北京2021高考D篇阅读分析与解析

北京2021高考D篇阅读分析与解析讲义

一篇文章的难或易取决于其所要传达的事物，现象，主旨或思想的鲜见和显见。好的文

章始终是深奥难懂且发人深省，我们需要一遍又一遍地咀嚼和回味，随作者的笔触而起伏跌

宕并从不同的角度生发更高层次的认识。本文便如此。

Earlyfifth-centuryphilosopherSt.Augustinefamouslywrotethatheknewwhat

timewasunlesssomeoneaskedhim.AlbertEinsteinaddedanotherwrinklewhenhe

theorizedthattimevariesdependingonwhereyoumeasureit.Today's

state-of-the-artatomic（原子的）clockshaveprovenEinsteinright.Evenadvanced

physicscan'tdecisivelytelluswhattirneis,becausetheanswerdependsonthe

questionyou'reasking.

从St.Augustine到AlbertEinstein,作者旨在说明whattimeisdependsonthe

z没有了惯常的开门见山的打法，大家要紧随作者的拳路。

questionyoureaskingo

Forgetabouttimeasanabsolute.Whatifzinsteadofconsideringtimeinterms

ofastronomy,werelatedtimetoecology?Whatifweallowedenvironmental

conditionstosetthetempo（节奏）ofhumanlife?We/reincreasinglyawareofthe

factthatwecan'tcontrolEarthsystemswithengineeringalone,andrealizingthat

weneedtomoderate（调节）ouractionsifwehopetoliveinbalance.Whatifour

definitionoftimereflectedthat?

一句Forgetabouttimeasanabsolute,反向得出Timeisn'tanabsolute。也让读

者生疑：wherewilltheauthorleadus?极具语言张力的三个whatif连珠炮似的甩出，

既呼应上文whattimeisdependsonthequestionyou'reasking又表达了自己的

definitionoftime。也即,hisdefinitionoftimeisrelatedtoecologyandreflectsthat

weneedtomoderate（调节）ouractionsifwehopetoliveinbalance。

Recently,Iconceptualizedanewapproachtotimekeepingthat'sconnectedto

circumstancesonourplanet,conditionsthatmightchangeasaresultofglobal

warming.We'renowbuildingaclockattheAnchorageMuseumthatreflectsthe

totalflowofseveralmajorAlaskanrivers,whicharesensitivetolocalandglobal

environmentalchanges.We/veprogrammedittomatchanatomicclockifthe

waterwayscontinuetoflowattheirpresentrate.Iftheriversrunfasterinthefuture

onaverage,theclockwillgetaheadofstandardtime.Iftheyrunslower,you'llsee

theoppositeeffect.

作者的三个问题只是笼统地表达自己关于时间定义，可谓犹抱琵琶半遮面，而全文的制高点

则在于第三和第四自然段。“anewapproachtotimekeeping”既承接上文，更让我们

顿觉峰回路转。诸位，让我们迎接这孔雀开屏的盛状吧。

任何空洞的口号或鸡汤终觉肤浅。身体力行，更准确地说标新立异的身体力行则更能发人深

省。

先有构思，Iconceptualizedanewapproachtotimekeepingthat'sconnectedto

circumstancesonourplanet,conditionsthatmightchangeasaresultofglobal

warming。再有身体力彳亍的实践，We'renowbuildingaclockattheAnchorageMuseum

thatreflectsthetotalflowofseveralmajorAlaskanrivers,whicharesensitiveto

localandglobalenvironmentalchangeso从基于我们星球的由于全球变暖的状况的特殊

计时方法，再到正在建立于theAnchorageMuseum的反应阿拉斯加几条主要河流的总流

量的钟表，作者真可谓别出心裁。

阿拉斯加是全球气候变化敏感之地，取决于冰川冻结和融化的河中水流的干枯丰盈是这种敏

感反应的外在显现。

读至U止匕，各位，我们是不是已经picturesomeimagesaboutthewriter'snewapproach

totimekeepingandhisclock?

依据环境变化的计时构思和钟表已明确，接下来便是依据何种原理来操作。

作者娓娓道来。河道流淌的当前速度是设定该钟表和原子钟表也即标准时间同步的条件。因

此得出，在将来，如果流速变快，则河道钟表的计时快于标准时间，反之亦然。

你是否从作者的表述中嗅出此举的用意？别急，此时的屏只是半展开状态。

Theclockregistersbothshort-termirregularitiesandlong-termtrendsinriver

dynamics.It'sasortofobservatorythatrevealshowtheriversarebehavingfrom

theirowntemporalframe（时间框架），andallowsustowitnessthosechangesonour

smartwatchesorphones.AnyonewhooptstogoonAlaskaMeanRiverTimewill

liveinharmonywiththeplanet.Anyonewhoconsidersrivertimeinrelationto

atomictimewillencounteramajorimbalanceandmaybemotivatedtocounteract

itbyconsuminglessfuelorsupportinggreenerpolicies.

如此抽象的时间定义必须用浓墨重彩加以详述。此钟表既记录河流短期的不规律流淌又记录

河流长期的动力趋势。这不就是类似的观测站吗。用于展示河流自身的时间框架下的一举一

动。而所有的变化皆可在智能手表和手机上显示。如同每天的走步数字显示在手机上，提醒

我们运动燃烧calorie从而带来健康。此钟表的用意何尝不是如此呢。它时刻提醒我们will

liveinharmonywiththeplanet,andconsumelessfuelorsupportgreenerpolicies,

至此，色彩斑斓的大屏已经全部打开。在作者的倡导之下，it'stimeforyouandmetod。

somethingtokeepbalancewithourplanet。

Evenifthismethodoftimekeepingisnovelinitsparticulars,earlyagricultural

societiesalsoconnectedtimetonaturalphenomena.Inpre-ClassicalGreece,for

instance,people"corrected"officialcalendarsbyshiftingdatesforwardor

backwardtoreflectthechangeofseason.Temporalconnectiontotheenvironment

wasvitaltotheirsurvival.Likewise,rivertimeandothertimekeepingsystemswe're

developingmayencourageenvironmentalawareness.

打出去的拳头缩回来再打出去才更有力度。此处的novel算是呼应上文的newoEarly

agriculturalsocietiesalsoconnectedtimetonaturalphenomena中的also指明古人

早有此类实践。Temporalconnectiontotheenvironmentwasvitaltotheirsurvival,

古人尚知时间和环境的关联对于生存的重要性，更何况今人呢。作者最终千呼万唤出自己的

旨意：rivertimeandothertimekeepingsystemswe'redevelopingmayencourage

environmentalawarenesso旨在唤起各位的环境意识。

WhenSt.Augustineadmittedhisinabilitytodefinetime,hehighlightedoneof

time'smostnoticeablequalities:Timebecomesmeaningfulonlyinadefined

context.Anytimekeepingsystemisvalid,andeachisaspraiseworthyasitspurpose.

再长的旅程终有停下来的时候。文章也如此。前呼后应是多数议论文和说明文常用的方式。

冯老师在上一篇文章当中称之为“合拢”。St.Augustine'sinabilitytodefinetime

得出Timebecomesmeaningfulonlyinadefinedcontext,时间只在特定的情境下方有

意义。Anytimekeepingsystemisvalid,andeachisaspraiseworthyasitspurpose一

句更是作者对自己理念和身体力行所创造的钟表的肯定。

31.WhatisthemainideaofParagraph1?

A.Timekeepingisincreasinglyrelatedtonature.

B.Everyonecandefinetimeontheirownterms.

C.Thequalitiesoftimevarywithhowyoumeasureit.

D.Timeisamajorconcernofphilosophersandscientists.

32.TheauthorraisesthreequestionsinParagra