《基础英语》Book 3 Unit 4电子教案

UnitFour

I.Objectives

令LearntheculturaldifferencebetweentheEnglishandtheFrenchthroughreading,

listening,anddiscussion.

令Learnthemeaningsandusesofsomenewwords,phrasesandsentence

structures.

ILTeachingEmphasis:

1.ThecomprehensionandappreciationofTextI;

2.Newwordsandexpressions:

lobby,complexion,foreboding,shudder,scheme,psyche,moat,breach,inprogress,screech,

quirk,chic,grunge,reverie,scramble,lopsided,executive,distressing,badger,havethenerve

todosth

III.TeachingProcedures:(7hours)

Lead-in

1.MovieClip

2.Quotes

1.MovieClip

1.WhatdidtheEnglisharmydoonApril4,1357?

TheEnglisharmyoccupiedthevillageofCastlegardinFrance.

2.WhowasLadyClaire?Whathappenedtoher?

ClairewasFrenchCommanderArnaut'ssister,awomanofclassandnobility.Shewascaughtand

hangedbytheEnglisharmy,whichfrenziedtheFrenchtooverpowertheEnglishandledtothe

fallingofthefortressofLaRoqueinonenight.

Discussion:

HowmuchdoyouknowabouttheUK-Frenchrelationship?Thisisanopenquestion.

Script

-Listenup,class.April4,1357.Castlegard,France.TheEnglisharmyintheirreduniforms

occupiedthevillageofCastlegard.TheFrench,meanwhile,wereadvancing,tryingtodrivethem

outofthere,inthisdirectionovertheriver,pastthemonasteryandupandovertotheheightshere.

Justleaveit,Chris,thafsfine,beforeyouwrecktheplace.TheEnglishanny,meanwhile,had

retreatedtoCastleLaRoque.Wellfortified,verystrong,verywellsupplied,andbothsideshad

settledinforalongsiege.

-TheFrenchweretryingtopushtheEnglishoutofFrancefor100years.LordOlivertriestotake

thefightoutoftheFrench.Now,hehasaprisoner,awoman.Awomanofclassandawomanof

nobility,CommanderAmaufssister,LadyClaire.Duringthebattlehehangsherfromthe

battlementsforalloftheFrenchforcestosee.NowinsteadofdemoralizingtheFrench,itwhips

themintoafrenzy,andtheyattackthecastlelikemadmen,andtheyoverpowertheEnglishwith

sheerpassion.SothefortressofLaRoquefellinonenightbecauseofthedeathofonewoman,

LadyClaire.Allrightfolks,that'senoughacademicsfortoday.Gogetyourhandsdirty.

2.Quotes

Readthefollowingquotes,andtellyourclassmateswhichoneisyourfavorite.Stateyour

reasons.

Allobjects,allphasesofculturearealive.Theyhavevoices.Theyspeakoftheirhistoryand

interrelatedness.Andtheyarealltalkingatonce!

—CamillePaglia

Everyage,everyculture,everycustomandtraditionhasitsowncharacter,itsownweaknessand

itsownstrength,itsbeautiesandcruelties;itacceptscertainsufferingsasmattersofcourse,puts

uppatientlywithcertainevils.Humanlifeisreducedtorealsuffering,tohell,onlywhentwoages,

twoculturesandreligionsoverlap.

一HermannHesse

Eachnationfeelssuperiortoothernations.Thatbreedspatriotism—andwars.

—DaleCarnegie

Nonationispermittedtoliveinignorancewithimpunity.

—ThomasJefferson

Theworldstillconsistsoftwoclearlydividedgroups:theEnglishandtheforeigners.Onegroup

consistsoflessthan50millionpeople;theotherof3,950million.Thelattergroupdoesnotreally

count.

—GeorgeMikes

Peoplenowadaysliketobetogethernotintheold-fashionedwayof,say,minglingonthepiazza

ofanItalianRenaissancecity,but,instead,huddledtogetherintrafficjams,busqueues,on

escalatorsandsoon.It'sanewkindoftogethernesswhichmayseemtotallyalien,butit'sthe

togethernessofmoderntechnology.

—J.G.Ballard

ListeningInandSpeakingOut

1.Notes

2.Listening

3.SpeakingPractice

1.Notes

1.etiquette—thecustomarycodeofpolitebehaviorinsociety礼节

2.takeasocialmishapkindly—kindlytolerateone'slackofmannersorbreachofetiquette

3.dresscode—asetofconventionsgoverninghowoneissupposedtodresshimselfona

particularoccasion着装要求

4.audacious—extremelyboldordaring

5.black-tieparty—aformalpartyatwhichmenareexpectedtowearadinnerjacketorblack

tuxedo（无尾晚礼月艮）withablackbowtieandwomenwearalongfloor-lengtheveningdress

orgown

6.attire—clothes,especiallyfineorformalonesforspecialoccasionsorceremonies

7.white-tieparty——themostformaltypeofeventsuchasastatedinner,averyformalballor

aneveningwedding.Onsuchanoccasion,menareexpectedtowearablackeveningtailcoat

withawhitebowtiewhilewomenwearaveryformallongfloor-lengtheveninggown.

8.swallow-tailedcoats—formaleveningdressfbrmen燕尾月艮

9.souffle—alight,spongybakeddishmadetypicallybyaddingflavouredeggyolkstostiffly

beateneggwhites蛋奶酉禾

2.Listening

Listentotherecordingandanswerthefollowingquestions.

1.HowdotheBritishandtheFrenchtreatothers7lackofmannersorbreachofetiquette?

NeithertheBritishnortheFrenchtreatothers,lackofmannersorbreachofetiquettekindly.

2.WhatarethetabootopicsofconversationforBritishpeople?Whatarethetabootopicsof

conversationfbrFrenchpeople?

PoliticsandphilosophyarethetabootopicsofconversationforBritishpeople,whilemoneyor

wealthisatabootopicofconversationforFrenchpeople.

3.HowdoBritishpeopledifferfromFrenchpeopleregardingfashion?

FrenchpeoplearemuchlessaudaciousthanBritishpeopleregardingfashion.

4.WhatareBritishpeopleexpectedtowearatwork?AndwhataboutFrenchpeople?

Britishpeopleareexpectedtowearformallyatwork,butFrenchpeoplecangotoworkwithodd

jacketandtrousers.

5.Intermsofpunctuality,howareBritishpeopledifferentfromFrenchpeople?

IntheUKpunctualityisagoldenrule,butInFrancepunctualitycanbeapproximate.

Script

FrenchandBritishEtiquette

ThoughonlyseparatedbyasmallchanneltheculturaldifferencesbetweenFranceand

Britainarenumerous.NeithertheFrenchnortheEnglish,twoveryproudnations,willtakea

socialmishapkindly.Herearesomeoftheirdifferencesinetiquette.

Conversation

HavingaconversationwithFrenchandwithEnglishpeopleisquitedifferent.IfaFrench

personasksaBritishpersonforhisopinionaboutapolitician,thesituationwillbeveryawkward

sinceintheUKpoliticsisstillslightlytaboo.Philosophyisregardedasboringandstonnydebates

aretobeavoidedatallcost.AndyetthisiswhattheFrenchlove.Inthesameway,don't

contradicttheotherguestsjustforfun.ItisnotfunatallintheUKwhereconciliationispreferred

todebates.

Don'trefertomoneyorwealthwhenyouspeaktoaFrenchpersonasitwillberegardedas

extremelyvulgar.Paycarefulattentiontothesedetailsandavoidbeingbadcompany.

Dresscode

FrenchpeoplearemuchlessaudaciousthanBritishpeopleregardingfashion:WhenBritish

peoplegoout,theyarenotafraidtoshowoff.Gorgeousdressesforladiesanddinnerjacketsfor

menareusuallythenormforaneveningpartyunlessotherwisespecified.Forblack-tiepartythe

attireisveryformalandclassy:eveningdressesforladiesandblack-tieformen.Forawhite-tie

partyyouhavetodressupmore.Itisappropriateformentowearswallow-tailedcoats.Incontrast,

Frenchpeoplearemorediscreet.Mostofthetimepartiesaremorecasualandthedresscodeisnot

sooftenmentioned.

Inaddition,Britishpeoplepaymoreattentiontoclothesatwork.WhereasinFranceaman

cangotoworkwithoddjacketandtrousers,thiswouldbeunacceptableintheUK.Attirehasto

beformalatalltimesexceptonFridaywhichismorecasual.Becarefulthisdoesn'tmeanthat

youcanwearasimpleT-shirt,butyoucanremoveyourtie.

Punctuality

Punctualityisnotregardedinthesamewayaroundtheworld.InFrancepunctualitycanbe

approximate,youcouldevenhearaboutthesaying“being15minuteslatetobepolite”.Theidea

istoletthehostsfinishpreparingthepartywithoutrushingthem.IntheUKonthecontrary

punctualityisagoldenrule.Someinvitationsevenmention"8.00fbr8.30".Itmeansthattheparty

orthedinnerwillbeginpreciselyat8.30andthatyouaresupposedtobetherefrom8.00.Being

lateinthatcasewouldbeunforgivable,especiallyifthehostessdecidedtocookasouffle!!!

3.SpeakingPractice

1.Giveanoralpresentationonthesummaryofthemainpointsofthelisteningpassage.

Foryourreference

Thekeypoints:

DifferencesinetiquettebetweenFranceandBritain

a.Conversation

b.Dresscode

c.Punctuality

2.Discussandcommentontheeffectivenessofeachother'soralpresentation.

3.Workinpairsandtaketurnstoaskandgiveanswersaboutthefollowingtopics:

a.''Culturaldifferencescauseproblems."Doyouagreewiththisstatement?

b.WhataresomeofthedifferencesbetweentheChineseandtheBritishcultures?

c.Doyouthinkculturalawarenessisimportantinlanguagelearning?Why?

Text

1.TextI

(1)Pre-ReadingQuestions

(2)GeneralReading

(3)Background

(4)Text

(5)CommentsontheText

(6)Exercises

2.TextII

(1)Text

⑵Questions

TextI

1.Pre-ReadingQuestions

Herearethequestionsforyoutothinkaboutbeforeyoureadthetext.

1.HowdidtheEnglishandtheFrenchpeoplelookattheChunnel,joyouslyorresentfully?

Whydoyouthinkso?

2.Howdoyouvisualizethebreakthroughceremony?Exerciseyourimagination.

Foryourreference

Theseareopenquestions.Youmaydiscusstheabovequestionswithyourclassmates.Your

knowledgeaboutFranceandBritainmayhelpyoutoanswerQuestionOne,whileforQuestion

Two,youshouldexerciseyourimagination.

2.GeneralReading

Gooverthetextrapidlyonceandthendecidewhichofthefollowingstatementsbest

sumsupthecontent.

—1.TheFrenchandtheEnglishpeopleseemednonetoohappyabouttheChunnelandthere

wouldbemorepeoplegoingtoFranceviatheChunnelthantherewouldbepeoplegoing

toBritain.

V2.InspiteoftheadversesentimentsexpressedbytheEnglishandtheFrenchpeople,the

ChunnelthatjoinsBritainandFrancewasfinallycompletedand,lookingback,the

breakthroughthattookplaceseveralyearsagowasamovingscene..

—3.TheconstructionoftheChunnelwasanimportanteventandlargenumbersofpeople

wouldbeusingittogoacrosstheEnglishChannel.

3.Background

1.EnglishChannel

TheEnglishChannel,oftenreferredtosimplyastheChannel,isanarmoftheAtlanticOceanthat

separatessouthernEnglandfromnorthernFrance,andjoinstheNorthSeatotheAtlantic.Itis

about560kmlongandvariesinwidthfrom240kmatitswidestto34kmintheStraitofDover.It

isthesmallestoftheshallowseasaroundthecontinentalshelfofEurope,coveringanareaof

some75,000squarekilometers.

2.TheChannelTunnel

Tunnelis50kmlong,

39kmofwhichisundersea

makingitthelongestundersea

Folkestonetunnelintheworld

Tunneldriven、

Ductevery250mtothroughseam

equalizetunnelairofchalkandclay

FRANCE

Calais

Crosspassageevery375mUK/French

Traintunnelfrontier

runningnorth

(FrancetoUK)

EvacuationwalkwayCsling1山“carryingcars

、system

Servicetunnel

keptathigherair

Traintunnelpressuretoprevent

runningsouthsmoke/lumesentering

(UKtoFrance)irvice/

rescuevehicles

TheChannelTunnelisa50.5-kilometreundersearailtunnellinkingFolkestone,Kent,inthe

UnitedKingdomwithCoquelles,Pas-de-Calais,nearCalaisinnorthernFrancebeneaththe

EnglishChannelattheStraitofDover.Atitslowestpoint,itis75metersdeep.At37.9kilometers,

theChannelTunnelpossessesthelongestunderseaportionofanytunnelintheworld.

3.theContinent

ContinentalEurope,alsoreferredtoasmainlandEuropeorsimplytheContinent(particularlyby

theBritish,IcelandersandotherEuropeanislandnations),isthecontinentofEurope,explicitly

excludingEuropeanislands.

4.Text

TheLightattheEndoftheChunnel

InahotellobbyinSandgate,England,nottwomilesfromthesoon-to-be-openedEnglish

ChannelTunnel,stiffupperlipstrembled.Forthefirsttimesincethelasticeage,Englandwas

abouttobelinkedtoFrance.

'TdratherEnglandbecomethe51ststateoftheU.S.A,thangettieduptothere^saida

retiredcivilservantwithacomplexionthecolorofrubyport.Henoddedtowardthesteelgray

Channeloutthewindow3,hispaleblueeyesfilledwithforeboding.

“Awftilplace,addedhiswife,liftingateacuptoherlips."Theydrinkallthetime,andthe

foodisterrible.WhenIgototheContinent,ItakemyownbottleofEnglishsauce.”

“Wedon'tcaremuchfortheFrench,herhusbandconcluded."ButtheFrench9,Herea

pause,ashudder,asthegull-wingeyebrowsshotupward.€tThcFrenchdon'tcareforanybody.”

OntheothersideoftheChannel,theententewasscarcelymorecordiale.InVieuxCoquelles,

avillageabeetfieldawayfromtheFrenchterminalnearCalais,ClotaireFournierwalkedintohis

farmhouse.

“IwenttoEnglandonce,“hesaid,sinkingintoachairinthediningroom."Neveragain!All

theyeatisketchup.^^Atinyexplosionofairfrompursedlips,thenthecoupdegrace."Youcan't

evengetadecentglassofredwine!^^

Well,bygraceofoneoftheengineeringfeatsofthecentury,forricherorpoorer,betteror

worse,EnglandandFrancearegettinghitched.OnMay6,1994,QueenElizabethofBritainand

PresidentFrangoisMitterrandofFrancearescheduledtoinauguratetheEnglishChannelTunnel

("Chunnel"forshort),sweepingaside200yearsoffailedcross-Channel-linkschemes,1,000years

ofhistoricalrift,and8,000yearsofgeographicdivide.

The31-mile-longChunnelisreallythreeparalleltunnels:twofortrainsandaservicetunnel.

ItsnakesfromFolkestone,England,toCoquelles,France,anaverageof150feetbelowtheseabed.

Driveontoatrainatoneend;stayinyourcaranddriveoffLeShuttleattheother35minuteslater.

Laterthisyear(i.e.,1994)Eurostarpassengertrainswillprovidethroughservice:LondontoParis

inthreehours;LondontoBrusselsinthreehours,tenminutes.

TheChunnelrewritesgeography,atleastintheEnglishpsyche.Themoathasbeenbreached.

Britainnolongerisanisland.

***

It'sJune28,1991,andI'mpackedintoaconstructionworkers'trainalongwithseveral

dozenotherjournalists.We'reheadedoutfromtheEnglishsidetothebreakthroughceremonyfor

thesouthrunningtunnel—thelasttobecompleted.

TheChunnelisaworkinprogress.Theconcretewallsawaitfinalinstallationofthepower,

water,andcommunicationlinesthatwillturnitintoatransportsystem.Whitedustfillstheair.

Thetrainscreechespainfully."MakesyouappreciateBritishRail,^^someonejokes.

Finallywereachthebreakthroughsite.Thetwomachinesthatdugthistunnelstartedfrom

oppositesidesoftheChannelandworkedtowardthemiddle.Nowwe'restaringatthe

30-foot-diameterfaceoftheFrenchtunnelboringmachine(TBM),"Catherine.”

Inoneofthoseviveladifferencequirksthatcolortheproject,theFrenchgavewomen's

namestotheirmachines.OntheBritishside,it'sbythenumbers—likeTBMNo.6.Another

difference:Frenchworkerswearchic,well-cut,taupejumpsuitswithredandblueracingstripes

downthesleeves.TheBritishuniformispuregrunge:baggy,brightorange.

Lookingup,Iimagine180feetofChannelabovemyhead—ferries,tankers,aDoversoleor

two

ThegratingoftheTBMinterruptsmyreverie.Itscutterhead—ahugewheelwith

tungsten-tippedteeth—chewsintothelasttraceofrockseparatingEnglandfromFrance.

Musicblares,andlightsglare.SeveralFrenchmenscramblethrough.Thunderousapplause

eruptsasdozensmorefollow.Strangelymoving,thisconnectingofcountries.Champagnecorks

pop,andFrenchworkershugBritishcounterparts.

“Imighthaveopposedit30yearsago,butnowit'smytunnel,9,anEnglishmansays.

Frenchtunnelersarestillclimbingthrough."Somany,"Isay,turningtoaFrenchofficial.

“Andthereare56millionmorebehindthem,^^hereplies.

Apresletunnel,ledeluge?Eurotunnelhopesso.Itpredictseightmillionpassengersayearby

1996.Theflowwillbelopsided.Only30percentofthetrafficwillbeheadedtoBritain.€tThe

Frenchdon'ttakeholidaysinEngland/'explainsJeanneLabrousse,aEurotunnelexecutive.

Hmmmm.WhydotheFrenchvisitBritain?Forthefood?Theweather?Fashion?

Mme.Labrousseseemedthoughtful.

“Ofcourse,9,shebrightened,t4wewillworkonsellingtheidea."

FromNationalGeographic,May1994,

byCathyNewman.

Wordsandphrases:

(1)stiff:a.firm,hard,ordifficulttobendormove,notmovingoroperatingfreely

e.g.Hergrandpa?slegswerestifffromkneeling.

ThisistoostiffsIcan'tbenditwithmyhands.

(2)complexion:n.thenaturalcolourorappearanceoftheskinonone'sface

e.g.Drinkingjuiceisgoodforthecomplexion.

Sheisdarkincomplexion.

(3)foreboding:n.astrongfeelingthatsomethingbadisgoingtohappensoon

e.g.Thesailor'swifehadastrangeforebodingthathewouldnotreturn.

ItisstrangethattheroleofanticipationandforebodinginShakespeariandramahasso

farnotreceivedadequateattentionandtreatment

(4)shudder:n.ashakingmovement

e.g.Shegavealittleshudderwhenshetouchedhisclammyhand.

Ashudderranthroughhimatthetouchofherfingers.

(5)scarcely:ad.almostnotoralmostnoneatall[=hardly]

e.g.Icanscarcelybelieveyou'retwentyyearsoldnow.

Thedifferenceisscarcelyperceptibletotheaveragereader.

(6)decent:a.ofagoodenoughstandardorquality

e.g.Atthattimeitispossibletolandadecentjobwithoutacollegeeducation.

Themainemploymentchallengeinruralareas,however,isthatmanyjobsdonotensure

decentlevelsofincomeandsustainablelivelihoods.

(7)feat:n.somethingthatisanimpressiveachievement,becauseitneedsalotofskill,strength,

etc.todo

e.g.Wewentfromzero-to-completeinjustthreemonths—aremarkablefeatfbran

unplannedandverysignificantoverhaulofa42-yearoldship.

Man'sfirstlandingonthemoonwasafeatofgreatdaring.

(8)hitch:v.fastensomethingtosomethingelse,usingarope,chain,etc.

e.g.Hitchthesetworopestogether.

Lastnightwehitchedthehorsetothecartandmovedhere.

(9)bescheduledto:beplannedto

e.g.Whatisanemployeewhoisscheduledtowork2hoursadayentitledtointheformof

wages?

Sometimesemployeesarescheduledtoworkashiftandthentheshiftiscancelledor

shortened.

(10)inaugurate:v.openabuildingorstartanorganization,event,etc.forthefirsttime

e.g.Thegovernmentwillinaugurateitsfirstgasstoragefacilityinthenearfuture.

Aresearchrocketwaslaunchedtoinauguratethefirsthome-builtspacecentreofthe

country,

(11)sweepaside:pushorbrushsomeoneorsomethingaside

e.g.Theguardssweptthespectatorsasideastheking'scoachapproached.

Alldesksandchairsweresweptaside,andthentheybegantodance.

(12)scheme:n.aplanorarrangementmadebyagovernmentorotherorganization,aplanfor

achievingsomething

e.g.Theschemeaimstoencourageincreasedparticipationinsportingactivities.

Tobefrank,theschemeismerelyacastleintheair.

(13)rift:n.asituationinwhichtwopeopleorgroupshavehadaseriousdisagreementandbegun

todislikeandnottrusteachother[=split]

e.g.Hehaswarnedthattheseriousriftswithinthecountrycouldleadtocivilwar.

Itwasjustoneargument,butitcreatedapennanentriftbetweenthem.

(14)parallel:a.beingeverywhereequidistantandnotintersecting

e.g.Parallellinesare,bydefinition,linesonthesameplanethatneverjoin.

Itshowshowtoconstructalineparalleltoagivenlinethatpassesthroughagiven

pointwithcompassandstraightedgeorruler.

(15)snake:v.moveinlong,twistingcurves

e.g.Theriversnakedawayintothedistance.

Thetrainsnakeditswayamongthemountains.

(16)psyche:n.[countable,usuallysingular]someone'smind,ortheirdeepestfeelings,which

controltheirattitudesandbehaviour

e.g.Revengeandpunishmentliedeepinthehumanpsyche.

Acharacteristicofthefemininepsycheistoseekapprovalfromothers.

(17)moat:n.adeepwidehole,usuallyfilledwithwater,dugaroundacastleasadefence

e.g.ThemainhousewithitscharmingbeamsissuiToundedbyabeautifulmoat.

EconomicmoatisatermpopularizedbyWairenBuffettdescribingacompany's

competitiveadvantage.

(18)breach:v.breakalaw,rule,oragreement[=break]

e.g.HowdoImakeacomplaintifIbelievemyprivacyhasbeenbreached?

Spectatorswhobreachtheruleswillbeaskedtoleavethebuilding.

(19)breakthrough:n.animportantnewdiscoveryinsomethingyouarestudying,especiallyone

madeaftertryingforalongtime

e.g.Breakthroughideasalwaysseemimpracticalatfirst,sodon'tgetdiscouraged.

Scientistshavemadeamajorbreakthroughinthetreatmentofthedisease.

(20)inprogress:happeningnow,andnotyetfinished

e.g.Iwanttoreportanemergency.There'sarobberyinprogress.

Workinprogress!Walkingpedestriansshouldbecautious.

(21)await:v.waitfor

e.g.Sheisawaitingherfather'sinstructions.

Weawaityourpromptreplywithmuchinterest.

(22)installation:n.theactofsettingupsomething(asequipment)foruse

e.g.Theinstallationofanairgapanddrainlinearerecommended.

Weconsidertheinstallationofcamerasaninfringementonpeople'sprivacy.

(23)screech:v.(wheelofavehicle)makeahighunpleasantnoiseasitmovesalongorstops

e.g.AblackMercedesscreechedtoahaltbesidethehelicopter.

Avanscreechedontotheroadinfrontofme.

(24)quirk:n.astrangehabitorfeatureofsomeone?scharacter,orastrangefeatureofsomething

e.g.HehadastrangequirkofaddressinghiswifeasMrsSmith.

Themostannoyingquirkofhisiswearingacapallthetime.

(25)chic:a.veryfashionableandexpensive,andshowinggoodjudgementofwhatisattractive

andgoodstyle

e.g.Imustsaythatoutfitreallysuitsyou.Youlookreallychic.

Traditionally,Frenchfashionischicandstylish,definedbyitssophistication,cut,and

smartaccessories.

(26)reverie:n.astateofimaginingorthinkingaboutpleasantthings,thatislikedreaming

e.g.Hewassolostinreveriethathedidnothearthedoorbellring.

Autumnisaseasonforpeopletogenerateinfinitereverie.

(27)blare:v.makeaveryloudunpleasantnoise

e.g.ThehornblaredwhileIpresslockorunlockonmykey.

Ashesatdown,theloudspeakerinthestationblared.

(28)glare:v.shinewithaverystrongbrightlightwhichhurtspeople'seyes

e.g.Thesunglareoutofthebluesky.

Thesunglareddownonus.

(29)scramble:v.movehurriedly

e.g.Thelittleboyscrambledafterhisfather.

Hescrambledtohisfeetandhurriedintothelaboratory.

(30)thunderous:a.extremelyloud

e.g.Atthesightofhisappearanceonthestage,thehallrangwiththunderousapplause.

Theexplosion,combinedwithescapingsteam,producedanoverwhelmingnoise,deep

andthunderous.

(31)erupt:v.breakout,startsuddenly

e.g.Inninecasesoutoften,thesecaseserupttoosuddenlytobeguardedagainst.

Furiousprotestseruptedinthecapitalcityafterthecountrywasinvadedbyitsenemy.

(32)counterpart:n.someoneorsomethingthathasthesamejoborpurposeassomeoneor

somethingelseinadifferentplace

e.g.TheU.S.CongressisthecounterpartoftheBritishParliament.

BelgianofficialsarediscussingthiswiththeirCanadiancounterparts.

(33)oppose:v.disagreewithsomethingsuchasaplanorideaandtrytopreventitfromhappening

orsucceeding

e.g.Icanseenoreasontoopposetheplan.

TheSupremeCourt'sdecisiononthehealthcarelawhasn'tchange