构词法和语义场课件-【知识精讲精研】高中英语初高中衔接

WordFormationWordFormationDiscussion：Findthetypesofwordformationinthefollowingpictures.watertheplantdisagree构词法(wordformation)合成法compounding(combiningtwoormorewords)派生法derivation

(addingaprefixorsuffix)转化法conversion(changingthepartofspeech)缩写abbreviation(abbreviating)前缀(prefix)后缀(suffix)合成法compounding合成法合成动词babysitoverlook其他合成词everyonethroughout合成名词newspaperhaircut合成形容词heartfeltkind-hearted转化法conversion1.Let’stalkaboutit.2.Ithinkwe’dbetterfinishthetalknow.3.Shegavemeaglassofwater.4.Youshouldwatertheflowerstwiceaweek.5.Sheiswearingablackdress.6.Thegirlinblackisverybeautiful.7.Tomisabraveman.8.Healwaysbravesthedifficultiesinlife.转化法动词转化为名词名词转化为动词形容词转化为名词形容词转化为动词缩略法abbreviation缩写首字母缩写单词截短assoonaspossible—ASAPWorldTradeOrganization—WTOadvertisement—adlaboratory—lab派生法derivation

(addingaprefixorsuffix)前缀(prefix)后缀(suffix)前缀（prefix）1.表示否定意义的前缀

（1-10）a.纯否定前缀：1，3-9

b.表示错误的意义:10

mistrustmis-misleadmistakec.表示“反、防、抗”的意义：2

antiwaranti-anti-pollutionanti-matterabuseincorrectdislikeillegalirregularnonstopimpatientunrealab-in-dis-il-ir-non-im-un-abnormalInexpensiveindirectDisagreedishonestillogical

illimitableIrrelativeirrationalNonpartynonsmokerImpossibleimpatientUnluckyunknown派生法derivation

Guessthemeaningunemployed unload uncover unrest unbearable

失业的

卸载

揭开

不安的，动荡的

难以忍受的disarm disconnect disobeydisappeardishonest

解除武装

断开

违反消失不诚实inability incomplete inconvenient illegal non-violent

无能

不完整的

不方便的

非法的

非暴力的

nonwhite non-member nonparty nonsense

非白人的

非会员

无党派的

无意义的话

Mislead misunderstanding misuse mis-spell mistreat

误导

误解

误用

拼错

虐待antiknock antiforeignanti-pollution

防震

排外的反污染2.表示空间位置、方向关系的前缀：（11-23,29）

insideoutsideimportexportinternetoverheadmidpointin-out-im-ex-inter-over-mid-InlandindoorOutdooroutlineImmigrateimprisonExpandExclaimInterviewinternationalOvercoatoverhearMidpositionmidnumbersupermantransportundergroundupstairsdownstairstelephonedecreasesuper-trans-under-up-down-tele-de-SupernaturalsuperpowerTransformtransplantUnderwaterunderwriteuphill

UploadDownhilldownloadTelevisiontelegraphDegradedefrost3.表示时间，序列关系的前缀：（24-28）

forecastmidnightpreviewpostwarreviewfore-mid-pre-post-re-Foretellforeseemid-autumnMid-termPrewarPrecautionpostwarpost-impressionistretell

redo4.表示比较、程度差别关系的前缀：（30、32）

5.表示共同，相等意思的前缀:31

coexistco-coauthorcooperation6.表示某种状态，构成形容词、副词或动词:33alivea-asideasleepawakeoverweightvice-presidentover-vice-overeat

over-estimatevice-chairmanvice-director7.表示“自我”：34

self-madeself-self-protectionself-taught8.表示变换词类作用的前缀:35

enableen-encourageenrich9.表示数量关系的前缀:36-43unicyclebicycletricyclesemifinalkilometermicroscopemultimediaminibusuni-bi-tri-semi-kilo-micro-multi-mini-unicornuniformbilingualtricolourtrianglesemicirclesemi-diameterkilogramkilowattmicrocomputermicrowavemulticulturalmultitalentedminiparkminiskirtencage入笼 forehead前额 inland (在)内陆 interaction互动outline 概括轮廓 overlook俯视忽略 overseas(在)海外 prefix前缀prehistory史前 transportation交通 underline划出强调 foreword前言telescope望远镜 foreknow先知 preheat预热 prepay预付retell复述 postgraduate研究生 prehistoric史前的 rewrite重写renew更新 oversleep睡过头 overpraise过奖 overwork过分努力overact行为过分 underproduction生产不足 coexist共同生存 co-worker同僚coactions合作行动 ashamed羞愧的 ahead在前面 aside在旁边alike相像 enslave奴役 enlarge扩大 semi-final半决赛kilowatt千瓦 semiconductor半导体 microscope显微镜 aside在一边multitalented多才的 multicolored多彩的ministate小国 self-taught自学的coauthor共同执笔者defame损坏名誉underwrite写在…下面，承保Guessthemeaning四、根据词缀和词根猜出下列表达中黑体词的意义，并写出意义；然后查字典核对答案。

Peoplewhomultitaskallthetimemaybetheworstatdoingtwothingsatone,anewresearchsuggests.Asyoumovearoundyourhome,takeagoodlookatthethingsyouhave.Itislikelythatyourlivingroomwillhaveatelevisionsetandavideo,andyourkitchenawashingmachineandamicrowaveoven.Whenshewasevaluatedattheendoftheyear,shewastoldtotakeatrainingcoursebecauseofherinabilitytospeakup.Auniversityeducationisofhugeanddirectbenefittotheindividual.Graduatesearnmorethannon-graduates.The19thcenturysawlandgrants（政府拨地）offeredtorailroadcompaniestobuildthetranscontinentalrailroads.UnlikeJenny,Istronglydislikethewayyoutalktoourcleaners.四、根据词缀和词根猜出下列表达中黑体词的意义，并写出意义；然后查字典核对答案。

Peoplewhomultitaskallthetimemaybetheworstatdoingtwothingsatone,anewresearchsuggests.

Asyoumovearoundyourhome,takeagoodlookatthethingsyouhave.Itislikelythatyourlivingroomwillhaveatelevisionsetandavideo,andyourkitchenawashingmachineandamicrowaveoven.

Whenshewasevaluatedattheendoftheyear,shewastoldtotakeatrainingcoursebecauseofherinabilitytospeakup.

一项新的研究表明，一心多用的人可能最差。当你在家里四处走动时，好好看看你拥有的东西。很可能你的客厅里有一台电视机和一台录像机，你的厨房里有洗衣机和微波炉。当她在年底接受评估时，她被告知要参加一个培训课程，因为她不能说话。四、根据词缀和词根猜出下列表达中黑体词的意义，并写出意义；然后查字典核对答案。

Auniversityeducationisofhugeanddirectbenefittotheindividual.Graduatesearnmorethannon-graduates.

The19thcenturysawlandgrants（政府拨地）offeredtorailroadcompaniestobuildthetranscontinentalrailroads.

UnlikeJenny,Istronglydislikethewayyoutalktoourcleaners.大学教育对个人有巨大的直接利益。大学毕业生比非大学毕业生挣得多。19世纪出现了政府拨地被提供给铁路公司建造横贯大陆的铁路。与珍妮不同，我非常不喜欢你和我们的清洁工说话的方式。后缀（suffix）派生法derivation

1.Asian2.Russian3.English4.musician5.assistant6.employee7.singer8.engineer9.actor10.beggar11.Chinese12.hostess13.artist14.marriage15.arrival16.performance17.frequency18.reality19.possibility20.freedom21.bravery22.childhood23.building24.action25.invitation26.decision27.treatment28.kindness29.friendship30.truth31.failure32.aircraft33.factory34.comfortable35.terrible36.natural37.important38.excellent39.interesting40.interested41.selfish42.expensive43.childish44.childlike45.handsome46.cloudy47.lively48.helpful49.dangerous50.golden51.western55.useless52.thirteen53.fifty54.fourth56.modernize57.weaken58.beautify59.possibly60.upwardSuffixforn.Suffixforadj.Suffixfornum.Suffixforv.Suffixforadv.后缀（suffix）1、名词后缀a.表示人或语言、国籍-ian,-ish,-ant,-ee,-er,-eer,-or,-ar,-ese,-ess,-istb.其他名词后缀-age,-al,-ance,-cy,-ty,-dom,-ry,

-hood,-ing,-ion,-ation,-sion,ment,-ness,-ship,-th,-ure,-craft,-ory2、形容词后缀a.表示否定意义-lessb.其他形容词后缀-able,-ible,-al,-ant,-ent,-ing,-ed,

-ish,-sive,-like,-some,-y,-ly,-ful,

-ous,-en,-ern,-teen,-ty,-th3、动词后缀”使…化；使…成为”-ize,-en,-fy4、副词后缀-ly,-ward后缀（suffix）四、uselessheavilyinventor，inventionssatisfiedbeautifywoodendecisionkindness

wonderful

introduction

successful

certainly

meaningful

gradually

slowly

amazingPracticeofwordformationAddprefixorsuffixtotherootandcreateasmanywordsaspossible.actactoractressactionactiveinactiveactivityinteractinteractionreactreactionoveractunderactactivistenactPracticeofwordformationTellthemeaningsandpartofspeechofthefollowingwordsandfillthemintheblank.1.PerhapsIcanofferafewwordsof____________________tothosewhodidn’twinanyprizethis

time.2.Don’tleta

busy

arrangement_____________

youfrommaking

some

greatchangesinthewayyoueatand

live!3.Pickyourself

up.____________

isdoingwhatyou’reafraidtodo.

4.Storesnoticethatthesmellofbakedgoods____________

shopping.5.WhyiswinningOlympicmedalsso____________.courage,discourage,discouraged,discouraging,encourage,encouraged,encouragement,

encouragingencouragementdiscourageCourageencouragesencouragingPracticeofwordformationTellthemeaningsandpartofspeechofthefollowingwordsandfillthemintheblank.courage,discourage,discouraged,discouraging,encourage,encouraged,encouragement,

encouraging6.Weshouldn’t

get

____________________________rightafterfailures.7.Unfortunately,theresultoftheeventis_____________.8.___________byhisnew-foundsuccess,Joemovedquicklythroughoutthe

room.discourageddiscouragingEncouragedIknowtherewillbeamonitor(1)_________(elect)inourclassnextweek.I’mgoingtoapply(2)_________thisposition.I’mLiHua(3)_________BeijingNo.12JuniorHighSchool.Iwanttodosomethingformyourclass,andthat’sthereason(4)_________Iapplyfortheposition.IthinkI’m(5)_________(qualify)forthepost.First,I’moutgoingand(6)_________(society).Soit’seasyforme(7)_________(get)onwellwithmyclassmatesaswellasmysuperiors,(8)_________isgoodforthejob.What’smore,I(9)_________(work)asmonitorinjuniorhighforthreeyears.(10)_____________,I’mexperiencedinarrangingclassactivities,copingwithchallengesand(11)_________(organize)students.Hopemy(12)_____________(apply)maywinyourapproval.Thankyouforyourtimeand(13)_______________(consider).AndI’mlookingforwardtoyourearlyreply.electionforfromwhyqualifiedsociabletogetwhichworkedTherefore/Soorganizingapplicationconsiderationabsence缺席 actress女演员 admission准许入内 applicable可应用的 bloody血淋淋的 boyish 像男孩的 chemist化学家 clockwise顺时针的 countless数不清的 daily每日的 decisive决定性的 depth 深度 efficiency高效率 employee雇员 endless无尽的 examinee应试人 fatherly慈父般的 forgetful健忘的 geologist地质学家 handicraft手工艺品 harden(使)硬化 hardship苦难 hopeless无望的 impressive给人印象深刻的judgment判断 kingdom王国 length长度 liar撒谎者 lively精力满满的 magician魔术师 manhood成年时代 marriage婚姻 Marxism马克思主义 modernize现代化 mountainous多山的 notice注意 obedience服从 observatory天气观测站observer观察者 operator操作人员 opposition反对 orderly有秩序的 physician内科医生physicist物理学家 politician政客 presence出席 priceless无价的，贵重的progressive进步的purify净化quicken加速 reality真实 realize实现 refusal拒绝 scholar学者 scholarly勤奋好学的servant仆人 sideways往…一侧 simplify简化 slavery奴隶制 smelly臭臭的 socialism社会主义 strength力

量 technician技师 trial试验 troublesome麻烦的 visible可见的 warmth温度 weaken削弱weakness缺点 width 宽度 wisdom智慧 wooden木质的 语义场SemanticField

/sɪˈmæntɪk/

Inlinguistics(/lɪŋˈɡwɪstɪks/语言学),asemantic/sɪˈmæntɪk/

fieldisagroupofwordswithrelatedmeanings.Thewordsinasemanticfieldareusuallypartofacategory/ˈkætəɡəri/,suchasagricultural(/ˌæɡrɪˈkʌltʃərəl/)wordsorweatherwords.WhatisaSemanticField?PracticeExs1:Crossout

the

word

which

doesn’t

belong

to

the

same

semantic

fieldastheotherwordsandwritedownthewordof

each

group’sfield.e.g.PracticeCrossout

the

word

which

doesn’t

belong

to

the

same

semantic

fieldastheotherwordsandwritedownthewordof

each

group’sfield.Relativity(/ˌreləˈtɪvəti/联系性)e.g.Iemon（fruit,

color）Hierarchy(/ˈhaɪərɑːki/层次性)e.g.creatures –animal, –fish, –bird, –reptile, –insect, –human…WhatisthefeatureofSemanticField?relatedmeaningsHowcanweclassify(分类)thewords?What’sthestandard?synonymy（/sɪˈnɒnɪmi/同义关系）antonymy（/ænˈtɒnɪmɪ/反义关系）

pronunciation,wordform,wordformation,partofspeech（词性）PracticeExs2:Writeatleast3wordsthathavethesameorsimilarmeaningasthefollowingwords.1.say:_____________________________________

2.see:_____________________________________3.afraid:___________________________________4.happy:___________________________________5.cost:____________________________________shout,speak,