英语中考一轮复习之被动语态讲义

被动语态★语法清单1.被动语态的含义及用法语态:是动词的一种形式，用来说明句子主语和谓语动词之间的关系。主动语态:主语是谓语动词的使动方。被动语态:主语是动作的承受者。II.被动语态的结构1.基本构成:主语+be+done+其他2.常考的各种时态的被动语态结构时态谓语动词结构示例一般现在时am/is/are+doneEnglishiswidelyusedaroundtheworld. 一般过去时was/were+doneThiscakewasmadebymymother. 一般将来时willbe+doneAnewhospitalwillbebuiltinourcitynextyear. 含情态动词的被动语态can/could/would...+donePapercanberecycledtoprotecttheenvironment. III.主动语态与被动语态的转换1.基本句式“主语+谓语+宾语”的转换主动句变为被动句的步骤:Step1.主变宾，宾变主Step2.谓语变成be+doneStep3.其他不变，后检查2.带双宾语的动词变被动语态1)可将间接宾语变为被动结构的主语，直接宾语不变。Mygrandmagavemeapresentyesterday.→Iwasgivenapresent(bymygrandma)yesterday.也可以将直接宾语变为被动结构的主语，这时，应在间接宾语前加介词to或for。Myfatherboughtmeanewcomputer.→Anewcomputerwasboughtforme(bymyfather).IV.易错点1.主动形式表示被动意义:open,lock,write,sell,clean,wash,cut,burn,drive等词做不及物动词，且主语是物时，可用主动语态表示被动意义:如:Thispenwritesverysmoothly.感官系动词表示被动意义:look,sound,taste,smell,feel如:Schooluniformslookgoodonus.使役动词make/let/have和感官动词hear/watch/see/hear变被动to还原。如:Hesawmeleaveourclassroomyesterday.→Iwasseentoleaveourclassroombyhimyesterday4.need,want,require,deserve,beworth等后接doing主动表被动考点解读Part1.被动中be的考查典例精讲(2020陕西·语法完形28)Inhiseighties,hewasstilldoingthesamejob.Thatwaswhyhebythefilmdirector.A.invitesB.invitedC.isinvitedD.wasinvited解析：被动语态是陕西历年中考的必考点。在语法完形填空中侧重于考查对主被动关系的判断及不同时态下的语态形式。若选项含有“bedone”形式，则可初步判断考查被动语态，根据主语和谓语动词的主被动关系排除主动形式，再根据句子的时态确定be形。如上题，选项出现bedone，那我们有先考虑含有被动的选项。主语he与谓语动词invite是被动关系，应用被动语态。又根据“Thatwaswhy”可知应用一般过去时，故正确答案为D。分点突破单项选择-Helen,Ididn'tseeJohnatyourbirthdayparty.-Oh,sorry!He______byme.A.isn'tinvited B.didn'tinvite C.weren'tinvitedD.wasn'tinvited2.Chinesebymoreandmorepeoplearoundtheworld.A.isspoken B.spoke C.arespoken D.speaks 3.Lookatthepicture.ThetopfiveTVplays_______init.A.list B.arelisted C.willlist D.willbelisted 4.Theboy_anotherEnglishcourseinamonth.A.willbestudied B.isstudying C.studied D.willstudy 5.Manypeoplethinkthatbadly-behavedtravelerssothattheywon'tbehavethatwayagain.A.shouldpunish B.shouldbepunished C.mustn'tbepunished D.mustpunish6.ThiskindofiPad____inourshop.Itverywellandmanyyoungpeoplelikeit.A.sells;sells B.issold;sells C.sells;issold D.issold;issold 真题在线1.(陕西·完形填空29)HeheldJohn'shandsandsaid,"Thankstoyourhelp,mymotherwell."A.treats B.istreating C.wastreated D.willbetreated 2.(陕西·完形填空29)Later,manypeoplebythisstory.ButAmythoughtitwasnothing.A.wasmoved B.weremoved C.ismoved D.aremoved 3.(天津)TheHongKong-Zhuhai-MacaoBridgein2018.Weareproudofit.A.iscompleted B.iscompleting C.wascompleted D.completes4.(重庆)The2022WinterOlympicGamesinChina.I'msureitwillbeagreatsuccess.A.hold B.willhold C.wereheld D.willbeheld 5.(西安交大附中九年级第二次月考·完形填空8)WebytheteachertochangetheplacesandIfounditwasaballwithdifferentcolor.areasked B.wereasked C.asked D.wasasked6.(铁一中九年级第一次月考·完形填空6)Duringmyhighschooldays,Iwasabitnaughty,soI____tobelongtolowersectionofintelligenceinourschool.A.think B.amthought C.thought D.wasthought 7.(高新第一中学九年级期末)-Idon'tthinkteenagersshould___mobilephonedatschool.-___.Theyreallyhaveabadinfluenceonourstudy.beallowedtouse;IagreewithyouB.beallowedtouse;NotatallC.allowusing;NoproblemD.allowusing;It'smypleasurePart2.被动中done的考查典例精讲(短文填空66)he,go,take,race,world,difficult,well,wide,have,beInMay,hehadbadluckbecausehehurthimselfbyaccidentwhilehewaspreparingforthisyear'sTokyoWorldChampionships.Hewastothehospital.解析：短文填空侧重于考查对主被动关系的判断及be动词后的done形。在短文填空中如果空前出现了be形，则一般填动词的现在分词构成进行时态，或填动词的过去分词构成被动语态。先判断所需动词和主被动关系，然后确定动词的形式。如上题，根据前一句确定空处所选单词为take，又因为he与动词take是被动关系，应用被动语态，故答案为taken。分点突破用所给单词的适当形式填空1.Somenewsupermarketsweresetup(setup)inourcommunitylastyear.2.Lookout!Something_isfalling_(fall)downfromthebuilding.3.Somethingmustbedone(do)tostopthesaleofsharkfins(鱼翅).4.Thetwogirlsweretaught__(teach)howtosingonemonthagoandnowtheycansingwell.5.It'sacustominChinatohavesometeaorotherdrinksbeforethemeal__isserved______(serve).6.Hegave(give)somepiecesofadvicewhenhewasyoung,buthedidn'tlisten(notlisten)tothem.真题在线(陕西·短文填空68)meter,stop,one,can,take,wait,your,sell,slow,wifeShetoldmethattherewasonlyonesweetpotatoleftandshewouldn'tgohomeuntilallthesweetpotatoeswere_sold_.2.(陕西·短文填空67)he,happy,baby,save,arm,volunteer,clean,quick,work,turnAfterashortwhile,hesucceededingettingthepieceofpearoutofhermouthandthebabybegantocry.Hermomwassothankfulbecauseherdaughterwassaved.3.(太原·词语应用70)by,take,quick,exciting,return,without,he,rule,which,result,achieve,differentWishingtomakeprogressonthepiano,oneday,aboywastakentoaPaderewski'sconcertbyhismother.4.(西工大附中九年级第二次适应性训练·短文填空49)you,begin,angry,strong,honest,parent,cause,try,two,silentIwastheonewhobrokethewindow.Ididn'tdoitonpurpose.Itwas_caused__byabadthrowofabaseball.Whydidithavetobedone?5.(西工大附中九年级第一次月考·短文填空75)at,but,be,clean,man,usual,write,because,marry,giveQueenVictoriawroteheralettertosaythanks,Shewasgiventhehonor(荣誉)OrderofMerit,becomingthefirstwomantoreceiveit.6.(师大附中第八次模考·短文填空72)sell,far,educate,accept,work,be,become,hard,good,himSixyearslaterhewasacceptedbyHarvardBusinessSchoolforhisexcellentgrades.综合训练1.单项选择1.Thetask___inanhour.Thenwecangohomeandhaveagoodrest.A.wasfinished B.willbefinished C.hasbeenfinished D.can'tbefinished 2.Buscards__inXi'ansinceseveralyearsago.A.havebeenused B.haveused C.used D.wereused3.Comeon,boysandgirls.I'msureyou__thebasketballgames.A.win B.willbewon C.willwin D.havewon 4.-Rose,haveyou____outwhenthePeople'sRepublicofChinawas_____?-Yes,on1stOctober1949.A.founded;founded B.find;founded C.find;found D.found;founded 11.完成句子1.这件裙子是丝绸造的。Thisdressismadeofsilk.2.孩子们不被允许在这里游泳。Childrenaren’tallowedtoswimhere.3.我们学校每年都会组织很多有教育意义的活动Manyeducationalactivitiesareorganizedinourschooleveryyear.4.希望事情能够成功地解决。Hopethingscan_besolvedsuccessfully.5.假如新能源的使用更加广泛，环境污染将会大为减少。Ifnewenergyismorewidelyused,therewillbemuchlesspollution.6.根据奶奶的建议，这汤应该煮上两个小时以上，Thesoupshouldbeboiled__formorethantwohoursaccordingtoGrandma'sadvice.III.句型转换(将下列主动句改写成被动句)1.ManykidsoftensingtheLittleApple.TheLittleAppleisoftensangbymanykids.2.Machinesandrobotswilldoalltheheavyanddifficultjobsinthefuture.Alltheheavyanddifficultjobswillbedonebymachinesandrobotsinthefuture.3.Isawsomeboysplayfootballintheplayground.Someboyswereseentoplayfootballintheplaygroundbyme.Shegavemeabook.Abookwasgiventome.IV.根据短文内容，用括号内所给动词的适当形式填空，必要时可加助动词或情态动词。AspecialredbridgewasfoundedintheLakeDistrict,Britain.Thewholebridgeusednoglueorbolts(螺钉).It1.wasmade(make)ofpapercomplete