1988英语考研真题

年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语试题 PAGE41988年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语试题SectionI StructureandVocabularyIneachquestion,decidewhichofthefourchoicesgivenwillmostsuitablycompletethesentenceifinsertedattheplacemarked.PutyourchoicesintheANSWERSHEET.(15points)EXAMPLE:Iwascaught________therainyesterday.[A]in[B]by[C]with[D]atANSWER:[A]1. Ididn’tbuytheapples;shegavethemtome________nothing.[A]with[B]as[C]for[D]by2. It’s________mypowertomakefinaldecisiononthematter.[A]off[B]outside[C]above[D]beyond3. IshouldsayHenryisnot________muchawriterasareporter.[A]that[B]so[C]this[D]as4. Iwon’tpay20forthecoat;it’snotworth________.[A]allthatmuch[B]thatmuchall[C]thatallmuch[D]muchallthat5. Hedidn’tgointodetailonthesubject;hespoke________.[A]incommon[B]ingeneral[C]inparticular[D]inshort6. It’struethattheoldroadislessdirectandabitlonger.Wewon’ttakethenewone,________,becausewedon’tfeelassafeonit.[A]somehow[B]though[C]therefore[D]otherwise7. Whenyouareaboutthroughthestory________,trytomakeaguesshowtheplotwilldevelop.[A]half[B]midway[C]halfway[D]one-half8. Thoughalreadyateenager,Peterstillfindsithardto________hisfavoritetoys.[A]partoff[B]partwith[C]partaway[D]partfrom9. Strenuouseffortshavebeenmadeto________governmentexpensestoadesirablelevel.[A]cutdown[B]cutshort[C]cutout[D]cutoff10. Whenataparty,besurenotto________fromthepersonwhotriestoengageyouinconversation.[A]turndown[B]turnaway[C]turnoffItdoesn’tcomeasasurprisetoyoutorealizethatitmakesnodifferencewhatyoureadorstudyifyoucan’trememberit.Youjustwasteyourvaluabletime.Maybeyouhavealreadydiscoveredsomecleverwaystokeepyourselffromforgetting.Onedependableaidthatdoeshelpyourememberwhatyoustudyistohaveaspecificpurposeorreasonforreading.Yourememberbetterwhatyoureadwhenyouknowwhyyou’rereading.Whydoesaclerkinastoregoawayandleaveyouwhenyourreplytoheroffertohelpis,“No,thankyou.I’mjustlooking”?Bothyouandsheknowthatifyouaren’tsurewhatyouwant,youarenotlikelytofindit.Butsupposeyousayinstead,“Yes,thankyou.Iwantapairofsunglasses.”Shesays,“Rightthisway,please.”Andyouandsheareoff--botheagertolookforexactlywhatyouwant.It’squitethesamewithyourstudying.Ifyouchoseabookatrandom,“justlooking”fornothinginparticular,youarelikelytogetjustthat--nothing.Butifyoudoknowwhatyouwant,andifyouhavetherightbook,youarealmostsuretogetit.Yourreasonswillvary;theywillincludereadingorstudying“tofindoutmoreabout”,“tounderstandthereasonsfor”,“tofindouthow”.Agoodstudenthasaclearpurposeorreasonforwhatheisdoing.Thisisthewayitworks.Beforeyoustarttostudy,yousaytoyourselfsomethinglikethis,“IwanttoknowwhyStephenVincentBenethappenedtowriteaboutAmerica.I’mreadingthisarticletofindout.”Or,“I’mgoingtoskimthisstorytoseewhatlifewaslikeinmedievalEngland.”Becauseyouknowwhyyouarereadingorstudying,yourelatetheinformationtoyourpurposeandrememberitbetter.Readingisnotonesingleactivity.Atleasttwoimportantprocessesgoonatthesametime.Asyouread,youtakeinideasrapidlyandaccurately.Butatthesametimeyouexpressyourownideastoyourselfasyoureacttowhatyouread.Youhaveakindofmentalconversationwiththeauthor.Ifyouexpressedyourideasorally,theymightsoundlikethis:“Yes,Iagree.That’smyopiniontoo.”or“Ummmm,Ithoughtthatrecordwasbrokenmuchearlier.I’dbettercheckthosedates,”or“Buttherearesomeotherfactstobeconsidered!”Youdon’tjustsittheretakinginideas--youdosomethingelse,andthatsomethingelseisveryimportant.Thisadditionalprocessofthinkingaboutwhatyoureadincludesevaluatingit,relatingittowhatyoualreadyknow,andusingitforyourownpurposes.Inotherwords,agoodreaderisacriticalreader.Onepartofcriticalreading,asyouhavediscovered,isdistinguishingbetweenfactsandopinions.Factscanbecheckedbyevidence.Opinionsareone’sownpersonalreactions.Anotherpartofcriticalreadingisjudgingsources.Stillanotherpartisdrawingaccurateinferences.16. Ifyoucannotrememberwhatyoureadorstudy,________.[A]itisnosurprise[B]itmeansyouhavenotreallylearnedanything[C]itmeansyouhavenotchosentherightbook[D]yourealizeitisofnoimportance17. Beforeyoustartreading,itisimportant________.[A]tomakesurewhyyouarereading[B]torelatetheinformationtoyourpurpose[C]torememberwhatyouread[D]tochooseaninterestingbook18. Readingactivityinvolves________.[A]onlytwosimultaneousprocesses[B]primarilylearningaboutideasandevaluatingthemcritically[C]merelydistinguishingbetweenfactsandopinions[D]mainlydrawingaccurateinferences19. Agoodreaderisonewho________.[A]relateswhathereadstohisownknowledgeaboutthesubjectmatter[B]doeslotsofthinkinginhisreading[C]takesacriticalattitudeinhisreading[D]isabletocheckthefactspresentedagainstwhathehasalreadyknownText2Ifyouliveinalargecity,youarequitefamiliarwithsomeoftheproblemsofnoise,butbecauseofsomeofitsharmfuleffects,youmaynotbeawareoftheextentofitsinfluenceonhumanbehavior.Althougheveryonemoreorlessknowswhatnoiseis,i.e.,itissoundsthatonewouldrathernothear,itisperhapsbesttodefineitmorepreciselyforscientificpurposes.Onesuchdefinitionisthatnoiseissoundsthatareunrelatedtothetaskathand.Thusstimulithatatonetimemightbeconsideredrelevantwillatanothertimebeconsiderednoise,dependingonwhatoneisdoingatthemoment.Inrecentyearstherehasbeenagreatdealofinterestintheeffectsofnoiseonhumanbehavior,andconceptssuchas“noisepollution”havearisen,togetherwithmovementstoreducenoise.Exposuretoloudnoisescandefinitelyproduceapartialorcompletelossofhearing,dependingontheintensity,duration,andfrequencycompositionofthenoise.Manyjobspresentnoisehazards,suchasworkinginfactoriesandaroundjetaircraft,drivingfarmtractors,andworking(orsitting)inmusichallswhererockbandsareplaying.Ingeneral,continuousexposuretosoundsofover80decibels(ameasureoftheloudnessofsound)canbeconsidereddangerous.Decibelvaluescorrespondtovarioussounds.Soundsaboveabout85decibelsmay,ifexposureisforasufficientperiodoftime,producesignificanthearingloss.Actuallosswilldependupontheparticularfrequenciestowhichoneisexposed,andwhetherthesoundiscontinuousorintermittent.Noisecanhaveunexpectedharmfuleffectsonperformanceofcertainkindsoftasks,forinstance,ifoneisperformingawatchkeepingtaskthatrequiresvigilance,inwhichheisresponsiblefordetectingweaksignalsofsomekind(e.g.,watchingaradarscreenfortheappearanceofaircraft).Communicatingwithotherpeopleisunfavorablyaffectedbynoise.Ifyouhaveriddenintherearofajettransport,youmayhavenoticedthatitwasdifficulttocarryonaconversationatfirst,andthat,eventually,youadjustedtheloudnessofyourspeechtocompensatefortheeffect.Theproblemisnoise.20. Noisediffersfromsoundinthat________.[A]itissoundsthatinterferewiththetaskbeingdone[B]itisaspecialtypeofloudsound[C]itisusuallyunavoidableinbigcities[D]itcanbedefinedmorepreciselythanthelatter21. Oneoftheharmfuleffectsofnoiseonhumanperformanceisthat________.[A]itreducesone’ssensitivity[B]itrendersthevictimhelpless[C]itdeprivesoneoftheenjoymentofmusic[D]itdrownsoutconversationsatworksites22. Thepurposeofthispassageis________.[A]todefinetheeffectsofnoiseonhumanbehavior[B]towarnpeopleofthedangerofnoisepollution[C]togiveadviceastohowtopreventhearingloss[D]totellthedifferencebetweennoiseandsoundText3Thetraditionalbeliefthatawoman’splaceisinthehomeandthatawomanoughtnottogoouttoworkcanhardlybereasonablymaintainedinpresentconditions.Itissaidthatitisawoman’stasktocareforthechildren,butfamiliestodaytendtobesmallandwithayearortwobetweenchildren.Thusawoman’swholeperiodofchildbearingmayoccurwithinfiveyears.Furthermore,withcompulsoryeducationfromtheageoffiveorsixherroleaschiefeducatorofherchildrensoonceases.Thus,evenifweagreethatawomanshouldstayathometolookafterherchildrenbeforetheyareofschoolage,formanywomen,thisperiodwouldextendonlyforabouttenyears.Itmightbearguedthatthehouse-proudwomanwouldstillfindplentytodoaboutthehome.Thatmaybeso,butitiscertainlynolongernecessaryforawomantospendherwholelifecooking,cleaning,mendingandsewing.Washingmachinestakethedrudgeryoutoflaundry,thelatestmodelsbeingentirelyautomaticandabletowashanddryalargequantityofclothesinafewminutes.Refrigeratorshavemadeitpossibletostorefoodforlongperiodsandmanypre-cookedfoodsareobtainableintins.Shopping,insteadofbeingadailytask,canbecompletedinonedayaweek.Thenewman-madefibersaremorehardwiringthannaturalfibersandgreatlyreducemending,whilegoodready-madeclothesarecheapandplentiful.Apartfromwomen’sownhappiness,theneedsofthecommunitymustbeconsidered.Modernsocietycannotdowellwithoutthecontributionthatwomencanmakeinprofessionsandotherkindsofwork.Thereisaseriousshortageofnursesandteachers,tomentiononlytwooftheoccupationsfollowedbywomen.Itisextremelywastefultogiveyearsoftrainingatpublicexpenseonlytohavethequalifiedteacherornursemarryafterayearortwoandbelostforevertoherprofession.Thetraining,itistrue,willhelpherindutiesasamother,butifshecontinuedtowork,herservicewouldbemorewidelyuseful.Manyfactoriesandshops,too,arelargelystaffedbywomen,manyofthemmarried.Whileherethequestionoftrainingisnotsoimportant,industryandtradewouldbeseriouslyshortofstaffifmarriedwomendidnotwork.23. Theauthorholdsthat________.[A]therightplaceforallwomen,marriedorotherwise,isthehome,notelsewhere[B]allmarriedwomenshouldhavesomeoccupationoutsidethehome[C]amarriedwomanshouldgivefirstprioritytoherdutiesasamother[D]itisdesirableforuneducatedmarriedwomentostayathomeandtakecareofthefamily24. Ahouse-proudwoman________.[A]woulddevoteherwholelifetoherfamily[B]wouldtakeherownhappinessandthatofherfamilyasherchiefconcern[C]wouldstillneedsomespecialtrainingatpublicexpensetohelpherinherdutiesasahousewife[D]wouldtakefulladvantageofmodernhouseholdappliances25. Accordingtotheauthor,modernsociety________.[A]canoperatejustaswellevenwithoutwomenparticipation[B]hasbeengreatlyhamperedinitsdevelopmentbytheshortageofwomennursesandwomenteachers[C]cannotoperateproperlywithoutthecontributionofwomen[D]willbeseriouslyaffectedbythecontinuingshortageofworkingwomeninheavyindustriesandinternationaltradeSectionIII CloseTestForeachnumberedblankinthefollowingpassagetherearefourchoiceslabeled[A],[B],[C],and[D].ChoosethebestoneandputyourchoiceintheANSWERSHEET.Readthewholepassagebeforemakingyourchoice.(10points)In1620,asmallsailboatnamedtheMayflowerleftEnglandfortheNewWorld.TheMayflowerheadedfortheJamestowncolonyonthewarmshoreofVirginia.ItsonehundredpassengerswerethePilgrims.TheywerelookingforaplacewheretheycouldworshipGodEQ\X\BO(大26家).Becauseofstrongwindsandseverestorms,theMayflowerlostitsEQ\X\BO(大27家).ThebravegroupofcolonistsfinallyhadtolandatPlymouthontherockycoastofMassachusettsinDecember1620.Itwasthemiddleofthesternnorthernwinter.EQ\X\BO(大28家)monthsofstarvation,disease,anddeathwereaheadofthem.OnlythestrongestofthepilgrimsEQ\X\BO(大29家)thatwinter.Manywomengavetheirownpitifulrationstotheirchildrenanddiedforlackoffoodforthemselves.LivingEQ\X\BO(大30家)begantoimproveinthespringof1621.Therewerewildvegetables.Therewereberriesandfruit.Fishandgamewereplentiful.Therefore,theywereabletogetenoughfreshmeatdespitetheirlackofskillorexperienceinhuntingandfishing.Thecolonists’healthEQ\X\BO(大31家)withthewarmweatherandtheirbetterdiet.Inthefall,theylookbackEQ\X\BO(大32家)thepastyear.Theywerebothregretfulandthankful.Onlyfiftyoftheoriginalonehundredpassengersremained.Thepriceinhumanlifeandtragedyhadbeengreat.Ontheotherhand,theysawnewhopeforthefuture.AsplendidharvestwasEQ\X\BO(大33家)them.Theywerereadyforthesecondwinterwithconfidence.Theyhadelevencrudehousesforprotectionagainsttheseverewinter.Sevenwereforfamilies,andfourwereforcommunaluse.EQ\X\BO(大34家),theyhadestablishedatreatyoffriendshipwiththeirIndianneighborsunderChiefMassasoitinthesummer.Thewoodsandforestsbecamesafe.WhentheMayflowerreturnedtoEnglandthatsummer,therewerenocolonistsEQ\X\BO(大35家).Attheendoftheirfirstyearintheirnewhome,thePilgrimswantedtocelebratewitharealholiday.ItwastheirfirstThanksgivingDay.26. [A]intheirownstyle[B]intheirownway[C]ontheirown[D]oftheirown27. [A]course[B]route[C]passage[D]channel28. [A]Uncomfortable[B]Bad[C]Unfavourable[D]Terrible29. [A]passed[B]sustained[C]survived[D]spent30. [A]situations[B]environments[C]conditions[D]circumstances31. [A]strengthened[B]regained[C]recovered[D]improved32. [A]in[B]of[C]over[D]at33. [A]on[B]behind[C]for[D]beyond34. [A]Bestofall[B]Forthebest[C]Totheirbest[D]Allinall35. [A]ashore[B]around[C]about[D]aboardSectionIV Error-detectionandCorrectionEachofthefollowingsentenceshasfourunderlinedparts.Thesepartsarelabeled[A],[B],[C]and[D].IdentifythepartofthesentencethatisincorrectandputyourchoiceintheANSWERSHEET.Then,withoutalteringthemeaningofthesentence,writedownyourcorrectiononthelineintheANSWERSHEET.(10points)EXAMPLE:You’vetohurryupifyouwanttobuysomethingeq\o(because,\s\do14(A))eq\o(there’s,\s\do14(B))hardlyeq\o(something,\s\do14(C))eq\o(left,\s\do14(D)).ANSWER:[C]anything36. Theunionandthemanagementarehavingsucheq\o(adifficult,\s\do14(A))timeeq\o(agreeing,\s\do14(B))onacontracteq\o(for,\s\do14(C))theforthcomingyearthattheworkerseq\o(maygoonstrike,\s\do14(D)).37. Hegotup,walkedeq\o(across,\s\do14(A))theroom,andeq\o(with,\s\do14(B))asharpquickmovementeq\o(flung,\s\do14(C))thedooreq\o(widelyopen,\s\do14(D)).38. Hisvictoryeq\o(inthefinal,\s\do14(A))waseq\o(nomore,\s\do14(B))eq\o(convinced,\s\do14(C))thanIhadeq\o(expected,\s\do14(D)).39. Becausethereareeq\o(less,\s\do14(A))memberspresenttonighteq\o(than,\s\do14(B))thereeq\o(were,\s\do14(C))lastnight,wemustwaituntilthenexteq\o(voting,\s\do14(D)).40. We’vegivenhimeq\o(just,\s\do14(A))abouteverythingheeq\o(asked;,\s\do14(B))whatevereq\o(else,\s\do14(C))eq\o(can,\s\do14(D))hewant?41. Ineq\o(note-taking,\s\do14(A)),astrictdisciplinehastobeeq\o(kept,\s\do14(B))andallinessentialdetailseq\o(ignored,\s\do14(C))unnecessarywordseq\o(eliminated,\s\do14(D)).42. Whenthetankcareq\o(carried,\s\do14(A))thepoisonousgaseq\o(ranoff,\s\do14(B))therails,thefirementriedtoisolatethevillageeq\o(from,\s\do14(C))alleq\o(traffic,\s\do14(D)).43. eq\o(Tobe,\s\do14(A))frank,eq\o(that,\s\do14(B))isagreatreliefeq\o(tohavethetaskfulfilled,\s\do14(C))ineq\o(soshortatime,\s\do14(D)).44. eq\o(At,\s\do14(A))aminimum,thenegotiatorsareeq\o(hopingofachieving,\s\do14(B))anagreementeq\o(inprinciple,,\s\do14(C))withdetailstoeq\o(beworkedout,\s\do14(D))later.45. Itiseq\o(encouraging,\s\do14(A))eq\o(tonote,\s\do14(B))thatinrecentyears,cigarettesmokershavebeeneq\o(inthedecline,\s\do14(C)),especiallyamongeq\o(older,\s\do14(D))people.SectionV VerbFormsFillintheblankswiththeappropriateformsoftheverbsgiveninthebrackets.PutyouranswerintheANSWERSHEET.(10points)EXAMPLE:Itishighlydesirablethatanewpresident________(appointed)forthiscollege.ANSWER:(should)beappointed46. IntheMiddleAges,inRome,VeniceandotherItaliancities,theredevelopedanintellectualmovement________(call)humanism,whichwasthebasisoftheRenaissance.47. Iflawandorder________(be)notpreserved,neitherthecitizennorhispropertyissafe.48. Thecolonelwasdecoratedforbravery,________(fight)offtheenemy.49. It’squiteobviousthatPaulwon’tsellhisbusinessnowthathe’sgotit________(run)sowell.50. ________(Notwish)todisturbhisbabysister,hetiptoedintotheroom.51. Ihappened________(talk)withhimwhenhewashitbyaballandcollapsed.52. Theapplicants________(interview)arerequiredtobringallthenecessarypapers.53. Victorobviouslydoesn’tknowwhat’shappened,otherwisehe________(notmake)suchastupidremark.54. Such________(be)thecase,therearenogroundstojustifyyourcomplaints.55. Thecarshowsnosignsof________(repair);itlookslikeanewone.SectionVI Chinese-EnglishTranslationTranslatethefollowingsentencesintoEnglish.(15points)56. 恶劣的天气使他无法按时动身去北京。57. 请先把事故的原因查清楚再向主任汇报。58. 直到演出已经开始，他才匆匆赶到。59. 经当地政府批准后，他们取消了原定的项目。60. 他听到这意外消息，吃惊得连一句话也说不出来。SectionVII English-ChineseTranslationTranslatethefollowingpassageintoChinese.Onlytheunderlinedsentencesaretobetranslated.(20points)SeatedbehindthefrontdeskataNewYorkfirm,thereceptionistwasStylishlydressed,thefirm’snewestemployeehadapleasanttelephonevoiceandanaturalcharmthatputclientsatease.Thecompanywaspleased:(61)Clearly,thiswasapersonwhotookconsiderableprideinpersonalappearance.DavidKing,thereceptionist,isunusual,butbynomeansunique.(62)Justasalltruckdriversandconstructionworkersarenolongernecessarilymen,allsecretariesandreceptionistsarenolongerautomaticallywomen.Thenumberofmeninwomen-dominatedfieldsisstillsmallandtheyhaven’tattractedtheattentionthathasoftenfollowedwomenadvancingintomale-dominatedfields,butmenaremovingintomoreandmorejobsthathavetraditionallybeenheldbywomen.Strictlyspeaking,thephenomenonisnotnew.Forthepastseveraldecades,menhavebeenquietlyenteringfieldssuchasnursing,socialworkandelementaryeducation.Buttodaynojobseemsoff-limits.Menservecoffeeinofficesandmealsonairplanes.(63)Thesechangesarehelpingtoinfluencesomeofthelong-standingtraditionsaboutthetypesofworkmenandwomencando--buttheyalsoproducesomeundeniableproblemsforthemenwhoareenteringthosefieldsformerlydominatedbywomen.Whatkindsofmenventureintotheseso-called“women’sfields”?Allkinds.(64)“Idon’tknowofanydefiniteanswersI’dbecomfortablewith,”explainsJosephPleck,Ph.D.,oftheWellesleyCollegeCentreforResearchonWomen.SamOrmont,forexample,athirty-year-oldnurseataBostonhospital,wentintonursingbecausethearmyhadtrainedhimasamedicalworker.(65)“Ifoundthatworkveryinteresting.”herecalled,“andwhenIgotoutoftheserviceitjustseemednaturalformetogointosomethingmedical.Iwasn’treallyinterestedinbecomingadoctor.”Thirty-five-year-oldDavidKing,anout-of-workactor,foundajobasareceptionistbecausehewashavingtroublelandingrolesinBroadwayplaysandheneededtopaytherent.(66)Inotherwords,menenter“female”jobsoutofthesameconsiderationforpersonalinterestandeconomicnecessitythatmotivatesanyonelookingforwork.Butsimilaritiesoftenendthere.Meninfemale-dominatedjobsareconspicuous.Asagroup,theirworkhistoriesdifferinmostrespectsfromthoseoftheirfemalecolleagues,andtheyarefrequentlytreateddifferentlybythepeoplewithwhomtheyareinprofessionalcontact.Thequestionnaturallyarises:Whyaretherestillapproximatelyninety-ninefemalesecretariesforeveryonemale?Thereisalsoamoreseriousissue.Mostmendon’twantto