpopulationincreases

quickly.

B.Rapidpopulationgrowthmayhavethepotentialtocausea

war.

C.Manybirthcontrolmethodsarepotentiallylethal.

D.Mostbirthcontroldeviceswouldnotendangerpeople's

lives.

15、

Accordingtothepassage,whatmightbeabetterwaytocontrol

population?

A.Toestimatethepopulationtrendwithstatistics.

B.Tocontrolthesizeofafamilyasawhole.

C.Tograntmoreeducationandrightstowomen.

D.Todecreasewomen'sabilitytoreproduce.

16、Studiesfrom10nationsrevealthattheratesof

depressionamongwomenaretwiceashighastheyareamongmen.

Dowomenhaveabiologicalbentfordepression,oraresocial

doublestandardsthemajorcause?

Mentalhealthworkershavelongnoticedamongtheclinically

depressedwomentakeupabiggerproportion.Untilrecently,

though,itwasunclearwhethermorewomenthanmenwereillor,

instead,whethermorewomensoughthelp.Infact,amounting

collectionofstudieshasconfirmedthatmajordepressionis

twiceascommonamongwomenasitisamongmen."Thisisone

ofthemostconsistentfindingswehaveeverhad,“saysMyrna

M.WeissmanofColumbiaUniversity.

Scientistssearchingforexplanationsarechallengedbythe

factthatavarietyofcuespromptdepressionindifferent

people.Sortingoutwhichfactorsmighthaveagreater

influenceonwomenhasnotprovedeasy.Bothsexesstandan

equalchanceofinheritingmajordepression,sogenesaremost

1ikelynottoblame.Yethormonesandsleepcycles-which

differdramaticallybetweenthesexescanaltermood.Also,many

workershaveproposedthatsocialdiscriminationmightput

womenunderhighlevelsofstress.

In1990aninternationalgroupexaminesmooddisorders.Inthe

10nationsreviewedsofar,theteamhasfoundthatamong

generationsreachingmaturityafter1945,depressionseemsto

beontheriseandoccursatayoungerage.Althoughoverall

incidencevariesregionally,everywheretheratesof

depressionamongwomenareabouttwiceashighastheyareamong

men,“Weissmansays.

Incontrast,lifetimeratesformanic-depressiveillnessdonot

differaccordingtosexorculture.MarkS.Georgeandhis

colleaguesattheNationalInstituteofMentalHealth(NIMH)

recentlystudiedwhichregionsofthebrainhavegreaterblood

flowduringperiodsofdepression.Georgefoundthat“thebrain

activityofthemenandwomenofdepressionlookedvery

different."Hehassincecomparedfeelingsofanger,anxiety

andhappiness,findingnosuchbigadifference.

BecauseoneinfiveAmericanwomenhasahistoryofdepression,

especiallyastheyoftenpursuetherapyfromothersources,

sometimesontopofananti-depressantclinic.SaysLeibenluft:

“Itisremarkablehowlittleworkhasbeendoneonthissubject.

WhichoneofthefollowingistrueaboutMyrnaM.Weissman,s

comment?

A.Womenhaveabiologicalbentfordepression.

B.Thechanceforwomentohaveamajordepressionistwice

ashighasitisformen.

C.Socialdoublestandardsarethemajorcauseforwomen，s

depression.

D.Morewomensoughthelp,andthismakesitseemlikemore

womensufferfromdepression.

17、

Whatcanwelearnfromthe3rdparagraph?

A.Sleepcyclescanhaveabigimpactonthedifferentmoods

betweenthesexes.

B.Scientistssearchingonthisissuearechallengingeach

other'sideasandtheories.

C.Ithasalreadybeenfoundoutwhichreasonsmighthavea

greaterinfluenceonwomen'sdepression.

D.Genesisthedecidingfactor,thereissuchabigdifference

betweenmenandwomenintermsofdepression.

18、

Whatdidtheinternationalgroupfindoutaboutmooddisorder?

A.Theratioofdepressionsufferersbetweenwomenandmenis

0-----£

,20

thesameindifferentregions,1:2tobeexact.

B.After1945,themajorityofthosesufferingfromdepression

areyoungpeople.

C.Regionisnotafactortogreatlyinfluencetheratesof

depressionamongwomenandmen.

D.Thetotalamountofdepressionsufferersareprettymuch

thesameindifferentregions.

19、

WhatcanweinferfromMarkS.George'sresearch?

A.Inanypointoflife,morewomensufferfromdepressionthan

mendo.

B.Althoughthereasonsfordepressionmaydiffer,thereis

thesamepartofbrainthatwouldactdifferentlyifpeoplehave

depression,regardlessoftheirgender.

C.Depressionistheonlycasewhenmenandwomenshow

differenceinbrainactivities.

D.Menandwomenhavedifferencesinbrainactivitieswhenin

anger,anxietyandhappiness.

20、

TheauthorquotesLeibenluft，scommentinthelastparagraph

to.

A.summarizethemainideaofthepassage

B.recommendanalternativeperspectivetolookattheissue

ofdepression

C.expresstheauthor*spityabouttheslowimprovementonthe

cureofdepression

D.praisethegreateffortsmadebyresearchersonthesubject

ofdepression

21、PartB(10points)

[A]MarkWilliamsandJasonMattingley,whosestudyhasjust

beenpublishedinCurrentBiology,lookedatthewayapersonJs

sexaffectshisorherresponsetoemotionallychargedfacial

expressions.Peoplefromallculturesagreeonwhatsixbasic

expressionsofemotionlooklike.Whetherthefacebeforeyou

isexpressinganger,disgust,fear,joy,sadnessorsurprise

seemstoberecogniseduniversally—whichsuggeststhatthe

expressionsinvolvedareinnate,ratherthanlearned.

[B]Moreover,mostparticipantscouldfindanangryfacejust

asquicklywhenitwasmixedinagroupofeightphotographs

aswhenitwaspartofagroupoffour.Thatwasinstarkcontrast

totheotherfivesortsofexpression,whichtookmoretimeto

findwhentheyhadtobesortedfromalargergroup.This

suggeststhatsomethinginthebrainisattunedtopickingout

angry.expressions,andthatitisespeciallyconcernedabout

angrymen.Also,thishighlytunedabilityseemsmoreimportant

tomalesthanfemales,sincethetworesearchersfoundthat

men-pickedouttheangryexpressionsfasterthanwomendid,

eventhoughwomenwereusuallyquickerthanmentorecognized

everyothersortoffacialexpression.

[C]DrWilliamsandDrMattingleyshowedtheparticipantsin

theirstudyphotographsoftheseemotionalexpressionsinmixed

setsofeitherfouroreight.Theyaskedtheparticipantsto

lookforaparticularsortofexpression,andmeasuredthe

amountoftimeittookthemtofindit.Theresearchersfound,

inagreementwithpreviousstudies,thatbothmenandwomen

identifiedangryexpressionsmostquickly.Buttheyalsofound

thatangerwasmorequicklyidentifiedonamalefacethana

femaleone.

[D]Menarenotoriouslyinsensitivetotheemotionalworld

aroundthem.Atleast,thatisthestereotypepeddledbya

thousandwomen'smagazines.Andastudybytworesearchersat

theUniversityofMelbourne,inAustralia,confirmsthatmen

are,indeed,lesssensitivetoemotionthanwomen,withone

importantexception.Menareacutelysensitivetotheangerof

othermen.

[E]DrWilliamsandDrMattingleysuspectthereasonforthis

isthatbeingabletospotanangryindividualquicklyhasa

survivaladvantage•-and,sinceangerismorelikelytoturn

intolethalviolenceinmenthaninwomen,theabi1itytospot

angrymalesquicklyisparticularlyvaluable.

[F]Theabilitytospotquicklythatanalphamaleisinafoul

moodwouldthushavegreatsurvivalvalue.Itwouldallowthe

sharp-wittedtimetochooseappeasement,defenceorpossibly

evenpre-emptiveattack.And,ifitisright,thisstudyalso

confirmsalessonlearnedbygenerationsofbar-roomtoughguys

andschoolyardbullies:ifyouwantattention,getangry.

[G]Astowhymenaremoresensitivetoangerthanwomen,it

ispresumablybecausetheyarefarmorelikelytogetkilled

byit.Mostmurdersinvolvemenkillingothermen■—eventoday

thecontextofhomicideisusuallyaspontaneousdisputeover

statusorsex.

(作图)

(41)

22、(42)

23、(43)

24、(44)

25、(45)

26、PartC

Directions:Readthefollowingtextcarefullyandthen

translatetheunderlinedsegmentsintoChinese.(10points)

Byafaction,Iunderstandanumberofcitizens,whether

amountingtoamajorityorminorityofthewhole,whoareun