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2013最佳教师金奖。编有《那些一生一世的单词》、《新GRE阅读理解与解析》、《新GREverbal160+必备词汇》、《新托福110+必备词汇》等。上校GRE课程理念先做，在考试时间内完成，并且全对。(短文章5分钟看完做完，长文章10分钟看完做完)做完后再分析，也就是你们看到的ppt分析整个过程会模拟实战的时候的过程。让考生体会我是如何看文章，如何做题的短文章处理方式具体that从句状语(方式、结果、原因)例子、破折号区分抽象(主题)、具体(细节)之间的关系抓住文章内部的“矛盾冲突”等对比关系。比如时间先后对比，难易对比，例如"simple","complex"详读主题，略读细节Passage1物理学：论舞蹈动作的物理特性分析Analyzingthephysicsofdancecanaddfundamentallytoadancer’sskill.Although[让步]dancersseldomseethemselvestotallyinphysicalterms—asbodymassmovingthroughspaceundertheinfluenceofwell-knownforcesandobeyingphysicallaws—neither[否定出现]cantheyaffordtoignorethephysicsofmovement.Forexample,nomatterhowmuchadancerwishestoleapoffthefloorandthenstartturning,thelawofconservationofangularmomentumabsolutelypreventssuchamovement.说同一意思，先让步否定，然后再转折回归（重点）Somemovements[involvingprimarilyverticalorhorizontalmotionsofthebodyasawhole,inwhichrotationscanbeignored,条件]canbestudied[usingsimpleequationsoflinearmotioninthreedimensions.]However,rotationalmotionsrequiremorecomplexapproaches[thatinvolveanalysesofthewaythebody’smassisdistributed,theaxesofrotationinvolvedindifferenttypesofmovement,andthesourcesoftheforcesthatproducetherotationalmovement.]（抓抽象主体）（plex矛盾）（some–some否定）抓矛盾抓对比抓关系抓主体内涵，轻细节Passage1主题观点的对比Analyzingthephysicsofdance

canaddfundamentallytoadancer’sskill.Althoughdancersseldomseethemselvestotallyinphysicalterms—asbodymassmovingthroughspaceundertheinfluenceofwell-knownforcesandobeyingphysicallaws—neithercantheyaffordtoignorethephysicsofmovement.Forexample,nomatterhowmuchadancerwishestoleapoffthefloorandthenstartturning,thelawofconservationofangularmomentumabsolutelypreventssuchamovement.Somemovements[involvingprimarilyverticalorhorizontalmotionsofthebodyasawhole,inwhichrotationscanbeignored,条件]canbestudied[usingsimpleequationsoflinearmotioninthreedimensions.]However,rotationalmotionsrequiremorecomplexapproaches[thatinvolveanalysesofthewaythebody’smassisdistributed,theaxesofrotationinvolvedindifferenttypesofmovement,andthesourcesoftheforcesthatproducetherotationalmovement.]（抓观点对比）Remember：主题题要去掉细节，抓主干(主题)^^Analyzingthephysicsofdance

canadd..toadancer’sskill.Althoughdancersseldomseethemselves

totally

inphysicalterms..neither

cantheyaffordtoignorethephysicsofmovement.Forexample,..Somemovements

..anbestudied

..However,

rotationalmotionsrequiremorecomplex

approaches...1.Theprimarypurposeofthepassageisto(A)initiateadebateovertwoapproachestoanalyzingafieldofstudy(B)describehowonefieldofknowledgecanbeappliedtoanotherfield(C)pointoutthecontradictionsbetweentwodistincttheories(D)defineandelaborateonanacceptedscientificprinciple(E)discusstheapplicationofanewtheorywithinanewsetting主旨题：抓所有内容的主题内涵；注意主旨题目的动词和focus；主旨往往比较抽象，一般不会出现具体细节，只会出现generaltermsRemember：主题题要去掉细节，抓主干(主题)^^Analyzingthephysicsofdance

canadd..toadancer’sskill.Althoughdancersseldomseethemselves

totally

inphysicalterms..neither

cantheyaffordtoignorethephysicsofmovement.Forexample,..Somemovements

..anbestudied

..However,

rotationalmotionsrequiremorecomplex

approaches...1.Theprimarypurposeofthepassageisto(A)initiateadebateovertwoapproachestoanalyzingafieldofstudy(B)describehowonefieldofknowledgecanbeappliedtoanotherfield(C)pointoutthecontradictionsbetweentwodistincttheories(D)defineandelaborateonanacceptedscientificprinciple(E)discusstheapplicationofanewtheorywithinanewsetting细节题，关键在定位。 EXCEPT题考点必在文章并列处！！

Forexample,nomatterhowmuchadancerwishestoleapoffthefloorandthenstartturning,the(A)lawofconservationofangularmomentumabsolutelypreventssuchamovement.(C)[usingsimpleequationsoflinearmotioninthreedimensions.][thatinvolveanalysesof

thewaythe(B)

body’smassisdistributed,theaxesofrotationinvolvedindifferenttypesofmovement,andthe(D)sourcesoftheforcesthatproducetherotationalmovement.2.Theauthormentionsallofthefollowingascontributingtoanunderstandingofthephysicsofdance

EXCEPT:(A)thelawofconservationofangularmomentum(B)analysesofthewayinwhichthebody’smassisdistributed(C)equationsoflinearmotioninthreedimensions(D)analysesofthesourcesthatproducerotationalmotions(E)thetechnicaltermsformovementssuchasleapsandturnsExcept细节题目，首先要注意的就是并列处；细节内容主要通过定位找对应，而不是深入理解；关键是细节的功能，和哪些general的主题有关，什么关系？细节题，关键在定位。 EXCEPT题考点必在文章并列处！！

Forexample,nomatterhowmuchadancerwishestoleapoffthefloorandthenstartturning,the(A)lawofconservationofangularmomentumabsolutelypreventssuchamovement.(C)[usingsimpleequationsoflinearmotioninthreedimensions.][thatinvolveanalysesof

thewaythe(B)

body’smassisdistributed,theaxesofrotationinvolvedindifferenttypesofmovement,andthe(D)sourcesoftheforcesthatproducetherotationalmovement.2.Theauthormentionsallofthefollowingascontributingtoanunderstandingofthephysicsofdance

EXCEPT:(A)thelawofconservationofangularmomentum(B)analysesofthewayinwhichthebody’smassisdistributed(C)equationsoflinearmotioninthreedimensions(D)analysesofthesourcesthatproducerotationalmotions(E)thetechnicaltermsformovementssuchasleapsandturnsPassage1物理学：论舞蹈动作的物理特性分析

neithercantheyaffordtoignorethephysicsofmovement.Forexample,nomatterhowmuchadancerwishestoleapoffthefloorandthenstartturning,thelawofconservationofangularmomentumabsolutelypreventssuchamovement.However,

rotationalmotionsrequiremorecomplex

approaches[thatinvolveanalysesof

thewaythebody’smassisdistributed,theaxesofrotationinvolvedindifferenttypesofmovement,andthesourcesoftheforcesthatproducetherotationalmovement.]3.Theauthorimpliesthatdancerscanemoreskilledbydoingwhichofthefollowing?(A)Ignoringrotationalmovements(B)Understandingtheforcesthatpermitvariousmovements(C)Solvingsimplelinearequations(D)Learningthetechnicaltermsutilizedbychoreographers(E)Circumventingthelawofconservationofangularmomentum虚拟语气应该找缺陷wouldbemoreif；这里并非虚拟语气，而是文章本身要表达的观点；Passage1物理学：论舞蹈动作的物理特性分析

neithercantheyaffordtoignorethephysicsofmovement.Forexample,nomatterhowmuchadancerwishestoleapoffthefloorandthenstartturning,thelawofconservationofangularmomentumabsolutelypreventssuchamovement.However,

rotationalmotionsrequiremorecomplex

approaches[thatinvolveanalysesof

thewaythebody’smassisdistributed,theaxesofrotationinvolvedindifferenttypesofmovement,andthesourcesoftheforcesthatproducetherotationalmovement.]3.Theauthorimpliesthatdancerscanemoreskilledbydoingwhichofthefollowing?(A)Ignoringrotationalmovements(B)Understandingtheforcesthatpermitvariousmovements(C)Solvingsimplelinearequations(D)Learningthetechnicaltermsutilizedbychoreographers(E)Circumventingthelawofconservationofangularmomentum文中的对比点，经常是必考点！！However,

rotationalmotions

requiremorecomplex

approaches[thatinvolveanalysesof

thewaythebody’smassisdistributed,theaxesofrotationinvolvedindifferenttypesofmovement,andthesourcesoftheforcesthatproducetherotationalmovement.]4.Analysisofwhichofthefollowingwouldrequirethekindofcomplexapproachdescribedinlines14-19?(A)Alongleapacrossspace(B)Ashortjumpupwardwithareturntothesameplace(C)Asustainedandcontrolledturninplace(D)Short,rapidstepsforwardandthenbackwardwithoutturning(E)Quicksidestepsinadiagonalline文中的对比点，经常是必考点！！However,

rotationalmotions

requiremorecomplex

approaches[thatinvolveanalysesof

thewaythebody’smassisdistributed,theaxesofrotationinvolvedindifferenttypesofmovement,andthesourcesoftheforcesthatproducetherotationalmovement.]4.Analysisofwhichofthefollowingwouldrequirethekindofcomplexapproachdescribedinlines14-19?(A)Alongleapacrossspace(B)Ashortjumpupwardwithareturntothesameplace(C)Asustainedandcontrolledturninplace(D)Short,rapidstepsforwardandthenbackwardwithoutturning(E)Quicksidestepsinadiagonalline韦氏大学字典的解析：rotational：onecompleteturn备考过程中，不经常查韦氏大学字典，纯陪考！！！Passage2气候学：云层系统时气温的影响Ifasupernova(theexplosionofamassivestar)triggeredstarformationfromdensecloudsofgasanddust,andifthemostmassivestartobeformedfromthecloudevolvedintoasupernovaandtriggeredanewroundofstarformation,andsoon,thenachainofstar-formingregionswouldresult.Ifmanysuchchainswerecreatedinadifferentiallyrotatinggalaxy,thedistributionofstarswouldresembletheobserveddistributioninaspiralgalaxy.Thislineofreasoningunderliesanexciting

newtheory

ofspiral-galaxystructure.Acomputersimulationbasedon

thistheory

hasreproducedtheappearanceofmanyspiralgalaxieswithoutassuminganunderlying【densitywave,thehallmarkofthemostwidelyacceptedtheoryofthelarge-scalestructureofspiralgalaxies.Thattheorymaintainsthatadensitywaveofspiralformsweepsthroughthecentralplaneofagalaxy,compressingcloudsofgasanddust,whichcollapseintostarsthatformaspiralpattern.】If..andif..If..thedistributionofstarswouldresembletheobserveddistributioninaspiralgalaxy.Thislineofreasoningunderliesanexciting

newtheory

ofspiral-galaxystructure....【densitywave,thehallmarkofthemostwidelyacceptedtheoryofthelarge-scalestructureofspiralgalaxies.Thattheory...】1.Theprimarypurposeofthepassageisto(A)describewhatresultswhenasupernovatriggersthecreationofchainsofstar-formingregions(B)proposeamodificationinthemostwidelyacceptedtheoryofspiral-galaxystructure(C)compareandcontrasttherolesofcloudsofgasanddustintwotheoriesofspiral-galaxystructure(D)describeanewtheoryofspiral-galaxystructureandcontrastitwiththemostwidelyacceptedtheory(E)describeanewtheoryofspiral-galaxystructureanddiscussareasonwhyitisinferiortothemostwidelyacceptedtheoryRemember：主题题要去掉细节，抓主干(主题)^^If..andif..If..thedistributionofstarswouldresembletheobserveddistributioninaspiralgalaxy.Thislineofreasoningunderliesanexciting

newtheory

ofspiral-galaxystructure....【densitywave,thehallmarkofthemostwidelyacceptedtheoryofthelarge-scalestructureofspiralgalaxies.Thattheory...】1.Theprimarypurposeofthepassageisto(A)describewhatresultswhenasupernovatriggersthecreationofchainsofstar-formingregions(B)proposeamodificationinthemostwidelyacceptedtheoryofspiral-galaxystructure(C)compareandcontrasttherolesofcloudsofgasanddustintwotheoriesofspiral-galaxystructure(D)describeanewtheoryofspiral-galaxystructureandcontrastitwiththemostwidelyacceptedtheory(E)describeanewtheoryofspiral-galaxystructureanddiscussareasonwhyitisinferiortothemostwidelyacceptedtheoryRemember：主题题要去掉细节，抓主干(主题)^^Ifasupernova(theexplosionofamassivestar)triggeredstarformationfromdensecloudsofgasanddust,andifthemostmassivestartobeformedfromthecloudevolvedintoasupernova

andtriggeredanewroundofstarformation,andsoon,thenachainofstar-formingregionswouldresult.Ifmanysuchchainswerecreatedina

differentiallyrotatinggalaxy,thedistributionofstarswouldresembletheobserveddistributioninaspiralgalaxy.2.Thepassageimpliesthat,accordingtothenewtheoryofspiral-galaxystructure,aspiralgalaxycanbecreatedbysupernovaswhenthesupernovasare[问条件，找哪里？](A)producinganunderlyingdensitywave(B)affectedbyadensitywaveofspiralform(C)distributedinaspiralpattern(D)locatedinthecentralplaneofagalaxy(E)locatedinadifferentiallyrotatinggalaxyPassage2气候学：云层系统时气温的影响Ifasupernova(theexplosionofamassivestar)triggeredstarformationfromdensecloudsofgasanddust,andifthemostmassivestartobeformedfromthecloudevolvedintoasupernova

andtriggeredanewroundofstarformation,andsoon,thenachainofstar-formingregionswouldresult.Ifmanysuchchainswerecreatedina

differentiallyrotatinggalaxy,thedistributionofstarswouldresembletheobserveddistributioninaspiralgalaxy.2.Thepassageimpliesthat,accordingtothenewtheoryofspiral-galaxystructure,aspiralgalaxycanbecreatedbysupernovaswhenthesupernovasare[问条件，找哪里？](A)producinganunderlyingdensitywave(B)affectedbyadensitywaveofspiralform(C)distributedinaspiralpattern(D)locatedinthecentralplaneofagalaxy(E)locatedinadifferentiallyrotatinggalaxy先锁定题目所问，定位--新观点还是旧观点？Ifasupernova(theexplosionofamassivestar)triggeredstarformationfromdensecloudsofgasanddust,andifthemostmassivestartobeformedfromthecloudevolvedintoasupernova

andtriggeredanewroundofstarformation,andsoon,thenachainofstar-formingregionswouldresult.Ifmanysuchchainswerecreatedina

differentiallyrotatinggalaxy,thedistributionofstarswouldresembletheobserveddistributioninaspiralgalaxy.Thislineofreasoningunderliesanexciting

newtheory

ofspiral-galaxystructure.Acomputersimulationbasedon

thistheory

hasreproducedtheappearanceofmanyspiralgalaxieswithoutassuminganunderlying..3.Whichofthefollowing,iftrue,wouldmostdiscreditthenewtheoryasdescribedinthepassage?(A)Theexactmechanismbywhichastaresasupernovaisnotyetcompletelyknownandmayevendifferfordifferentstars.(B)Chainsofstar-formingregionslikethosepostulatedinthenewtheoryhavebeenobservedinthevicinityofdensecloudsofgasanddust.(C)Themostmassivestarsformedfromsupernovaexplosionsareunlikelytoevolveintosupernovas.(D)Computersimulationsofsupernovasprovideapoorpictureofwhatoccursjustbeforeasupernovaexplosion.(E)Adensitywavecannotcompresscloudsofgasanddusttoadensityhighenoughtocreateastar.逻辑题目秒杀口诀：与原文一致，support；相反，wenken/discreditIfasupernova(theexplosionofamassivestar)triggeredstarformationfromdensecloudsofgasanddust,andifthemostmassivestartobeformedfromthecloudevolvedintoasupernova

andtriggeredanewroundofstarformation,andsoon,thenachainofstar-formingregionswouldresult.Ifmanysuchchainswerecreatedina

differentiallyrotatinggalaxy,thedistributionofstarswouldresembletheobserveddistributioninaspiralgalaxy.Thislineofreasoningunderliesanexciting

newtheory

ofspiral-galaxystructure.Acomputersimulationbasedon

thistheory

hasreproducedtheappearanceofmanyspiralgalaxieswithoutassuminganunderlying..3.Whichofthefollowing,iftrue,wouldmostdiscreditthenewtheoryasdescribedinthepassage?(A)Theexactmechanismbywhichastaresasupernovaisnotyetcompletelyknownandmayevendifferfordifferentstars.(B)Chainsofstar-formingregionslikethosepostulatedinthenewtheoryhavebeenobservedinthevicinityofdensecloudsofgasanddust.(C)Themostmassivestarsformedfromsupernovaexplosionsareunlikelytoevolveintosupernovas.(D)Computersimulationsofsupernovasprovideapoorpictureofwhatoccursjustbeforeasupernovaexplosion.(E)Adensitywavecannotcompresscloudsofgasanddusttoadensityhighenoughtocreateastar.逻辑题目秒杀口诀：与原文一致，support；相反，wenken/discreditThislineofreasoningunderliesan

exciting

newtheory

ofspiral-galaxystructure....4.Theauthor’sattitudetowardthenewtheoryofspiral-galaxystructurecanbestbedescribedas(A)euphoric(B)enthusiastic(C)concerned(D)critical(E)disputatious态度题，考前千万要对选项熟悉！！！Passage3历史学：第十四条修正案产生的历史背景及其实施第一段

//TheFourteenthAmendmenttotheUnitedStatesConstitution,ratifiedin1868,prohibitsstategovernmentsfromdenyingcitizensthe“equalprotectionofthelaws.”//

Althoughpreciselywhattheframersoftheamendmentmeantbythisequalprotectionclause

remainsunclear,allinterpretersagreethattheframers’immediateobjectivewastoprovideaconstitutionalwarrantfortheCivilRightsActof1866,whichguaranteedthecitizenshipofallpersonsbornintheUnitedStatesandsubjecttoUnitedStatesjurisdiction.Thisdeclaration,whichwasechoedinthetextoftheFourteenthAmendment,wasdesignedprimarilytocountertheSupremeCourt’sruling

inDredScottv.SandfordthatBlackpeopleintheUnitedStatescouldbedeniedcitizenship.

Theact

wasvetoedbyPresidentAndrewJohnson,whoarguedthattheThirteenthAmendment,whichabolishedslavery,didnotprovideCongresswiththeauthoritytoextendcitizenshipandequalprotectiontothefreedslaves.AlthoughCongresspromptlyoverrodeJohnson’sveto,supportersoftheactsoughttoensureitsconstitutionalfoundationswiththepassageoftheFourteenthAmendment.1Thisdeclaration[Act]..tocounter..DredScottv.Sandford2theCivilRightsActof18663TheFourteenthAmendment

...in18683Theact

wasvetoedbyPresidentAndrewJohnsonPassage3历史学：第十四条修正案产生的历史背景及其实施第二段

ThebroadlanguageoftheamendmentstronglysuggeststhatitsframerswereproposingtowriteintotheConstitutionnotalaundrylistofspecificcivilrightsbutaprincipleofequalcitizenshipthatforbidsorganizedsocietyfromtreatinganyindividualasamemberofaninferiorclass.Yetforthefirsteightdecadesoftheamendment’sexistence,theSupremeCourt’sinterpretationoftheamendmentbetrayedthisidealofequality.IntheCivilRightsCasesof1883,forexample,theCourtinventedthe“stateaction”limitation,whichassertsthat“private”decisionsbyownersofpublicmodationsandothercommercialbusinessestosegregatetheirfacilitiesareinsulatedfromthereachoftheFourteenthAmendment’sguaranteeofequalprotectionunderthelaw.记得，结构最重要！！当看到first第二步马上找second第三段

AftertheSecondWorldWar,

ajudicialclimatemorehospitabletoequalprotectionclaimsculminated

intheSupremeCourt’srulinginBrownv.BoardofEducationthatraciallysegregatedschoolsviolatedtheequalprotectionclauseoftheFourteenthAmendment.TwodoctrinesembracedbytheSupremeCourtduringthisperiod

extendedtheamendment’sreach.First,theCourtrequiredespeciallystrictscrutinyoflegislationthatemployeda“suspectclassification,”

meaningdiscriminationagainstagroupongroundsthatcouldbeconstruedasracial.

ThisdoctrinehasbroadenedtheapplicationoftheFourteenthAmendmenttoother,nonracialforms

ofdiscrimination,forwhilesomejusticeshaverefusedtofindanylegislativeclassificationotherthanracetobeconstitutionallydisfavored,mosthavebeenreceptivetoargumentsthatatleastsomenonracialdiscriminations,sexualdiscriminationinparticular,are“suspect”anddeservethisheightenedscrutinybythecourts.Second,theCourtrelaxedthestateactionlimitationontheFourteenthAmendment,bringingnewformsofprivateconductwithintheamendment’sreach.[biring...表示relaxed...的结果！]第一段

//TheFourteenthAmendment

prohibitsstategovernmentsfromdenyingcitizensthe“equalprotectionofthelaws.”//

Althoughpreciselywhattheframersmeant

remainsunclear,allagreethattheobjectivewastoprovideaconstitutionalwarrantfortheCivilRightsActof1866.Thisdeclaration,wasdesigned

tocountertheSupremeCourt’sruling

Theact

wasvetoedbyPresidentAndrewJohnson,

AlthoughCongresspromptlyoverrodeJohnson’sveto,supportersoftheactsoughttoensureitsconstitutionalfoundationswiththepassageoftheFourteenthAmendment.第二段

ThebroadlanguageoftheamendmentstronglysuggeststhatitsframerswereproposingtowriteintotheConstitutionnotalaundrylistofspecificcivilrightsbut

aprincipleofequalcitizenship

Yet

,theSupremeCourt’sinterpretationoftheamendmentbetrayedthisideal.第三段

AftertheSecondWorldWar,

ajudicialclimatemorehospitabletoequalprotectionclaimsculminatedinSupremeCourt’s.

TwodoctrinesembracedbytheSupremeCourt

extendedtheamendment’sreach.First,theCourtrequiredespeciallystrictscrutinyoflegislationthatemployeda“suspectclassification,”

Second,theCourtrelaxedthestateactionlimitationontheFourteenthAmendment...1.Whichofthefollowingbestdescribesthemainideaofthepassage?(A)Bypresentingalistofspecificrights,framersofthe

FourteenthAmendmentwereattemptingtoprovideaconstitutionalbasisforbroadjudicialprotectionoftheprincipleofequalcitizenship.(B)OnlyaftertheSupremeCourtadoptedthesuspectclassificationapproachtoreviewingpotentiallydiscriminatorylegislationwastheapplicabilityofthe

FourteenthAmendmentextendedtoincludesexualdiscrimination.(C)NotuntilaftertheSecondWorldWardidtheSupremeCourtbegintointerpretthe

FourteenthAmendmentinamannerconsistentwiththeprincipleofequalcitizenship

thatitexpresses.(D)InterpretersoftheFourteenthAmendmenthaveyettoreachconsensuswithregardtowhatitsframersmeantbytheequalprotectionclause.(E)AlthoughthereluctanceofjudgestoextendthereachoftheFourteenthAmendmenttononracialdiscriminationhasbetrayedtheprincipleofequalcitizenship,theSupremeCourt’suseofthestateactionlimitationtoinsulateprivateactivityfromtheamendment’sreachhasbeenmoreharmful.Remember：主题题要去掉细节，抓主干(主题)^^1.Whichofthefollowingbestdescribesthemainideaofthepassage?(A)Bypresentingalistofspecificrights,framersofthe

FourteenthAmendmentwereattemptingtoprovideaconstitutionalbasisforbroadjudicialprotectionoftheprincipleofequalcitizenship.(B)OnlyaftertheSupremeCourtadoptedthesuspectclassificationapproachtoreviewingpotentiallydiscriminatorylegislationwastheapplicabilityofthe

FourteenthAmendmentextendedtoincludesexualdiscrimination.(C)NotuntilaftertheSecondWorldWardidtheSupremeCourtbegintointerpretthe

FourteenthAmendmentinamannerconsistentwiththeprincipleofequalcitizenship

thatitexpresses.(D)InterpretersoftheFourteenthAmendmenthaveyettoreachconsensuswithregardtowhatitsframersmeantbytheequalprotectionclause.(E)AlthoughthereluctanceofjudgestoextendthereachoftheFourteenthAmendmenttononracialdiscriminationhasbetrayedtheprincipleofequalcitizenship,theSupremeCourt’suseofthestateactionlimitationtoinsulateprivateactivityfromtheamendment’sreachhasbeenmoreharmful.Remember：主题题要去掉细节，抓主干(主题)^^thatforbidsorganizedsocietyfromtreatinganyindividualasamemberofaninferiorclass.Yetforthefirsteightdecadesoftheamendment’sexistence,theSupremeCourt’sinterpretationoftheamendmentbetrayedthisidealofequality.IntheCivilRightsCasesof1883,forexample,theCourtinventedthe“stateaction”limitation,whichassertsthat“private”decisionsbyownersofpublicmodationsandothercommercialbusinessestosegregatetheirfacilitiesareinsulatedfromthereachoftheFourteenthAmendment’sguaranteeofequalprotectionunderthelaw.2.Thepassagesuggeststhattheprincipaleffectofthestateactionlimitationwasto(A)allowsomediscriminatorypracticestocontinueunimpededbytheFourteenthAmendment(B)influencetheSupremeCourt’srulinginBrownv,BoardofEducation(C)provideexpandedguidelinesdescribingprohibitedactions(D)prohibitstatesfromenactinglawsthatviolatedtheintentoftheCivilRightsActof1866(E)shifttostategovernmentstheresponsibilityforenforcementoflawsprohibitingdiscriminatorypractices细节题在于快速定位！！后同义改写thatforbidsorganizedsocietyfromtreatinganyindividualasamemberofaninferiorclass.Yetforthefirsteightdecadesoftheamendment’sexistence,theSupremeCourt’sinterpretationoftheamendmentbetrayedthisidealofequality.IntheCivilRightsCasesof1883,forexample,theCourtinventedthe“stateaction”limitation,whichassertsthat“private”decisionsbyownersofpublicmodationsandothercommercialbusinessestosegregatetheirfacilitiesareinsulatedfromthereachoftheFourteenthAmendment’sguaranteeofequalprotectionunderthelaw.2.Thepassagesuggeststhattheprincipaleffectofthestateactionlimitationwasto(A)allowsomediscriminatorypracticestocontinueunimpededbytheFourteenthAmendment(B)influencetheSupremeCourt’srulinginBrownv,BoardofEducation(C)provideexpandedguidelinesdescribingprohibitedactions(D)prohibitstatesfromenactinglawsthatviolatedtheintentoftheCivilRightsActof1866(E)shifttostategovernmentstheresponsibilityforenforcementoflawsprohibitingdiscriminatorypractices细节题在于快速定位！！后同义改写==

TheFourteenthAmendment

prohibitsstategovernmentsfromdenyingcitizensthe“equalprotectionofthelaws.”//

Althoughpreciselywhattheframersmeant

remainsunclear,allagreethattheobjectivewastoprovideaconstitutionalwarrantfortheCivilRightsActof1866.Thisdeclaration,wasdesigned

tocountertheSupremeCourt’sruling

Theact

wasvetoedbyPresident