必修② UNIT 6 课下主题训练 人与环境、人与动植物

PAGE第1页共6页必修②UNIT6课下主题训练人与环境、人与动植物Ⅰ.阅读理解A(2021·滨州高三模拟)Herearefourwomenwhomadeittheirlife'smissiontomaketheworldabetterplacethroughenvironmentalactivism.GretaThunberg“Ihavenotaccomplishedanything.”ThisstatementwasmadebyGretaThunberg(17yearsold)anditcouldn'tbefurtherfromthetruth.Herdedicationtoprotectingtheenvironmenforourfuturegenerationsisallaccomplishmentonitsown.Herabilitytoresisttoadultsinpowerisadmirableandcontinuestopushtheimportanceofconservationtothefrontofourminds.PeggyShepardWEACTforEnvironmentalJusticeisanorganizationthat“throughadvocacy，planning，andresearch...mobilizeslow­incomecommunitiestomakeenvironmentalchanges.”Atthehelm(掌权)ofWEACTisPeggyShepard.Hergoalistomakesurethatsustainableenvironmentalpracticesareaccessibletoall,regardlessofcircumstance.RachelCarsonAmericanmarinebiologist,writer,scientist,andecologist，RachelCarson(1907—1964)，waswayaheadofhertime.Shewroteaboutconservationinthelate1930sandfocusedonhermissionofprotectingouroceans.Julia“Butterfly”HillInthelate90s，Julia“Butterfly”Hillspent738dayslivinginanancientredwood，calledLuna.ThisactbroughtawarenesstotheimmensehumanthreatstoRedwoodtrees.Juliacontinuestoadvocatefortheenvironment.“Bystandingtogetherinunity，solidarityandlove,wewillhealthewoundsintheearthandineachother.Wecanmakeapositivedifferencethroughouractions.”语篇解读：本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了四位女性将通过环保行动让世界变得更美好作为她们的人生使命。1．WhatdoweknowaboutGretaThunberg?A．Shehasnotaccomplishedanything.B．Sheseldomtellsthetruth.C．Shefacespowerfulpeoplebravelytoprotectenvironment.D．Sheshowsgreatrespectandadmirationtopeopleinpower.解析：选C细节理解题。根据GretaThunberg介绍中的最后一句可知，在面对强权人物时，她勇敢保护环境的行为令人钦佩。故选C项。2．WhydidPeggyShepardsetuptheorganizationWEACT?A．Tohelppoorpeopletoleadabetterlife.B．Toappealtolow­incomegrouptoprotectourenvironment.C．Tomakepeopleawareoftheenvironmentalstatus.D．Tocontrolthechangesofenvironment.解析：选B推理判断题。根据PeggyShepard介绍中的第一句可知，这个组织是为了让低收入者参与到保护环境的行动中来。故选B项。3．Whopreferredtakingon­the­spotactionstoprotectenvironment?A．GretaThunberg. B．PeggyShepard.C．RachelCarson. D．Julia“Butterfly”Hill.解析：选D细节理解题。根据Julia“Butterfly”Hill介绍中的第一句可知，Julia“Butterfly”Hill以自己在一颗古老红杉树上居住了738天的行为来告诉人们要保护环境。故选D项。B(2021·重庆高三模拟)EarthDaywasfoundedin1970asadayofeducationaboutenvironmentalissues,andEarthDay2020occursonWednesday,April22—theholiday's50thanniversary.Theholidayisnowaglobalcelebrationthat'ssometimesextendedintoEarthWeek,afullsevendaysofeventsfocusedongreenliving.Bytheearly1960s,Americanswerebecomingawareoftheeffectsofpollutionontheenvironment.RachaelCarson's1962bestsellerSilentSpringpointedoutthedangerouseffectsofpesticides(杀虫剂)ontheAmericancountryside.Laterinthedecade,a1969fireonCleveland'sCuyahogaElectedtotheUSSenatein1962,Senator(参议员)GaylordNelsonwasdeterminedtoconvincethefederalgovernmentthattheplanetwasatrisk.Inthefallof1969,Nelson,consideredoneoftheleadersofthemodernenvironmentalmovement,announcedtheEarthDayconceptataconferenceinSeattleandinvitedtheentirenationtogetinvolved.Helaterrecalled:“Theresponsewaselectric.Telegrams,lettersandtelephoneinquiriespouredinfromallacrossthecountry.TheAmericanpeoplefinallyhadanopportunitytoexpresstheirconcernaboutwhatwashappeningtotheland,rivers,lakesandair.”ThefirstEarthDaywaseffectiveatraisingawarenessaboutenvironmentalissuesandchangingpublicattitudes.AccordingtotheEnvironmentalProtectionAgency(EPA),“Publicopinionspolls(投票)indicatethatinMay1971,25percentoftheUSpublicdeclaredprotectingtheenvironmenttobeanimportantgoal,a2,500percentincreaseover1969.”EarthDaykickedoffthe“environmentaldecadewithabang，”asSenatorNelsonlaterputit.Duringthe1970s,anumberofimportantenvironmentallawswerepassed,amongthemtheCleanAirAct,theWaterQualityImprovementActandtheEndangeredSpeciesAct,etc.AnotherkeydevelopmentwastheestablishmentoftheEPAinDecember1970,whichwastaskedwithprotectinghumanhealthandsafeguardingthenaturalenvironment—air,waterandland.语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍地球日的起源及发起初期的历史。4．WhatdowelearnaboutthecircumstancesinAmericabeforeEarthDaywasfounded?A．TheoveruseofpesticideshadlittleimpactontheAmericancountryside.B．ThefireonCuyahogaC．Thegovernmenthighlyvaluedprotectingthenaturalresourcesonthisplanet.D．OnlyafewAmericanswerefamiliarwithenvironmentalissuesandpracticed­recycling.解析：选B细节理解题。根据第二段第三句可知CuyahogaRiver大火是化学废物处理不当造成的。故选B。5．Whatcanbeinferredfromthethirdparagraph?A．Nelsonconvincedthefederalgovernmentthattheplanetwasatrisk.B．Nelsonorganizedthemodernenvironmentalmovementallbyhimself.C．TheEarthDaysuccessfullyarousedthepublic'sinterestinenvironmentalissues.D．Theelectricpowersupplyhadbeencutoffduetonumeroustelephoneinquiriespouredin.解析：选C推理判断题。根据第三段最后两句可知地球日成功地唤起了公众对环境问题的关注。故选C。6．WhywastheEPAsetup?A．Tocollectpublicopinions.B．Tokickofftheenvironmentaldecade.C．Tochangepublicattitudes.D．Toprotecthumanbeingsandnature.解析：选D细节理解题。根据最后一段最后一句可知，环保署的任务是保护人类健康和保护空气、水和土地等自然环境。故选D。7．Whatdoyouthinktheauthorwilltalkaboutlater?A．EarthDaycelebrationshavegrownandspreadaroundtheglobe.B．EPAprotecthumanhealthandournaturalenvironment.C．Theenvironmentallawscomeintoeffect.D．SenatorNelson'sremarkableachievements.解析：选A推理判断题。阅读全文内容可知，前面几段重点介绍了地球日的起源及发起初期的历史，接下来作者应该以此为主线，继续谈论地球日庆祝活动在世界各地不断发展壮大。故选A。Ⅱ.语法填空Environmentmeansallthe__1__(nature)surroundingssuchasland,air,water,plants,andotherthings.Healthyenvironmentnotonlykeepsthenature'sbalancebut__2__(help)ingrowinganddevelopingallthelivingthingsontheearth.Besidesnaturalenvironment,aman­madeenvironmentalsoexists,__3__dealswiththetechnology,transportation,housing,urbanization,etc.However,nowadays,someman­madetechnologicaladvancementsarespoilingtheenvironmentinmanyways,finally__4__(disturb)thebalanceofnature.Wearekeepingourlivesindangeraswellas__5__(exist)oflifeinfutureonthisplanet.Ifwedoanythinginawrongwayoutofthedisciplineofnature，__6__disturbsthewholeenvironment.Duetosomebadandselfishactivitiesofthehumanbeings,ourenvironmentisgetting__7__(affect).Man­madeenvironmentaffectsthenaturalenvironment__8__suchagreatdegreethatweallmustbetogethertosaveit.Thecomponentsofthenaturalenvironmentareusedasaresourcebythehumanbeing__9__(basic)tofulfillsomephysicalneeds.Weshouldnotchallengeournatural__10__(resource)andshouldvaluethemandusethembystayingunderthenaturaldiscipline.Weallmusttakeeffortstoprotectournaturalenvironmenttokeepitsafeasusualforever.语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章讲述了健康的环境可以保持自然的平衡，我们应该遵守自然法则来利用自然，保护环境。1．natural考查形容词。设空处修饰后面的名词surroundings需用形容词形式。故填natural。2．helps考查动词的时态。此处缺少谓语动词，讲的是客观事实，应用一般现在时，主语Healthyenvironment是单数，谓语也用单数，应用helps，本句由notonly...but(also)连接两个谓语动词，keeps和helps是并列谓语。故填helps。3．which考查定语从句。此处是非限制性定语从句，先行词是aman­madeenvironment，指物，关系词在从句中作主语，that不能引导非限制性定语从句，应用关系代词which。故填which。4．disturbing考查非谓语动词。本句已有谓语arespoiling，且无连词，此空用非谓语动词形式，主语someman­madetechnologicaladvancements和动词disturb之间是主谓关系，应用现在分词作状语。故填disturbing。5．existence考查名词。aswellas(也)连接两个一样的语法结构，此处应用名词形式，构成名词短语existenceoflife，和ourlives一样，作动词keep的宾语。故填existence。6．it考查代词。本句意为“如果我们做了任何违背自然规律的错误的事情，它会扰乱整个环境。”此处用代词it指代上文提及的“任何违背自然规律的错事”，it可指代上文已提及的事情。故填it。7．affected考查非谓语动词。本句意为“由于人类的一些恶劣的和自私的行为，我们的环境正在受到影响。”getdone意为“(主语)被……”，应用过去分词表示被动。故填affected。8．to考查介词。固定搭配toadegree，意为“在某种程度上”，应用介词to。故填to。9．basically考查副词。设空处修饰动词fulfill，应用副词形式。故填basically。10．resources考查名词复数。本句意为“我们不应该挑战我们的自然资源，通过遵守自然法则，应该珍惜和利用它们。”此处指自然资源，固定搭配naturalresources，应用名词复数。故填resources。Ⅲ.应用文写作每年6月是世界环保月，请你代表校学生会，以“从我做起，爱护环境”为主题，向全校同学写一封倡议书。内容包括：1.提出倡议的宗旨；2.倡议的具体内容。注意：1.词数80左右；2．可适当增加细节，以使行文连贯；3．开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数。参考词汇：世界环保月WorldEnvironment