点题机写作一册

西方取经第一整合写作（9题西方取经第一整合写作（9题Roanoke Shouldthegovernmentfinanciallyaidartprojectsor Gulf ThefirstsettlersofEaster Cave T-Rexcould 独立写作（5题Doyouagreethattelephonesareplayingamoreeffectiverolethantelevisioninpeople's .Doyouagreeordisagree?Theenvironmentalissueistoocomplextobehandledbythe Peoplewhodevelopmanydifferentskillsaremoresuccessfulthanpeoplewhofocusononeskillonly… Doyouagreeordisagreewiththefollowingstatement:theeffectiveleadertriestomakeothersfeeltheyhavebeenpartofadecision… Doyouagreeordisagreewiththefollowingstatement?Intwentyyearsfromwillnotuseprintedbooksanymore.Usespecificreasonsandexamplestosupportyour 6西方取经第二整合写作（共12题Cloud TheMonolithicStatuesofEaster 已考删除TheFalloftheMayan T-Rexcouldnot RedColored WhyDoWe Howtoprotect Thepurposeof FunctionsofDeer's Great 独立写作（13题Doyouagree独立写作（13题Doyouagreeordisagree?Playingsportsgivesimportantlessononlessonsoflife Doyouagreethattheprofessionalathletessuchasthefootballplayerandbasketballplayerdeservehighsalariestobepaid? Agreeordisagree:tosolvetheproblemofpresentandfuture,itisnecessarytounderstandthe Doyouagreeordisagree?Forsuccessfuldevelopmentofacountry,shouldagovernmentfocusitsbudgetmoreonveryyoungchildren(5to10yearsold)educationratherthanonDoyouagreeordisagree?Themostimportantcharacteristicofapoliticalorbusinessleaderistheabilitytoberesponsibleformistakes… Doyouagreeordisagree?Moviesandtelevisionsshouldalwaysshowaudiencesthatthegoodpeoplearebeingrewardedandbadpeoplearebeingpunished Doyouagreeordisagree?Itisbettertoworkwithyourowncomputerandtelephoneathomethanworkinyourcompany's Childrenshouldonlyplaysportsforfun,orplaysportsincompetitionorDoyouagreeordisagreewiththefollowingstatement?Ajobwithmorevacationtimeisbetterthanajobwithhighsalarybutlessvacationtime. Doyouagreeordisagreewiththefollowingstatement:Allhigh-schoolstudentsshouldtakebasiceconomiccourses… Doyouagreeordisagreewiththefollowingstatement?ItisbettertochooseauniversitywhosegraduateshavegoodjobopportunitiesthanauniversitywhohasfamousDoyouagree/disagreethatthemostimportantproblemsaffectingoursocietytodaycouldbesolvedduringyourlifetime? Universitystudentsshouldnotberequiredtoattendclasses.Instead,theyshouldbeablereceivecreditsthroughafinaltestor 西方取经整合写作（8西方取经整合写作（8题1.Roanoke【网络版】阅读第一个settledown到美国的英国colonyof忘了名字消失了（帮你找出来请看原文一个什么岛，名字也忘了（帮你找出来请看原文)，。1colonyleader姓名帮你找出来请看原文)，离开后回来发现人都走了，在外面发现了一个signthatisthewordof"那个岛的名字"，leader走之前和其他人约定好，如过离开，留下记号帮你找出来请看原文)，告诉去哪了。2在岛上发先一artcrafts,其中有一个ringtracebacktocolony。证据3:岛上的人金发碧眼，说英语，是因为他们和那个colony的人婚听力：反对。领导走之前和其他人说要搬家就搬到内地，粮食多,可是那个岛是coast(2)ringownedbyamanhewasnotoneofthesettlersinthecolonyandhereturen(return才对喔backtoEnglishlater,thatringmustbetradedtotheisland。(3)thereareseveralcoloniesfromEnglandinlateUS,岛上金发碧眼，通婚的。colony的人1.综合写作【整理版Croatan,alsoCroatoan,formerislandoffthecoastofNorthCarolina,southofRoanokeIsland.TheislandexistedattheofthefirstEnglishattemptatcolonizationabout1585.IthassincebeenobliteratedbytheshiftingofthesandsandisnowprobablyapartofeitherHatterasIslandorOcracokeIsland.字神帝国英语学院一新托福考前点题CroatanIslandwasthoughtbysometohavebeenpartofthemysteryCroatanIslandwasthoughtbysometohavebeenpartofthemysteryofthedisappearanceofsettlersfromRoanokeIsland.TwoattemptsatcolonizationonRoanokeIslandwereundertakenatthedirectionoftheEnglishexplorerSirWalterRaleigh.Thesecondwasin1587undertheleadershipofJohnWhite,whoreturnedtoEnglandforsuppliessoonafterthecolonywasestablished.WarwithSpainintervened,andwhenWhitefinallyreturnedin1590，thecolonistshaddisappeared.TheonlytracesofthecolonywerethelettersCROcarvedintoatreeandthewordCroatoanfoundonapost.TheultimatefateofthesettlersisamysteryandhaskindledinterestsoffurtherImaginereturningtothelocationofwhathadpreviouslybeenaburgeoningcolonyofover100settlersonlytofindvillageabandonedwithnotraceoftheoccupants.ThisiswhathappenedtoJohnWhiteatRoanokeIsland.ThecircumstancessurroundingthedisappearanceoftheRoanokeColonyareoneofthebiggestmysteriesinAmericanhistory.August271587，Whitesetsail.Heleftbehindnotjustagroupofcolonistshehadorganized,butalsohisdaughterandnewlyborngrandchild.(遭到毒手）Heexpectedtoreturnthefollowingspring.Thatwouldproveimpossible.WhenWhitefinallylandedonRoanokeIsland,therewasnobodythere.TheonlyevidenceastowherethegroupmighthavegonewerethelettersnC-R-0"carvedintoonetreeand"Croatoan"inscribedonanothertree.BeforeheleftforEngland,WhiteandthesettlershaddiscussedthepossibilitythatcircumstancesmightforcerelocationnorthtowardtheChesapeakeBayareatheyhadoriginallyintendedtocolonize.Iftheyweregoingtodothis,theplanwastocarvetheirdestinationintoatree.Iftheywereforcedtomovebecausetheywereinsomekindofdanger,acrosswastobecarvedintothesametree.Sincetherewasnocrosstobefoundoneitherofthetreeswithwritingonit,Whitewaslefttoassumethatthemovewas2.CertainartcraftswerediscoveredintheCroatanIsland,suchasaringthatisparticularbelongingtoEngland.Thisisapowerfultracethatthefirstsettlerswenttotheisland.3.AnothertheorysuggeststheytookrefugewithfriendlyNativeAmericansonCroatanIslandandeventuallybecame19thCentury,thisevidencewasspeciallyprovedwhenalargegroupofmixed-bloodNativeAmericansofRobesonCountysoutheasternNorthCarolinaclaimedthattheyweredescendantsofthevanishedcolonistsandtheCroatan字神帝国英语学院一新托福考前点题Theexistingfoodsupplieswerenotenoughtomakethecolonyasuccess.Sotheearliersettlershadtorelocatetofindfoodtosustaintheirlives.Yet,Theexistingfoodsupplieswerenotenoughtomakethecolonyasuccess.Sotheearliersettlershadtorelocatetofindfoodtosustaintheirlives.Yet,beforeWhitehadleft,settlersmadeanagreementthatiftheywereforcedtomove,theyneededtogoinlands,ratherthancrossingtheseatotheisland,whichisacoastterrain.Besides,CroatoanIslandwassouthofRoanokewithextremelystrongwinds,whichmadeittoodangerousforshipstostayanchoredclosetoshore.Theevidenceunveiledintheislandisaring,whichundoubtedlybelongedtoEnglish.However,theowneroftheringwasnotoneofthesettlersinthisgroup.Soitallboileddowntothis—theringmustbetradedtothisisland.People,noworinthepast,weretravellingaroundforsurvivalreasonsorjustabetterlife.TherearemanyotherformEnglandlocatedintheUSaftertheRoanokeColony.SothepeoplewithBritishlook,suchaspaleyelloworgoldenhaircouldbeanyotherdescendantsofthoselatersettlersfromEngland.Shouldthegovernmentfinanciallyaidartprojectsor【网络版】政府该不该出钱支持艺术项目、组织？阅读：不应公民的娱乐已经超出了政府的管辖范围。而且有很多其他的东西需要政府的支持政府支持会产生 censorship,因为他们可以选择那些支持政府的作品艺术已经经很发达了，不需要支持。像电影什么的公民娱乐政府当然有责任。因为艺术与国家公园一样，都是recreaton并且会给人带来快乐。既然没人反对政府支持国家公园，为什么政府就不能支持艺术？政府支持不一定就会有censorship~S为有些机构是political-independent的，他们才不关心什么作品里的政治因素，他们就关心作品质量，还专门情普通专家来评判。如果大众所面对的都是那些商业化后的艺术就完蛋了。艺术当然需要政府支持，有些项目比如字神帝国英语学院一新托福考前点题ShouldthegovernmentfinanciallyaidartShouldthegovernmentfinanciallyaidartprojectsororganization?Reading:AgainstthisideasGovernmentissetupforthebettermentofitspeopleArtofcourseincludesHowevertherearemorematters(会有细节）thatneedourgovernment'sattention.Besides,artismorepronetothesideof“recreation”or“amusement,”whichisexceedingtheproperrangethatourgovernmentshouldtakeresponsibilityof.Ifgovernmentsupportsart,censorshipwilloccur.Inotherwords,thenatureofgovernmentfundingmeansthatthesystemwillchoosewhichgoodart1tofund,andthedevelopmentofartwillbelimited.举的细节是何种art依老美的逻辑一定会给例子Artistwillbehaveandtoavoidbeingtooradicalforfearoffacingcutsto3.Asiswellknown,arthasbeenwidelysupportedbythecitizens,fansorparticulargroups.Toputitdifferently,itbeenaided”inmanyformsbythepublicsuchasmoviesconcertsetc.(细节Listening:Fortheideaoffinancialaidfromthe1.Aswhatthereadingsays,thesetupofthegovernmentisforthebettermentofitscitizens.Thisofcourseincludesart,whichisgreatrecreation,justlikeNationalparks.Nationalparkshavebecomeoneoftheindispensablerecreationalactivitiesinourmodernsociety.NoobjectionsforthegovernmentsupportingNationalparksandthisconceptshouldalsoapplytoart-governmentshouldfundart.2.Therearesomeorganizationswhicharepolitical-independent.Onlythequalityofartwillbeviewedandchecked.Thissocalled“censorship”isdonebyprofessionalartistsandexperts.Onlyqualityofartwillbeemphasized,notregardingthe“good”artfavoredonlybythe3.Itisarealitythatartneedsfundtodevelop;ifthegovernmentdoesnotassist,thoseartpeopleororganizationswillthenturntoprivateorganizations.ThoseprivatefirmsorcompanieswillofcoursenotdoitforsimplysupportingThereisnofreelunch.Theymustgetsomethinginreturninordertogivetheirhardearnmoneyout.Whatwillhappenafterthis?Theartwillbecomecommercialized.Itisdoomedforthedevelopmentofart.Inaddition,certainartisofimportance,suchasartforchildren.Ifthisiscontrolledbytheprivatefirms,theresultis3.Gulf【网络版】一种叫gulfsturgeon的鱼经常高跃出水面jumpoutofwater阅读中给了三种原它在跳起来吃昆虫_feedingtoeatinsectsintheair它是摆脱寄生虫removeparasites字神帝国英语学院一新托福考前点题toattacktheboatsand听力中教授对文章中的三个观点一一反驳夏天这种鱼不吃东西(独家背景知识：这种鱼是夏天产卵），即使冬天它们吃东西也是吃河床附近的toattacktheboatsand听力中教授对文章中的三个观点一一反驳夏天这种鱼不吃东西(独家背景知识：这种鱼是夏天产卵），即使冬天它们吃东西也是吃河床附近的 西野生的鱼体表没有寄生虫，危险的体内internal的寄生虫，这些不能靠物理方法去除’鱼塘里养的鱼体表寄生虫，但是它们却不会跃出水游船受到冲撞只是偶然现象，没有船鱼也会跳出GulfsturgeonslivefromtheSuwaneeRiveronthewesterncoastofFloridatotheMississippiRiver,andmarinewatersofthecentralandeasternportionsoftheGulfofMexico.AllspeciesofsturgeonwilljumpintheriversduringJulyAugustandearlyintheoffshorefeedingperiod.ItisconjecturedthattheyjumpoutofwaterforthreeTheydosuchjumpingforfeedingreasons;forexample,theytrytoeatinsectsintheair.Theyjumptoremoveparasitesinthemwiththeforcesuchjumpingmovecreates.Theyjumpwhentheyarescaredbytheboatssailingfastontheriver.Whentheyarefrightened,theywouldtheboatsandtouristsbysuchDuringthesummertime,JulyandAugust,GulfSturgeonsdonotfeedonfood.Why?Inearlysummertheymigratefromtheseaintoriversortowardtheshoresoffreshwaterlakesforbreedingpurposes,duringwhichtheydonoteatanything.Inthewintertime,theyonlyeatfoodaroundtheriverbottom;sothereisnowayforthemtojumpoutofwaterforForwildfish,theyarelivingintheopenwateroutside.Theythereforedonothaveparasitesintheirbodysurface.AllthecreatureshaveparasitestosomeextentandGulfSturgeonsdohaveparasites,buttheycannotbegottenridofwithsuchmethods-jumpingoutofwater,fortheparasitesareinternalinthebody.Somedomesticatedgulfsturgeonkept,byhumans,inthepondhaveparasitesinthebodysurface,theydonotjumpoutofwaterforgettingridofparasites.So,thismeansevenifgulfsturgeonhadparasitesonthebodysurface,theydonotjumpoutofwaterforsuchneed.Sinceatleast2002,boatersontheSuwanneeRiverhaveaccidentallyrunintojumpingsturgeoneveryleadingtoseriousinjuries.However,thisisonlyaccidentaloccasions.Theydojumpoutofwatereventhoughtherearenoboatsortouristsaround.SampleBoththereadingandthelectureholddifferentpositions,respectively,ontheissueofjumpingfishinFloridathatisabletojumpoutofthesurfaceforfood.字神帝国英语学院一新托福考前点题First,thespeakerpointsoutFirst,thespeakerpointsoutthatthefishdonoteatinsectsthatarelocatedintheair.Thespeakeralsonotesthatthefishdonoteatduringtheirbreedingpurposeinthesummer.Eveninthewintertime,thefishonlyeatunderwaterfoodorfoodneartheriverbottom.Thisassertioninthelecturecontradictsinthereadingthatthefishjumptocatchpreysbyflyingabovethewater'sSecond,thelecturerclaimsthatfishdonotjumptogetridofparasites.Accordingtothelecturer,evenfarmingsturgeondoesnotjumpinthepond.So,thereisnoreasonforgulfsturgeonlivinginthewildtojumpintheirarea.Inaddition,thewild-livingsturgeonfishhasnoparasitesonthebodysurface,sotheydonotjumpforsuchreason.Theydohaveparasitesexistinginthebody,butitisinsidethebodyandjumpingwillnothelpatalltogetridofthem.Thelecturer'sargumentchallengesinthereadingthatthereasonwhyfishjumpistodislodgeFinally,theprofessorfromthelisteningcontentconcludesthatthehappeningoflargefishcollidewithboatsisjustanaccident.Theprofessoralsoclaimsthatthefishjumpanywaywithvisitorsorwithboats.Theprofessor'sclaimcontrastsinthereadingwhicharguesthatjumpingisaresponsetoinvadersthatcomestothefish'sterritory.4.ThefirstsettlersofEaster【网络版】复活节岛EasterIsland阅读观点是复活节岛的原始居民是从南美洲来的理由1南美人民可能不远万里乘风破浪驾驶坚不可摧的rafts而来理由2复活节岛上的一个stonewall用的高科技手段跟南美一wall很神似理 3复活节岛上的一些植物在南美有很多实际作用说明他们可能是南美人民带到岛上[听力观点是传说中的复活节岛的首批居民是南美人根本就是瞎扯蛋理由1没任何证据证明南美人民曾驾着小船到达岛上因岛上啥rt比如钢碗瓢盆之类的东西都找不着理由2岛上那wall跟南美那wall根本就是两码事因为岛上那wall瞅着挺玄乎实际里面是本来是空用其他比较轻的石头填进去的所以根本不需要南美wall那么高端的技术理由3岛上的貌似南美plant们很有可能是自己漂洋过海来到这片新土地的而不是靠人弄过来FaroutintheSouthPacificOcean,about2,350miles(3,780kilometers)westofChile,liesEasterIsland,oneoftheloneliestislandsintheworld.It‟snearestinhabitedneighborisPitcairnIsland,1,300miles(2,100kilometers)away.TheinhabitantsofEasterIsland,ofmostlyPolynesiandescent,aresurvivorsofapeoplewhowereonceskilledworkersinstoneandwoodandhadaformofwritingdifferentfromanyother字神帝国英语学院一新托福考前点题8Hundredsofyearsago,aHundredsofyearsago,asmallgroupofPolynesiansrowedtheirwoodenoutriggercanoesacrossvaststretchesofopensea,navigatingbytheeveningstarsandtheday'soceanswells.Whenandwhythesepeoplelefttheirnativelandremainsamystery.Butwhatisclearisthattheymadeasmall,uninhabitedislandwithrollinghillsandalushcarpetofpalmtreestheirnewhome,eventuallynamingtheir63squaremilesofparadiseRapaNui—nowpopularlyknownasEasterThereareculturalsimilaritiesexistbetweenEasterIslandandSouthAmericanIndianculturesandinfactthefirstsettlinginEasterislandisfromSouthNearly2,300mileswestofSouthAmericaand1,100milesfromthenearestisland,thenewcomers,possiblyfromAmericadriftedtothisislandbyraft,orbalsaraft,theKon-Tiki.EvidenceshowsthatthisissolidenoughtosailsuchvoyagefromsouthAmericatothosepacificislands，EasterIslandincludedThenewcomerstothisislandchiseledawayatvolcanicstone,carvingmoai,monolithicstatuesbuilttohonortheirancestors.SomeofthestonewallsarealsobuiltforthispurposeandthetechniquesusedaresimilartothoseusedintheSouthAmerica.SotheremustbeavitallinkbetweenthesetwoSomeoftheplants(同学可以在阅读段上读到）intheEasterislandsharethesamegeneticrootswiththosediscoveredintheSouthAmericainwhichlocalpeoplefarmedandcultivated.MostoffieldsinEasterIslandwerethicklypackedwithbothlargeandsmalllumpsofcellularandtuffaceouslavathatwaseitherblackorrustyincolor.isnotsuitabletosuchplanttogrowtobeendemicplanttothis字神帝国英语学院一新托福考前点题9Variousinterpretationsofthisstory—howthefirstsettlers-cameVariousinterpretationsofthisstory—howthefirstsettlers-cametoEasterIslandhavebeenmade.BynowayscanthefirstcomertothisislandfromtheSouthAmerica.Thereisnoevidencethatraftsorcanonscouldcomelandinginthisislandafarbyfloatingacrosstheocean.Evenifitdid,therewerenoartifactsleft,suchascookingutensils,toolsbroughtwiththemfordailylifeinsuchharshlivingThetechniquesusedinbothplaces—aredifferent.ThestonewallsinEasterIslandareloosethatislandersfilledtheslitoropeningwithlighterstone-likematerials.AsforthewallinSouthAmerica,theyareirregularlyshaped,fittogetherwiththeutmostprecision,andsmallholesorchinksarefilledwithperfectlyfittedstones.NothinglikethemhasbeenfoundoninthisAsfortheplantsharingthesamegeneticrootsoftheSouthAmerica,itcanbefloateditselftothisisland.Thiskindofplantsisalsofoundinotherislandnearby.5.【网络版】关于长颈恐龙(Sauropods)的脖子一般是竖直的还是横的阅读：恐龙的脖子一般是横着horizontal的，因为骨骼化石连接起来是横着的必须高血压才能把血液供到大脑和循环抬着脖子够树叶太高了，消耗能量听lecturer说不够convincing因为脖子除了骨骼，还有肌肉和另一个什么东西（给了单词）有一个另外一个动物同样情况，但发展了一个强劲的心脏下面树叶还有其他的类型的恐龙竞争，他们吃不到，只好努力抬头吃，吃了还能补充能量字神帝国英语学院一新托福考前点题字神点题班版本TheSauropod字神点题班版本TheSauropodwasoneofthetallestandlargestdinosaursyetfound.Ithadalongneck,smallhead,andrelativelyshort,thicktail.Severalanatomicalfeaturesenabledthisbigcreaturetosurviveandthrive-theextremeelongatedneckespecially.Inordertomovefreelywithsuchlarge_sizedbody,itsneckbonesarearrangedhorizontally,orbeam-like,forthreeAccordingtotheexcavationofthefossils,thecervicalvertebrae，orneckbonesarestructuredhorizontallyforsupportingtheheavyweighttomovefreely.TheSauropodneededtohavelarge,powerfulheartsandveryhighbloodpressureinordertopumpbloodupthelongnecktotheheadandbrain,whichisapproximately15timesthesizeoftheheartsofwhalesofsimilarsize.TheheadsandbrainsoftheSauropodwereheldhighaboveitsheart.Thispresentsaprobleminblood-flowengineering,soahorizontalpositionedneckboneswereamust.Withthelong-neckanatomicalstructure,itwouldtakeuptoomanycaloriestoconsumeleavesorconesfortheuppersectionofconifers.Thisbehaviorwouldtakeuproughlyhalfofitsenergyintake.Inaddition,theneckoftheSauropodwasreallyimmobile.Soithastobehorizontalforthemtomovetothelowerpositionofthetreeforfood,beingnotalwayshastoreachfoodintheuppersectionofthetree.TheprofessordisagreeswithsuchclaimthattheneckisheldverticallyoruprightforseveralAsidefromneckbonesinthestructure,theneckintheanatomyalsohasmusclestosustaintheheavyweight,soamembranousstructurecalled,valves,aholloworganorpassageinanarterythathelppreventtheback-flowofblood.Inaddition,pneumaticity，cavitiesfilledwithairinthebone,wasdevelopedforthelongneckandthisfacilitatedtheuseofairtopumpuptheblood.Italsomeanstheneckwouldnotbeasheavyasmostpeoplethinkbecauseithasmuchairinit,soitcanbeverticallypositionedintheAnothercasecanshowthattheneckbonestructureisaverticaldevice.Ostrich,alarge,swift-runningflightlessbird,canbecitedasanexample.Ithasalongbareneckandasmallheadaswell.Inordertousetheneckinitsfullestforsurvive.Thefunctionofhearthassomuchimprovedandevolvedthatithelpsupbloodtransmittedtotheneck,aswellastheheadtosustaintheheavyweight.Ittookmuchenergytousetheheavyneckforfoodintheuppersectionofthetreebycalculation.However,theywerenaturallybuiltforreachingforleavesgrowingintheuppersectioninthefoodchain.Thelowersectionofthetree,thebushandvegetationforexample,weretoocompetitive.Not,afterall,allthecreatureswereaslargeastheSauropod,whichwasconsumingtheotherpartsofthefoodinevolution.Besides,theycouldconsumegreatenergyby字神帝国英语学院一新托福考前点题abundanceoffoodsourceabundanceoffoodsourcethatnomanyothercreaturescoulddepriveSampleThelisteningcontentsaystheSauropodneckbonestructureispositionedinaverticalarrangement,whichiscontrarythereadingthatsaysitishorizontallyarrangedforbeingabletosupportitwithoutFirstly,thespeakermentionsthevalvesandthepneumaticstructureintheneck,whichmeansvalvescanbesuretobloodslidingbacktotheheartandthereareairsacsthatmaketheneckbonesnotasheavyaswethink,sothosearereasonstosupporttheheavyneck;however,thereadingsaysthefossilbeingre-constructedisarrangedhorizontally.Secondly,accordingtothelecturer,thefunctionofheartisevolvedforelongatedneck.Thatistoosay,withstrongheartfunction,itwasabletopumpupthebloodwithhigherenergytotheneckaswellasthehead,justlikeostrichmentionedinthelistening.Thelongneckstructurewillnotcauseproblems.ThislikewiserefutestheauthorinthatthebloodtransmissiontheheadandtheneckisThirdly,thelisteningcontentindicatesthatthestructureofthelongneckisnaturallydesigned,anditmeansthatinthefoodchain,variouscreaturesareresponsiblefordifferentpartofthe,say,tree.Inaddition,thelowersectionofthetreeisthefoodsourceofavarietyofcreatureswhichistoocompetitive.Nevertheless,thereadingsaysittakestoomuchenergytoreachfoodinthehigherpositionofthetree.Insummary,thespeakerthinksthattheanatomyintheSauropod‟sneckshouldbebuiltverticallyanditholdsadifferentstandfromwhatthereadingThesauropodsincludethelargestdinosaursofall.ThroughouttheJurassicandCretaceousperiodsthesauropodsinhabitedallcontinentsandevolvedintodozensofdifferentspecies.IntheJurassic,theywerethedominantherbivoresonEarth,butbythelateCretaceoustheyhadbeenreplacedforthemostpartbyarmored,horned,andduck-billeddinosaurs.Scientistshaveidentifiedmanydifferentsubgroupsofthesauropods,buttheclassificationoftheseanimalscontinuestochange.Allmemberswerequadrupedsandhadelephant-likebodies,longnecks,longtails,andsmallheads.Some,suchasDiplodocus,werelongandslender.Others,suchasBrachiosaurus,wereheavilybuilt,withlongfrontlegsandaneckthatcraneduplikeagiraffe's.Some,likeTitanosaurus,possessedarmorplatesintheirskin,andtheChinesesauropodShunosaurushadabonyclubontheendofitstail.ThelargestanimalsthateverroamedtheEarthweretheherbivorous,orplant-eating,Sauropod,asubcategoryoftheorderSaurischia(lizard-hippeddinosaurs).Asagroup,theSauropodwasremarkablylong-lived.TheirremainshavebeenfoundinfossilbedsdatingfromthelateTriassicthroughtheearlyCretaceousperiods—atimespanofmorethan100millionyears.AllspeciesofSauropodsharedsimilarphysicalcharacteristics,includingasmallskullandanextremelylong,flexibleneck.Unlikemostmodernanimals,thenostrilsofSauropodwerelocatedhighupontheheadneartheeyesratherthantowardtheendofthesnout.AllSauropodhadaverylong,musculartail,amassivebody,andfoursturdy,columnarlegsthatendedinelephant-likefeet.TheSauropodwerequadrupeds,meaningthattheytraveledonallfourlegs.Theirspinewashollowedatthesides,providingstructuralstrengthwhileremainingrelativelylightweight.Sauropodshadahugehipgirdlethatwasfusedtothespinebyfourorfivesacralvertebrae.Thisprovidedsupporttoboththebodyandtail.Paleontologistsoncebelievedthattheatthesides,providingstructuralstrengthwhileremainingrelativelylightweight.Sauropodshadahugehipgirdlethatwasfusedtothespinebyfourorfivesacralvertebrae.Thisprovidedsupporttoboththebodyandtail.Paleontologistsoncebelievedthatthelargestsauropods,suchasBrachiosaurusandApatosaurus,livedinswampsorotherlargebodiesofwaterinordertosupporttheirimmenseweight.Laterstudiesconcluded,however,thatsauropodswerestrictlylandanimals.Itbecameapparenttoscientiststhatthegreatpressureatdepthsneededtocompletelysubmergethedinosaurs,massivebodieswouldhavecrushedtheirlungs,leadingtosuffocation.Fossilfindingsalsoconfirmthatthemassive,pillar-likelegsandskeletalconstructionwereabletosupportthegiantsauropodsonland.Becauseoftheirsize,mostsauropodsmostlikelyhadadistinctfeedingadvantageoverotherland-dwellingdinosaurs—theirextremelylongnecksenabledthemtobrowseamongthetopsofthetallesttrees.Unlikemostherbivores,whichgenerallyhaveextremelystrongteeththathelptogrindthetoughcelluloseandlignininplants,theteethofmostsauropodswererelativelyweak.Fossilevidencehasrevealed,however,thatthesauropodshadastrategythatenabledthemtoovercomethisdeficiency—theyswallowedsmallstones,whichhelpedthemgrinduptheplantmatterintheir6.National阅读：反对nationalpark将垫收门票。理由有三点：Nationalparksareownedbythewholepeople,itisunfairtochargethefeetotheAfeemaydiscouragethepeopletogotheBychargingthefee,theemployeeintheparksmayhavetodoimmenseworkandneglecttheirrealworks(tellthevisitorsabouttheparks 听力中作者支持收费，同时反对上面Althoughtheparksareownedbyeveryone,itisnotusedbyeveryone.Somepeoplemaynevergotosuchparks.Itisunfairforthemtoalsopayforthatintheformoftax.peoplemaychargelowerfeetolessfamousparkswhileahigherfeeforthefamousones.Inthisway,itcanencouragethepeopletovisitlessfamousparks.Bychargingfees,thestaffsintheparkcanhaveaclosercontacttothevisitorsandthiscanhelpimprovetheservicequality.Asstaffscanknowhowmanypeopleareinthepark,itisfavorabletothesafetylevel.字神独家回原版字神独家回原版Anationalparkreferstonaturalorsemi-naturallandthatissetasidefortherecreationaluseandenjoymentofpeopleandforenvironmentalprotectionbythegovernment.Notall,butmostnationalparkscollectadmissionfees.ThisdisturbssomepeoplewhobelievethatchargingvisitorsisFirst,theymaythinkthatitisunfairthatcertainnationalparkschargeadmissionfees.Thiscomesfromthefactthatthenationalparksareownedbythegovernmentwhichcollectstaxesfromcitizens.Suchtaxesincludemaintenancefeeforthepublicownedparksandnationalparksareofcourseincluded.Withthesupportofthegovernment,nationalparksshouldoperateatnocost.Therefore,chargingentrancefeeswhilereceivingfinancialsupportfromthegovernmentseemslikedouble-Second,nationalparksarecreatednotonlyforenvironmentalprotectionbutmainlyforpeople'senjoyment.Thus,theparks‟operationslargelydependonthenumberofpeoplevisitingtheparks.Demandingtheadmissionfeesdiscouragesvisitorsfromgoingsincetheyhavetheoptiontovisitotherparksthatdon‟tchargethem.Inorderforthenationalparkstoattractmorepeopletovisit,theyshouldeliminatetheThird,chargingadmissionfeeswilllowerthequalityoftheservice.Thismayseemcontradictorysincemoremoneyprovidesbetterservices.Withchargingthefee,parkpeoplewillhavetodealmorewiththesalesofadmissionlestsomeonesneaksintheparkswithoutpaymentortotakecareofbusinessaboutthetickets.Thishoweverisnotwhatthemajorresponsibilityoftheparkpeople.Instead,theyshouldtellvisitorsmoreabouttheparkregardingtheprotectionofthenaturalenvironment,thesafetyofthevisitorswhenparticipatinginthisnaturalplace.ThosethingsshouldthemajorjobsofthepeopleservingintheNationalparksandshouldfocuson.Thus,chargingfeesfromvisitorswilldistractthemfromfulfillingThereadingpassagemakesitlooklikenationalparksaretakingadvantageofpeoplebydemandingentrancefees,right?Buteachofthestatementsmadeinthereadingpassagecanberefuted.Admissionfeesareonlytheretobenefitthevisitors,nottheparksFirstoff,let，stalkabouttheunfairnessofcollectingentrancefees.Thenationalparksreceivefinancialsupportfromthegovernment.However,bycollectingadmissionfees,parksneedlessgovernmentalfundingwhichmeansthetaxesthatpeoplenationalparksseemmoreunfair?So,ifpeoplehavetopayforthemaintenanceofthenationalparkseitherway,chargingpeoplewhoactuallyvisittheparksismorelogicalandInaddition,chargingthevisitorsdoesnotdiscouragethemfromvisiting.Infact,lessfamousnationalparkswillbenefitfromthedifferencesinthechargesamongthenationalparks.ChargingadmissionfeeswillhelpNationalparkstoattractmorevisitors.Peoplemaychargelowerfeetolessfamousparkswhileahigherfeeforthefamousones,suchasYellowstoneParkorThegreatcanyon.Inthisway,itcanencouragethepeopletovisitlessfamousparkssincevisitorsprefertopaylessfortouringtherecentlyincreasedasmanynationalparkshavetriedtoenhancetheirquality.Visitorscanenjoytheuniqueopportunitiestheparks,suchastheparks,suchaswildlifesightings,iftheparkshavemoremoneytouseforimprovingtheirservice.