Unit+2+Understanding+each+other+单元培优练习题 高中英语牛津译林版选择性必修第四册

Unit2Understandingeachother单元培优练习题Ⅰ.阅读理解AStandingontheshoreofalake,Ican'thelpbutmarvelatthetensorhundredsofthousandsofsmallrocksthatsurroundmyboots.Theywereallcreatedfromhardsurfaces,theiredgessofteningovertime.AndIwonder,canwelearnfromapileofrocks?Eventhetallestmountainshaveworndown;noneareastallastheywere1,000yearsago.Andmuchlikearock,I'vefoundmyattitudehassoftenedandmydesiretobetterunderstandothershasexpandedwitheachtriparoundthesun.OnceIalsowasasharprockcoveredinpointyedges.Today,afterdecadesofthewatersoflifecoursingoverme,myedgesaresofterandmoreunderstanding.I'mlesslikelytojudgeandmoreinterestedinlearninghowwecanexisttogether.ButI'mnotarock.I'mahumanbeingfilledwithallthedramabuiltintomyDNA.Twoyearsago,whiletravelinginthePacificNorthwest,Iwatchedarestaurantowneraskseveralpeopletoleavefornotwearingmasks.Notforcefulandnotrude.Onthedoorreadasign:“Pleasewearamaskbeforeenteringourrestaurant.Wedon'tlikeiteither,butlet'salldowhatwecantogetthroughthistogether.”Thegroupofyoungmenwishedtoargueaboutthenote.Isatwatching,understandingbothsides.I'vebeenthoseguysbefore,usingmyyouthfuledgestochipawayattheworld.WhatIlost,however,wastheabilitytogrowfromexperiencesbylookingthroughtheeyesofothers.Inlearningtobemoreopen,I'vealsofoundmorehappinessandsuccess.Youcanfitmoreroundedrocksinajarthanthosewithsharpedges.Theformerlookforwaystoadjustandmakeroomforothers;thelatternevergiveaninchtoaccommodateothers.Time,likethewatersrollingagainstoncesharpstones,changesusbywashingawayourresistancetoseeingtheworldfromanother'spointofview.Iplacedaroundedstoneintomyjacketpocket.MotherNatureisholdingclassagain.1.Whatdoestheauthorcomparetherocksto?A.People'sabilities.B.People'spersonalities.C.Whatnatureoffersus.D.Challengeswecomeacross.2.Whydidthegroupofguysargueintherestaurant?A.Theyweredissatisfiedwiththeowner'sattitudetothem.B.Theywereunwillingtodowhattheownerwishedthemto.C.Theyintendedtoskipoutonthebillduetothepoorservice.D.Theywerenotallowedtoleavetherestaurantfortheirrudeness.3.Whatdoestheauthorwanttotelluswiththistext?A.Weshouldadjusttonewconditions.B.Bebraveinthefaceofdifficultiesinlife.C.It'snecessarytoconsiderthefeelingsofothers.D.Beingopenandunderstandingbringsyoumorehappiness.4.Whatmightbethebesttitleforthetext?A.ChangewithTimeB.LearnfromNatureC.GrowfromExperiencesD.SeefromaDifferentAngleBThosewhodon'tliveincitiesoftencomplainaboutorfeelsurprisedatthefactthatstrangersdon'ttalktoeachotherinurbanpublicplaces.Theyfeelsorryaboutthewayweseemtoincreasinglygetlostinmobiledevices,seeminglyoblivioustowhat'sgoingonaroundus.Butsociologistsrecognizethatthespacewegiveeachotherintheurbanplacesservesanimportantsocialfunction.

Well-knownsociologistErvingGoffmandevelopedtheconceptof“civilinattention”inhisbookBehaviorinPublicPlaces.Farfromignoringthosearoundus,Goffmanprovedthroughyearsofstudyingpeopleinpublicthatwhatwe'reactuallydoingispretendingtobeunawareofwhatothersaredoingaroundus,thereforeprovidingthemasenseofprivacy,astheydothesameforus.Goffmanprovedinhisresearchthatcivilinattentiontypicallyinvolvesatfirstamirrorformofsocialinteraction,likeverybriefeyecontact,theexchangeofheadnods,orweaksmiles.Followingthat,bothpartiesthentypicallyshintheireyesfromtheotherparty.Goffmantheorizedthatwhatweachieve,sociallyspeaking,withthiskindofinteraction,ismutualrecognitionthattheotherpresentcausesnothreattooursecurity,andwebothagree,tacitly(默契地),tolettheotheralonetodoastheyplease.Whenweprovidecivilinattentiontoothers,weeffectivelyapprovetheirbehavior.Sometimes,weusecivilinattentiontosavefacewhenwe'vedonesomethingwefeelembarrassedby,ortohelpmanagetheembarrassmentthatanothermightfeelifwewitnessthemtrip,ordropsomething.Civilinattentionisthusnotaproblem,butanimportantpartofmaintainingsocialorderinpublic.Forthisreason,problemsarisewhenthisnorm(规范)isbroken.Becauseweexpectitfromothersandseeitasnormalbehavior,wemayfeelthreatenedbysomeonewhodoesn'tgiveittous.Thisiswhywomenfeelthreatenedbythosewhocatcall(发嘘声)tothem,andwhyforsomemen,simplybeingstaredatbyanotherisenoughtocauseaphysicalfight.5.Howdoestheauthorbeginthistext?A.Bygivingpeopleawarning.B.Bycomparingsomepeople'sfeelings.C.Bydescribingawayofsocializing.D.Bygivingaproblemwithtechnology.6.Whatdoestheunderlinedphrase“obliviousto”inParagraph1probablymean?A.Unawareof.B.Unsureabout.C.Tiredof. D.Curiousabout.7.Whatdoweactuallymeanwhenwelookawayfromastranger,accordingtoGoffman?A.Weareignoringhimonarudebasis.B.Weareshowingourrespectforothers'privacy.C.Weareprotectingourselvesfromphysicalattacks.D.Weareworryingthatwecouldlosebelongings.8.Whatcanbelearnedfromthetextaboutcivilinattention?A.Ithaspositiveeffectsonsocialinteraction.B.Ithelpssavefacewhenwe'vedonesomethingwrong.C.ItisunlinkedtosocialinteractionaccordingtoGoffman.D.Itisatypeofnormalbehaviorwhichwemayfeelthreatened.CFormorethan140years,fishersinLaguna,Brazilhaveformedanunusualpartnershipwithlocaldolphins.Assoonasthefishersspotadolphinwavingitstail,liftingitshead,anddivingdeeply,theyraceintothewaterwiththeirnets.Now,anewstudysuggeststhedolphinsarewillingpartnersinthiscooperationandthattheanimalsmaybeguidingthepeople.Theypaycloseattentiontothehumans,timingtheiractionstomaximizetheircatch.Overtheyears,dolphinshavebeenshowingthefishers“wheretostandandwhentogetreadytothrowtheirnets”inthedarkwaters.It'salmostasifthedolphinsaretrainingthehumans.Asmuchasthefisherswerewatchingthedolphins,thedolphinswerealsowatchingthefishers,thestudyfound.Bothspeciesmusttimetheiractionscorrectlytocatchfish.Thepeoplewaitwiththeirnetsatthereadyforadolphintoapproachclosely.Whenadolphinseesareadyfisher,theanimalwillgiveatip,usuallythatdeepdive,whichtellsthefisherthemullet(鲻鱼)arerightthereandit'stimetocasttheirnet.Sometimes,eitherthedolphinorthefisherwillrespondincorrectly,andneithercatchesfish.Yet,thescientistsreportedthatofnearly3,000recordedfishingattempts,nearly46%weresuccessful.Toensurethisaccuracy,fishersmustunderstandthedolphins'tips,learningthemovertime,evenitcansay,“Thedolphinsarealmostliketeachers.”Otherpopulationsofdolphinshavealsobeenknowntocooperatewithhumanfishers,rushingfishtowardshoreorintonetsoffeasternAustralia,Mauritania,andSoutheastAsia.Butthesepracticeshaveeitherdisappearedorareindecline.ThesamefatelikelyfacestheLagunadolphinsifthemulletnumbers,whichhavedroppedoverthepastdecadebecauseofoverfishing,continuetodecline.Thepracticemayescapesuchafate,ifBrazilregardsthisdolphin-fisherrelationshipaculturalheritage,asthescientistspropose.“Withoutmullet,”theexpertsays,“thispartnershipwillend.”9.Howdothedolphinsguidethefisherstocatchfish?A.Byconstantlyattackingfish.B.Bymakingstrangevoices.C.Bypullingthenets.D.Byusingbodylanguage.10.Whatarethefirsttwoparagraphsmainlyabout?A.Humansliveharmoniouslywithdolphins.B.Humansanddolphinsteamuptocatchfish.C.Humansweretaughttocatchfishbydolphins.D.HumansinBrazilrelyonthedolphinsforfishing.11.WhatdoestheauthorintendtodoinParagraph3?A.Introduceanewtopicfordiscussion.B.Providesuggestionsforthereaders.C.Addsomebackgroundinformation.D.Concludethepreviousparagraphs.12.Whatcanwelearnaboutthedolphin-fisherrelationshipinLaguna?A.Ithasdisappeared.B.Itdevelopsfriendly.C.Itneedstobeprotected.D.Itbecomesaculturalheritage.Ⅱ.七选五HandwrittenChinesecharacterscanbebeautiful.Livinginadigitalerawithsmartphonesandcomputers,moststudentssoonerorlateraskthemselvesthisquestion:1KnowinghowtowriteChinesecharactersbyhandisjustcool.Itfeelslikemagicwhenyouwriteafewstrokes(笔画)onpaperthatdon'tnormallymakesense,buttheysuddenlycometogetherandcreateameaning.2

Handwritingcharacterstrainsyourmusclememory,makingcharactersstaylongerinyourmemoryandimprovingyourreadingandspeakingskills.3However,withoutknowinghowtowritecharactersbyhand,youareveryunlikelytoreachalevelaboveintermediate(中级).

4Handwritingcharactersisaformofmeditation.Onceyoulearnhowtostayfocused,youwillnotonlynoticethatyourconcentrationskillsimprove,butyouwillalsofindyourselffeelingcalmandrelaxedwhenwritingcharacters.

MostpeopleagreethatweshouldlearntowriteatleastsomecharactersatsomepointasastudentofChinese,althoughnotnecessarilystraightawayandnotnecessarilyallthecharactersthatyoucansay.Butunlessyoudon'tcareaboutwrittenlanguageatall,youshouldlearnthebasicsofhandwriting.5Youdon'tneedtobeacalligraphymaster,butyoudoneedbasichandwritingskillstodothis.Simplylookingatthingsis,asusual,abadwayoflearning.

A.Andamazingly,youcanunderstandit.B.IsitimportanttolearnChineseculture?C.Handwritingcharacterstrainsyourconcentration.D.Learningcharactersisagoodideaforallstudents.E.Withoutit,itwillbeveryhardtounderstandcharacters.F.IsitreallynecessarytolearnhowtowritebyhandinChinese?G.YoucanlearnChinesetoacertainlevelwithouthandwritingcharacters.参考答案Ⅰ.【语篇导读】海岸上的小石块引发了作者对人的性格品质的思考,我们能从小石块身上学到什么?1.B推理判断题。文章前三段讲了小碎石让作者产生的思考,由第三段第二句可知,岩石教会作者去理解他人,这是人类的个性,即性格品质。2.B细节理解题。根据第六段可知,年轻人们不愿意按老板的要求做。3.D推理判断题。根据第三段第二句和倒数第二、三段可推断,作者意在告诉我们,开放和理解会给你带来更多的快乐。4.A主旨大意题。根据倒数第二段可知,我们每个人都在随时间而改变,和海边的石头一样,因此A项“随时间而改变”为本篇文章的最佳标题【语篇导读】城市中陌生人不愿意在公众场合进行过多交谈,社会学家Goffman提出了“礼貌性疏忽”这一概念,认为这在社交互动生活中有着积极的影响。5.C推理判断题。第一段前两句主要讲了一种城市居民的社交方式,第三句引出社会学家对这种方式的评价。因此,