2024届中考英语一轮复习词汇专题

名词的分类专有名词：表示具体的姓名、事物、机构、地名、月份、节日等HongKong,July,WorldTradeCenter,SpringFestival普通名词：表示某类人、事物或抽象概念的名称。可数名词个体名词：指单个的人或事物pen,toy,dictionary集体名词：指一群人或一些事物的总称police,class,team,army,group不可数名词物质名词：指无法氛围个体的物质、材料的名词coffee,glass,wind,paper,tea,beer抽象名词：指人或物的品质、情感、状态、动作等抽象概念的名词silence,failure,surprise,beauty,duty名词的数可数名词的数1.规则变化类别构成法例词一般情况加-s（清辅音后读/s/，浊辅音和元音后读/z/，/s/、/z/、/dʒ/等音后发/iz/)map-mapsboy-boysgirl-girlspen-pensbag-bagscar-cars以s,sh,ch,x结尾加-es，读/iz/babybabiescity-citiescountry-countries以辅音字母+y结尾变y为i再加es，读/iz/monkeymonkeysholidayholidaysMaryMarys(专有名词)以字母o结尾少数加-es，读/z/hero-heroestomato-tomatoespotato-potatoes一般加-s，读/z/piano-pianosphoto-photosradio-radios以f或fe结尾一般把f或fe变ve加sleaf-leavesshelf-shelveswife-wivesknife-kniveslife-lives（生命）half-halves少数加-scliff-cliffsroof-roofsbelief-beliefssafe-safesgulf-gulfschief-chiefs不规则变化名词内部元音变化例如：childchildrenfootfeettoothteethmousemicemanmenwomanwomen关于man,woman的词例如：合成词：policeman-policemenbusinessman-businessmen非合成词：human-humansGerman-Germans复合词：womandoctorwomendoctors名词+名词例如：ping-pongbatping-pongbats名词+介词例如：passer-bypassers-byfather-in-lawfathers-in-law过去分词+副词例如：grown-upgrown-ups单复数同形例如：sheepfishdeer国家专有名词例如：不变化：ChineseJapaneseSwiss变化：GermanGermansEnglishmanEnglishmenFrenchmanFrenchmen外来词的不规则形式例如：phenomenonphenomena/phenomenons集体名词的复数有些集体名词只有复数形式，同时也表示复数含义；做主语时，谓语动词用复数。例如：goodsclothestrousersshortsglassessocksEg:Therearetwopairsofglassesonthetable.有些集体名词没有形式的变化，但表示复数意义；做主语时，谓语动词用复数。例如：policepeoplecattlepoultryEg:Somepeoplelikewatchingtalkshows.有些集体名词常以单数形式出现。侧重整体概念，表示单数意义，作主语时谓语动词用单数；若表示多个这样的整体，有复数变化形式，作主语时谓语动词用复数。侧重整体中的成员，表示复数意义，作主语时谓语动词用复数。例如：classfamilyclubarmyteampartycrowdaudiencegrouppublicEg:Hisfamilyarehavingdinnernow.Myfamilyisahappyfamily.同时具有两种复数形式fish作“鱼的种类”讲时，复数形式是fishes；作“鱼的条数”讲时，单复数同形；作“鱼肉”讲时，为不可数名词，无复数形式。例如：threefish三条鱼threefishes三种鱼I’dlikesomefish.我想吃些鱼。people作“人们，人”讲时，是集体名词；作“民族”讲时，复数形式是peoples例如：somepeople一些人somepeoples一些民族不可数名词的数物质名词的数物质名词表示泛指的某种物质时是不可数名词，但在表示具体意义或某种特殊含义时作可数名词用，前边可以用不定冠词等修饰，也可以有复数形式。例如：teaatea一杯茶twoteas两杯茶glassaglass一个玻璃杯rains大量的雨水waters大片水域woods树林抽象名词的数抽象名词表示具体事物时可作可数名词，可用a/an修饰，也有复数形式，“表示某种人或事”。例如：apity令人感到遗憾的事或人asuccess成功的事apleasure愉快的事abeauty美好的事，美人注意：在一些固定词组中，抽象名词也可用作可数名词。例如：have/takearest,catchacold,haveacough.专有名词的数专有名词一般视作不可数名词，但是在表示具体意义，指“一个/只”时，也可作可数名词，可用不定冠词修饰，也有复数形式。Eg:ASamislookingforajob.一个叫Sam的人在找工作。名词的格名词的格分为主格、宾格和所有格。名词的主格和宾格相同，一般就是名词本身。名词所有格是表示名词的所属关系的形式，名词所有格的构成有-’s所有格、of所有格和双重所有格。-’s所有格构成一般情况，在名词词尾加-’s例如：Kate’sbag若名词以-s或-es结尾，直接在其后加-’例如：mystudents’books不以-s结尾的名词复数形式，直接在其后加-’s例如：women’sskirtchildren’stoy用法两人或多人共有一个人或事物，只变化最后一个名词的词尾；如果是各自拥有，各个名词的词尾都要变化例如：LilyandLucy’sroom（两人共有一个房间）Lily’sandLucy’srooms（两人分别有一个房间）表示时间、距离、国家、地点等的名词常用-’s所有格例如：tenminutes’walk10分钟的步行路程Beijing’sweather北京的天气today’snews今天的新闻表示某人的店铺、医院、学校、住宅及公共建筑时，-’s所有格后常常不出现它所修饰的名词。例如：atthedoctor’s在医院atTony’s在唐尼家表示节日例如：Teachers’DayChildren’sDayMother’sDayof所有格表示无生命名词的所有关系例如：thewindowoftheroom名词化的形容词的所有关系用of所有格例如：theproblemsofthedisabled双重所有格“名词+of+-’s所有格/名词性物主代词”构成双重所有格。如果在表示所属物的名词 前有冠词、数词、不定代词或指示代词时，常用双重所有格的形式来表示所有关系。例如：aphotoofmineSomebooksofBen’s注意：of前的名词是picture、photo等时，双重所有格与of所有格表示的含义不同例如：apictureofmyfather我父亲（本人）的一张照片apictureofmyfather’s我父亲（拥有）的一张照片名词的修饰语表示数量的修饰语只修饰可数名词few,afew,many,several,agreat/goodmanyof,anumberof,alarge/greatnumberof只修饰不可数名词little,alittle,much,agood/greatdealof,abitof既修饰可数名词又修饰不可数名词some,alotof,lotsof,plentyof,all,most单位词的修饰语普通单位词apieceofbread,abitofwater度量单位词twofeetofsnowatonofrainapoundofmeat容积单位词acupofteaaglassofwaterabottleofmilkabagofrice形状单位词abarofchocolateadropofwater集体单位词ateamofplayersacrowdofpeopleagroupofchildren例题：_____motherscan’tgoshopping,becausetheyhavetocleanthehouses.AliceandLily’sB.Alice’sandLily’sC.Alice’sandLilyD.AliceandLily——Excuseme.Howfaristhepostofficefromhere?——It’sabout______walk.tenminuteB.tenminutesC.tenminutes’D.tenminute’sI’dlike_________.A.twocupofcoffeeB.twocupsofcoffeesC.twocupofcoffeesD.twocoffeesThereis_______newsaboutthismoviestarinthenewspaper.WherecanIgetsome?manyB.afewC.alotD.littleCouldyougivemeafew_______onhowtospendthecomingsummerholiday?OK.Letmesee.hobbiesB.knowledgeC.suggestionsD.informationUncleWangbroughttwo_____formeyesterday.BreadB.milkC.dictionaryD.watchesWhatwouldyouliketodrink,girls?_______,please.TwoglassofwaterB.TwoglassofwatersC.TwocupsofteaD.TwocupsofteasThestudentsdidn’tfinemuch____aboutthetopiconthatwebsite.reportB.articleC.informationD.storyHowmany______arethereinthebasket?potatoB.breadC.tomatoesD.eggWhat_____doyouhaveforDaniel?Ithinkheshouldstudyharderthanbefore.newsB.adviceC.helpD.informationSome______cametoourschoolforavisitthatday.GermansB.GermenC.GermanyD.GermaniesMary’sskirtisthesameasher______.sisterB.brotherC.sister’sD.brothers______fathersdidn’tcometothemeeting.Why?BecausetheyhavegonetoBeijing.Jeff’sandAmy’sB.JeffandAmyC.Jeff’sandAmyD.JeffandAmy’sHowmany______doyouseeinthepicture?Three.A.dogB.childC.sheepsD.sheep15.Tomisingoodhealth,becauseheoftenexercisesandeatsalotofhealthy______.A.foodB.waterC.pearD.carrot

数词基数词变序数词口诀：基变序，很容易，词尾加上-th；一二三，特殊记，八加h，九减e，f来把ve替；若是遇上整十数，ty变作tie；若是遇上几十几，只变各位就可以。数词的用法编号编号可用基数词或序数词表示：基数词位于名词之后，且名词首字母要大写序数词位于名词之前，并加定冠词eg：66路公交车：Bus66、BusNo.66或No.66Bus第100页：Page100或the100thpage332号房间：Room332、RoomNo.332或theNo.332Room日期、年代用基数词表示“年”,年代是四位数时,常先读读前两位数,再读后两位数。Eg:2023年读作twentytwenty-three英语中通常为“月、日、年”Eg:2009年10月25日:October25(th)，2009读作Octoberthetwentyfifth,twothousandandnine表达“……世纪……年代”时,在表达年份的阿拉伯数字后加-s或-'s。Eg:20世纪90年代:the1990s或the1990's读作thenineteennineties18世纪40年代:the1740s或the1740's读作theseventeenforties年龄:“几十岁”inone’s+基数词复数;attheageof...Eg:Mysisteristwenty-threeyearsold.Whenhewasinhisthirties,hebecameaveryfamousactor.Shebegantolearnthepianoatherageoffive.时刻整点：“整点时间+o’clock”；非整点：“整点数+分钟”Eg:It’sseveno’clock.It'sseventwenty.时刻读法：“整点数+分钟”；（分钟数小于或等于30分钟）“分钟数+past+整点数”；（分钟数大于30分钟）“所差分钟数+to+下一整点数”Eg:6:30读作sixthirty或halfpastsix8:45读作aquartertonine注意：15分钟常用aquarter，半小时常用half分数、小数、百分数分数：分子用基数词，分母用序数词，分子大于一时，分母需用序数词的复数形式eg：1/3：one/athird2/3：twothirds3/4：threequarters或threefourths小数：按照基数词的读法eg：36.22读作thirty-sixpointtwotwo百分数eg：88%读作eighty-eightpercent（percent没有复数形式）倍数：“两倍”用twice/double，“三倍以上”用“基数词+times”，常用句型有：倍数+as...asEg：Wehaveproducedfourtimesasmanycomputersaswedidlastyear.倍数+比较级+thanEg:Hisuncleistwiceolderthanhe.ShehasreadthreetimesmorebooksthanIhave.倍数+the+名词+of:常见名词有size,height,length,depth,age,width,weight等Eg:ChinaisalmostfivetimesthesizeofMexicoinarea.“数词-可数名词单数（-形容词）”用作定语Eg:afive-year-oldchildathree-weekvisittoSingapore序数词前不用the或省略the的情况表示“又一，再一”时Eg:Theywantedtotryasecondtime.序数词前有物主代词或名词所有格时Eg:It’smy60thbirthday.ThisisLily’stwelfthbook.“序数词+名词”构成合成形容词时Eg:Therewillbeasecond-handclothesshoponthisstreet.固定搭配Eg:atfirst,firstofall,everyfouryears序数词用作副词时Eg:Hecamefirst.例题：单项选择。1.Boysandgirls,pleaseturntoPage____andlookatthe________picture.A.Fifth;fiveB.Five;fiveC.Fifth;fifthD.Five;fifth2.Kateisaschoolgirl.Shegotmanypresentsonher__birthday.A.NineB.theninthC.ninetiethD.ninth3.Two_____students___totheopeningceremonylastFriday.A.hundreds;wereinvitedB.hundred;wereinvitedC.hundredsof;invitedD.hundredof;invited4.It'sreportedthatpeoplethrow___plasticbagsalongthisstreeteveryday.AhundredBhundredsC.hundredofD.hundredsof5.Helenlovesreading.Shehasread___booksthismonth.A.fiveB.fifthC.fiveofD.fifthof6.-Howmanypeoplewereinvitedtothemeeting?-Aboutsix______.A.HundredB.hundredsC.hundredofD.hundredsof7.Amywillhaveher_______birthdaypartynextFriday.A.twelveB.twelfthC.thetwelfth8.Thenumberofthecarsinourneighborhoodisabouteight___,and__ofthemarenewcars.A.hundred;twothirdsB.hundred;twothirdC.hundreds;twothirdsD.hundreds;twothird9.Tofinishthetask,we'vetriedthreetimes,andafterdinnerwe'lltry_______time.A.thefourthB.afourthC.fourthD.four10.Lastyear,onehundredEnglishteacherstookpartinthe__EnglishSummerTraining.A.twomonthB.two-monthsC.twomonths11.Hewenttothecitywhichwas__milesawayfromhishouse.A.threehundredB.severalhundredsC.threehundredsD.threehundredsof12.-Excuseme,howdoesthisnumber2,146read?-Itreads______.twothousandsandonehundredandfortyandsixtwothousandandonehundredandforty-sixC.twothousand,onehundredandforty-sixD.twothousands,onehundred,forty-six13._______peoplearemembersofGreenChinainourcity.A.HundredofB.HundredsofC.HundredD.Hundreds14.Thewomanhasa__child.A.threeyearsoldB.threeyearoldC.threeyears-oldD.threeyear'sold15.Ittookus__togettothetopofthemountainlastSunday.A.onehourandahalfhourB.oneandonehalfhoursC.anhourandahalfhourD.oneandahalfhours16.Mayisthe___monthofayear.A.fiftyB.fifteenC.fifthD.five17.Timeisnotenoughforthework.____peopleareneeded,Ithink.A.OthertwoB.OnlytwoC.TwoanotherD.Twomore18.The_______questionismuchmoredifficultthanthisone.AsixthB.sixC,sixteenD.sixty19.Johnbegantomakealivingbyhimself______A.inhisthirtyB.inhisthirtiesC.inthethirtyD.inthethirties20.Thecottonproductionhasincreasedby_______percentthisyearcomparedwithlastyearAfivepointsixeightB.fivepointsixty-eightfifthpaintandsixeightD.fivepointandsixeight参考答案：DDBDAABABAACBBDCDABA

形容词常见形容词后缀：-able:comfortable,suitable,enjoyable-al:natural,local,traditional-ant:pleasant,important,abundant-ary:necessary,literary,ordinary-ed:excited,warm-hearted,bored,interested-ent:independent,different-ful:hopeful,careful,wonderful,colorful-ible:terrible,horrible,possible-ing:exciting,boring,interesting-ish:foolish,selfish,childish-ive:creative,active-ious:delicious,serious,curious-ical:typical,musical,physical-less:hopeless,careless,helpless-ly:friendly,lovely-ous:famous,fabulous-some:handsome,awesome,troublesome-y:dirty,angry,hungry,rainy形容词的位置一般置于被修饰词前Eg:Ihaveasmartpet.Studentsaresobusyandtheyhavenosparetime.置于被修饰词后的情况以a-起首的形容词一般用作表语，但这类词中有些也可作后置定语，如alone,afraid,asleep,alive等。Eg:Hemustbethebestbasketballplayeralive.Heisamanafraidofnothing.形容词修饰复合不定代词，如something,anything,everyone等，需要置于其后Eg:I’dlikesomethingsweettoeat.Thereisnothingwrongwiththewatch.具有表语作用的形容词联合使用时Eg:Theboy,tired,hungryandthirsty,felldownonthestreet.Ihaveneverreadsuchanovelsoinspiringandinteresting.形容词词组（短语）作定语Eg:Thebottlefilledwithmilkismybabysister’s.Allthesearemattersworthofattention.注意：同一形容词作前置定语和后置定语时，其意义可能不同。Eg:Pleasewritedownyourpresentaddress.请写下你现在的住址。Thepeoplepresentarehisgoodfriends.在场的人是他的好朋友。形容词的比较等级原级比较：用于两者程度相同的比较在肯定句中用“as+原级形容词+as”的结构，表示前后两者的情况一样Eg:TomisastallasPeter.在否定句中用“notso/as+原级形容词+as”的结构，表示前者不如后者Eg:Sheisnotas/sobusyashersister.如果第一个so/as后的形容词作定语修饰名词，应将该名词放在第一个so/as后Eg:Wehaveplantedasmanytreesaswedidlastyear.比较级和最高级的构成规则变化构成原级比较级最高级一般在词尾加-er,-estsmartsmartersmartest以e结尾只加-r,-stnicenicernicest以“辅音字母+y”结尾的词，将y变为i再加-er,-esthappyhappierhappiest以一个辅音字母结尾的重读闭音节，双写这一辅音字母后，再加-er,-estthinthinnerthinnest部分双音节词和多音节词在词前加more,mostimportantmoreimportantmostimportant分词形容词的比较级和最高级一般在其前加more,mostinterestingmoreinterestingmostinterestingexcitingmoreexcitingmostexciting不规则变化原级比较级最高级good,wellbetterbestmany,muchmoremostlittlelessleastbad,illworseworstfarfarther（只指距离）farthest（只指距离）further（指距离也只程度）furthest（指距离也只程度）oldolder（指年龄、新旧、血缘）oldest（指年龄、新旧、血缘）elder（只指血缘）eldest（只指血缘）比较级的用法比较级+thanEg:JennyhasmorebooksthanJimmydoes.比较级+and+比较级Eg:It’sgettinghotterandhotter.the+比较级...,the+比较级Eg:Themoreyoueat,theheavieryouwillbe.the+比较级（+ofthetwo）Eg:ThelargerofthetwohousesbelongstoMissWhite.morethan（多于）,notmorethan（不比多）,lessthan（少于）,notlessthan（不少于）,less+形容词+than（不如）Eg:Ithinkdogsarelesscutethancats.Morethan500studentswillattendthemeeting.使用比较级常见错误比较的范围或对象出错Eg:ThelengthofNileislongerthanYangtzeRiver.(×)ThelengthofNileislongerthanthatofYangtzeRiver.(√)ChinaislagerthananycountryinAsia.(×)ChinaislagerthananyothercountryinAsia.(√)ChinaislagerthananycountryinAfrica.(√)“not+比较级+than”与“no+比较级+than”表达的意义完全不同。前者常常表示“一方不如另一方”，后者表示“双方都不”Eg:MySpanishisnotbetterthanyou.我的西班牙语不如你好。MySpanishisnobetterthanyou.我的西班牙语和你一样差。比较级的修饰语:much,far,byfar,still,even,no,any,alot,alittle,abit,agreatdeal,rather,twice,twothirds等Eg:Heisevenfatterthanbefore.Yourappleistwicebiggerthanmine.最高级的用法the+形容词最高级+名词+表示范围的词组或从句Eg:Herbikeisthenewestoneintheneighborhood.Frozenisthemostinterestingmovieofthethreeones.oneofthe+形容词最高级+课时数名词复数形式+表示范围的词组或从句Eg:Chinaisoneofthelargestcountriesintheworld.比较级形式表达最高级含义Eg:Mr.Blackisverygladbecausetheclothesmadeinhisfactoryhaveneverbeenmorepopular.Sheistallerthananyothergirlinherclass.=Sheistallerthantheothergirlsinherclass.=Sheistallerthantherestofthegirlsinherclass.形容词的常用句型It+be+形容词+ofsb.+不定式（强调某人的品质）Eg:It’sverykindofyoutohelpmewithmymath.It+be+形容词+forsb.+不定式（强调某物）Eg:It’sdifficultformetolearnphysicswell.主语+be+形容词+不定式Eg:Jackisalwaysreadytohelpothers.易错形容词用法解析good与well:good作定语和表语；well一般作表语，且只表示“身体好”，另外well还有副词词性。Eg:Eatingcarrotsisgoodforoureyes.--Howareyou?I’mverywell.（我身体很好）以-ing和-ed结尾的形容词:以-ing结尾的形容词一般修饰事物，而以-ed结尾的形容词则常常修饰人Eg:Thefootballgameisexciting.I’mexcited.elder和older:elder意为“年长的”，只指人，强调长幼关系，不用于than引导的比较状语从句中；older意为“年龄较大的，较旧的”，可指人和物。Eg:Sheismyeldersister.Myelderbrotheris5yearsolderthanmyyoungersister.单项选择。1.TheForbiddenCityattractsa___streamofvisitorseveryday.A.constantB.mainC.powerfulD.shallow2.Thereisn'tanairportnearwhereIlive.The__oneisabout90milesaway.A.busiestB.farthestC.newestD.nearest3.Iknowthisplanisfarfromperfect,butIjustcan'tthinkof___one.A.abetterB.thebetterC.abestD.thebest4.-It'soneofthe__thingsintheworldtostaywithfriends.-Iagree.Italwaysmakesusrelaxed.A.worstB.happiestC.busiestD.hardest5.-Howareyougettingalongwithyournewclassmates?-Verywell.Theyareall_____me.A.afraidofB.friendlytoC.angrywithD.sorryfor6.It'ssuchan____filmthatallthestudentsare___init.A.interesting;interestedB.interested;interestingC.interesting;interestingD.interested;interested7.Toprotectenvironmentis__totakecareofourlives.A.importantB.themoreimportantC.themostimportantD.asimportantas8.Thisfilmismuch_thanthatone.A.interestingB.moreinterestingC.themostinterestingD.veryinteresting9.-Isthechildanybettertoday?-Ithinkso.Histemperatureseems__now.A.highB.normalC.lowD.special10.Thenumberofthetreesaroundmyvillageisgetting__.A,largerandlargerB.higherandhighermoreandmoreD.lessandless参考答案：ADABBADBBA

副词副词的位置修饰形容词和其他副词时，一般位于被修饰词之前Eg:Hewalkedtoofast.Shecriedsoloudly.用来修饰整个句子，表示说话人的看法、态度、评论或估价时，通常用逗号与句中的其他成分隔开Eg:Luckily,thelittleboywassavedbythefiremen.副词的比较等级原级比较：用于两者程度相同的比较原级比较的句型结构在肯定句中用“as+原级副词+as”的结构，表示前后两者的情况一样Eg:TomrunsasfastasPeter.在否定句中用“not...so/as+原级副词+as”的结构，表示前者不如后者Eg:Shecan’tspeakEnglishas/sofluentlyasyou.只能修饰原级的词：very,so,too,quite等Eg:Hegotupsoearlythathecaughtthefirstbus.Itrainedquiteheavilylastnight.比较级和最高级的构成规则变化构成原级比较级最高级一般在词尾加-er,-estfastfasterfastest以“辅音字母+y”结尾的词，将y变为i再加-er,-estearlyearlierearliest部分双音节词和多音节词在词前加more,mostslowlymoreslowlymostslowlyquicklymorequicklymostquickly不规则变化原级比较级最高级wellbetterbestbadlyworseworstmuchmoremostlittlelessleastfarfarther（只指距离）farthest（只指距离）further（指距离也只程度）furthest（指距离也只程度）比较级的用法用于修饰比较级的词：much,far,byfar,still,even,no,any,alot,alittle,abit,agreatdeal,rather,twice,twothirds等Eg:Youlookevenyoungerthanbefore.Thelighttravelsmuchfasterthanthesound.句型结构比较级+thanEg:Hesangbetterthanme.比较级+and+比较级Eg:Hedrovemoreandmorecarefully.the+比较级...,the+比较级Eg:Theharderyoupractice,thebetteryou’lllearn.最高级的用法句型结构：“the+副词最高级+表示范围的词组或从句”，最高级前的定冠词the可省略。Eg:Leoruns(the)fastestinhisclass.Fiatplaysbasketball(the)bestoftheboys.易错考点toomuch和muchtootoomuch表示“太多”，修饰不可数名词或动词Eg:Don’teattoomuch.Therearetoomuchwateronthefloor.muchtoo表示“太，非常”，修饰形容词或副词Eg:Hewasmuchtoohungrysothatheate5hamburgers.Itsnowedmuchtooheavilyyesterday.enough的位置enough作副词时，置于被修饰的形容词或副词之后Eg:Ifyou’regoodenough,youwillbepraised.enough作形容词时，置于被修饰的名词之前Eg:Wecan’taffordthecarbecausewedon’thaveenoughmoney.hard和hardlyhard既可作副词也可作形容词。做副词时，意为“努力地，猛烈地，沉重地”等；作形容词时，意为“坚硬的，困难的，冷酷的”等。Eg:Studentsshouldstudyhard.Theproblemishardtosolve.hardly为副词，意为“几乎不，几乎没有”。Eg:Icanhardlybelieveit.兼有两种形式的副词与形容词同形的副词表示具体意义，带-ly的副词表示抽象意义，如:close和closely，deep和deeply，high和highly等Eg:Marystoodclosetohermother.Therainstormbroughtpeopleclosely.Theplayercanjumpveryhigh.Theyspeakhighlyofthefilm.too,aswell,also,eithertoo和aswell一般用于肯定句和疑问句中，常放句尾。too前可用逗号与句子其他成分隔开，aswell一般不可以。Eg:Mycousinlikescountrymusic,andIlikeit,too.StancanspeakEnglishandhecanspeakFrenchaswell.also主要用于肯定句和疑问句，常放句中。Eg:Benwasn’ttheonlyonewhoknewtheaccident.Ialsoknewit.either用于否定句和否定疑问句中，常放句尾。Eg:Ican’tswimandmymothercan’teither.练习：-Theboysaretalkingabouttheirvacation______.-Yes.Theyhavesomanyfunthingstoshare.A.easilyB.angrilyC.sadlyD.happily2.-Howcanyouprovetheearthislargerthanthemoon?-Ican't,sir.___,Ineversaiditwas.A.ThenB.HoweverC.BesidesD.Instead3.Weheldasportsmeetingyesterday,Kateran_amongtheplayers,A.quicklyB.morequicklyC.fasterD.fastest4.Wecanhardlybelievethatyoulearntodanceso____A.quickB.quicklyC.usefulD.usefully5.I'msorryI'mlate,Ishouldgethere10minutes___A.earlyB.earlierC.theearlierD.theearliest6.Myyoungerbrotheris_heavybecauseheofteneats_junkfood.A.muchtoo;toomanyB.toomuch;toomanyC.toomuch;toomuchD.muchtoo;toomuch7.Wewillhavetosetoff_____toavoidtheheavytraffictomorrowmorningA.earlyB.quietlyC.slowlyD.politely8.-Whodraws_________,Tom,JackorBill?-Bill.A.goodB.wellC.bestD.better9.Icould________hearwhatyousaidjustnow.Couldyoupleasesaythatagain?A.sometimesB.alwaysC.hardlyD.clearly10.Rosethinksshestudiesas______asherfriend.A.hardlyB.harderC.hardD.morehardly参考答案：DCDBBDACCC

代词人称代词人称代词主要是指代人和物的代词。有人称、数和格的变化。人称单数复数主格宾格主格宾格第一人称Imeweus第二人称youyouyouyou第三人称hehimtheythemsheheritit人称代词的句法作用人称代词作主语Eg:Wewillgoshoppingthisweekend.Sheismybestfriend.人称代词作宾语Eg:Ittookhimfivedaystofinishthetask.Theydon’tbelieveme.人称代词作介词的宾语Eg:WhenI’mintrouble,Ialwaystalkwithher.Theactorissohandsomethateveryonelooksathim.人称代词作表语Eg:Whoisknockingthedoor?It’sme.人称代词的用法人称代词we,you,they除了指一定的人以外，有时还用来泛指人们，指言者、听者或第三方Eg:Wearenotbornforourselves.Youcan’ttrustamanwhoalwaysbreakshispromise.Iftheysayyou’regood,askyourselfifitbetrue.两个或多个代词作主语时，为表示礼貌，I应放在最后Eg:YouandIarerequiredtoworktogether.人称代词it的用法代替动植物或无生命的事物Eg:I’vehadthisbikefor3years.Myfatherboughtitforme.Fishlivesunderwater.Itswimswithitstail.代替婴儿Eg:Thebabyfelldownontheground.Itmustbehurt.代替前面提到的事物Eg:Thanksforyourhelp.Don’tmentionit.代替this或thatEg:What’sthis?It’saruler.物主代词数物主代词表示所属关系，包括形容词性物主代词和名词性物主代词，有人称和数的变化，单数第三人称有性的区别。数类别人称类别人称单数复数第一人称第二人称第三人称第一人称第二人称第三人称形容词性物主代词myyourhisheritsouryourtheir名词性物主代词mineyourshishersitsoursyourstheirs物主代词的句法作用形容词性物主代词：相当于于形容词，置于名词前，作定语。Eg:Myfavoritefoodisice-cream.Lisalostherwalletlastweek.名词性物主代词：相当于名词，不能与名词连用，作主语、宾语、表语或与of连用构成双重所有格。Eg:Ourbooksareonthefirstfloorandtheirsareonthesecondfloor.（作主语）Iwilldomyjobandyoudoyours.（作宾语）What’syoursismine,andwhat’smineismyown.（作表语）It’sapictureofhers.（与of连用构成双重所有格）反身代词表示谓语动词所表示的动作返回到动作发出者本身。有人称和数的变化，单数以-self结尾，复数以-selves结尾，单数第三人称有性的区别。数人称数人称单数复数第一人称myselfourselves第二人称yourselfyourselves第三人称himselfthemselvesherselfitself反身代词的句法作用作宾语Eg:Ihopeyouwillenjoyyourselvesattheparty.Hefinishedthetaskbyhimself.作表语Eg:I’mnotquitemyselfthesedays.作同位语Eg:Youyourselftoldmethetruth.指示代词指示代词单数复数thisthesethatthose指示代词的句法作用指示代词可作主语、宾语、表语、定语等。Eg:Thisisaneffectivewaytodevelopgoodeatinghabits.（作主语）Ididn’tmeanthat.（作宾语）AllIwanttosayisthis.（作表语）Takethoseboxestoyourroom.（作定语）指示代词的用法this,these用于指代时间或空间上较近的事物;that,those用于指代时间或空间上较远的事物Eg:Thesearemycousinsandthosearemygrandparents.that,those用来指代前面所提到的名词或所说的情况，以免重复Eg:TheweatherofBeijingiscolderthanthatofGuangdong.打电话时，想对方介绍自己要用“Thisis...”。询问对方是哪位时，可用“Whoisthat?”,“Isthat...?”Eg:ThisisDan.Whoisthat?ThisisJimmy.不定代词不指明代替任何特定名词或形容词的代词叫做不定代词。不定代词具有名词和形容词的性质，并有可数和不可数的区别。常见不定代词用法：some和anysome常用于肯定句以及表示请求、建议或期望得到肯定回答的疑问句中Eg:Somestudentsareplayingfootballatschool.Wouldyoulikesomejuice?any常用于否定句和疑问句中，当any表示“任何”含义时，也可用于肯定句中Eg:Ican’tgiveyouanyadvice.Youcanborrowanyofthesebooks.many和muchmany用于修饰可数名词，much用于修饰不可数名词Eg:Wehavemanyapples,butwedon’thavemuchmilkinthefridge.all、each，everyall意为“全部，所有”，指三者或三者以上的人或物，可修饰可数名词复数和不可数名词。Eg:Allstudentsshouldtakepartinthegame.each意为“每个”，强调个体，可用于两者之间，也可用于三者或三者以上的情况，代替或修饰可数名词单数Eg:EachofusmissesMr.Blackverymuch.every意为“每个”，强调整体，用于三者或三者以上的情况，修饰可数名词单数Eg:Youneedtopracticeviolineveryday.noone，nonenoonenone指代人人或物（表示三者或三者以上“没有一个”）主语单独做主语常与of连用谓语动词单数单数或复数问句Who及含anyone,anybody的问句howmany,howmuch问句Eg:Noneofthepicturesismine.Nooneknowswhereheis.both、either和neitherboth指“两者都”，代替或修饰可数名词复数，作主语时，谓语动词用复数Eg:Bothofhisbrothersarestudyingabroad.either指“两者任一”，neither指“两者都不”，这两个词都可代替或修饰可数名词单数，作主语时，谓语动词用单数Eg:Eitherofyouissupposedtoworkwiththemathteacher.few、afew、little、alittlefew和afew是一对反义词，修饰可数名词；little和alittle也是一对反义词，修饰不可数名词。few和little表示“有少许”Eg:Icanseeafewtreesinthecity.Theyonlyhavealittlewater.few、little表示“几乎没有”，带有否定意义Eg:Thisisanoldsong,sofewyoungpeopleknowit.Wehavelittlesparetime.another、other、theother、others意义用法another泛指三者或三者以上“另一个”可单独使用，也可修饰可数名词单数other泛指“其他的”修饰可数名词复数和不可数名词theother特指“两者中的另一个”可单独使用，也可修饰可数名词单数others泛指“其他的一些”不与名词连用theothers特指“剩下的全部”不与名词连用Eg:Thedressistoosmall,pleasegivemeanotherone.Someotherclotheswillbesenttoyourhouse.Ihavetwobikes.Oneisred,theotheriswhite.Somestudentsliketalkshowsandotherslikegameshows.Sarahboughtfivebooks.Threeofthemwerestorybooksandtheotherswerefictionnovels.复合不定代词-thing-body-onesome-somethingsomebodysomeoneany-anythinganybodyanyoneevery-everythingeverybodyeveryoneno-nothingnobodynoone/none由some,any,every,no构成的复合不定代词做主语时，谓语动词用单数形式Eg:Somethingiswrongwithmycomputer.Isthereanythinginthebox?复合不定代词若有定语修饰，该定语要置于其后Eg:Ihadsomethingspecialfordinner.Doyouhaveanythingtosay?one的用法用于替代前文出现过的可数名词，以避免重复，有复数形式。Eg:Ireceivedaletterfrommyfriend,andLilyreceivedonefromherpen-pal.Mymotherdoesn’tlikeyellowflowers.Shelikesredones.泛指“人们，一个人”Eg:Oneshouldbehonest.表示具体的“一个人，一个事物”Eg:ItwastheoneIaskedfor.易错考点：it,one,thatit表示特指，指代前文所提及的事物，即“同一事物”，可指代可数和不可数名词。Eg:Althoughtheproblemisdifficult,Iwillsolveit.one表示泛指，指代前文提到的同类事物但不是同一事物，即“同类不同物”，只可指代可数名词，其复数形式为ones。Eg:Yourdressisbeautiful.Ialsowanttobuyone.that表示特指，指代前文提及的同类事物的另一个，可指代可数和不可数名词。Eg:ThepopulationofChinaislargerthanthatofAmerica.相互代词eachother和oneanother,意为“相互，互相”。相互代词只能作宾语。Eg:Weshouldhelpeachother,especiallyinthetimesofdifficulty.Myparentsoftengivegiftstooneanother.疑问代词疑问代词表示疑问，构成特殊疑问句。指人指物主语宾语表语定语who√√√√whom√√whose√√√√√√which√√√√√what√√√√√Who和whom都意为“谁”，对人物提问。介词之后只能用whom。Eg:Who/Whomdoyouneedwhenyou’reintrouble?Withwhomwillyougotothemovies?whose的用法意为“谁的”，可单独使用，在句中作主语、宾语、表语；也可置于名词前作定语。Eg:Whoseisbetter?（作主语）Whosedoyoulike?（作宾语）Whoseisthis?（作表语）Whosecompositionisthebest?（作定语）Which的用法意为“哪一”，可单独使用，在句中作主语或宾语；也可与置于名词前作定语。Eg:Whichissmarter,TomorPeter?（作主语）Whichdoyouwanttothrowaway?（作宾语）Whichoneisyourchoice?（作定语）What的用法意为“什么”，可询问天气、职业、品行、姓名、时间、颜色等Eg:What’stheweatherinShanghai?What’syourfather?Whatdoesyouryoungersisterlooklike?WhatcolorisJacky’scrayon?辨析：what和whichwhat常指没有选择范围，which指有选择范围Eg:Whatsubjectdoyoulikebest?Whichsubjectdoyoulikebest,math,EnglishorChinese?练习：1.-Frank,isthisyourping-pongbat?-No,it’snot__.Ididn'ttakeonethismorning.A.meB.myC.mineD.I2.-I'mafraidIwon'tpasstheexam.-Comeon,Bill.Youshouldbelievein__.That'sthesecretofsuccess.A.myselfB.ourselvesC.yourselfD.yourselves3.Themanstandingunderthetreeis_cousin.Hei