选择性必修② UNIT 3 课下主题训练 社会进步与人类文明

PAGE第5页共5页选择性必修②UNIT3课下主题训练社会进步与人类文明Ⅰ.阅读理解A“Clevernessisagiftwhilekindnessisachoice.Giftsareeasy—they'regivenafterall.Choicescanbehard.”—JeffBezos.IgottheideatostartAmazon16yearsago.IcameacrossthefactthattheInternetusagewasgrowingat2,300percentperyear.I'dneverseenorheardofanythingthatgrewthatfast,andtheideaofbuildinganonlinebookstorewithmillionsoftitleswasveryexcitingtome.Ihadjustturned30yearsold,andI'dbeenmarriedforayear.ItoldmywifeMacKenziethatIwantedtoquitmyjobandgotodothiscrazythingthatprobablywouldn'tworksincemoststart­upsdon't,andIwasn'tsurewhattoexpect.MacKenzietoldmeIshouldgoforit.Asayoungboy,I'dbeenagarageinventor.I'dalwayswantedtobeaninventor,andshewantedmetofollowmypassion.IwasworkingatafinancialfirminNewYorkCitywithabunchofverysmartpeople,andIhadabrilliantbossthatIadmiredverymuch.IwenttomybossandtoldhimIwantedtostartacompanysellingbooksontheInternet.HetookmeonalongwalkinCentralPark,listenedcarefullytome,andfinallysaid.“Thatsoundslikeareallygoodidea,butitwouldbeanevenbetterideaforsomeonewhodidn'talreadyhaveagoodjob.”Thatlogicmadesomesensetome,andheconvincedmetothinkaboutitfor48hoursbeforemakingafinaldecision.Seeninthatlight,itreallywasadifficultchoice,buteventually,IdecidedIhadtogiveitashot.Ididn'tthinkI'dregrettryingandfailing.And_I_suspected_I_would_always_be_haunted_by_a_decision_not_totryatall.Aftermuchconsideration,Itookthelesssafepathtofollowmypassion,andI'mproudofthatchoice.Forallofus,intheend,weareourchoices.语篇解读：本文是一篇记叙文。文章介绍了作者开设网上书城亚马逊的心路历程，有了妻子的支持和老板诚恳的建议，作者还是坚定地做出了选择并最终取得成功。1．Whatinspiredtheauthorwiththeideaofbuildinganonlinebookstore?A．Hisdreamofbeinganinventor.B．Millionsofexcitingtitles.C．Thesupportofhiswife.D．ThegreatlyincreasingusageoftheInternet.解析：选D细节理解题。根据第二段第二、三句可知互联网的增长速度非常快，作者从来没有见过增长如此迅速的事物，因此想要在网上开书店的想法非常吸引作者，由此判断出互联网使用量的飞速发展让作者有了开网上书店的想法。故选D。2．Whichofthefollowingisclosestinmeaningtotheunderlinedsentence?A．Hewouldbealwaysfeelingunsafeifhedidn'ttry.B．Hewouldbeveryexcitedifhetrieditout.C．Theideaofnottryingwouldkeepcomingtohismindanddisturbhim.D．Thedecisionnottobuildtheonlinebookstorewouldterrifyhim.解析：选C句意理解题。根据第三段划线前的句子可知经过艰难的考虑之后，作者最终还是决定要尝试一下，而且他也不会后悔尝试或失败，由此判断如果作者不尝试的话，尝试的想法会一直浮现在他的脑海里，并困扰着他。故选C。3．Whatcanweknowfromthetext?A．Theauthorappreciatedhisboss'sencouragement.B．Theauthormightnotregretifhefailedtheidea.C．Theauthormightgobacktohisbossifhefailed.D．Theauthorwantedsomeoneelsetotrytheidea.解析：选B细节理解题。根据第三段倒数第二句可知作者认为自己不会后悔尝试或失败，故选B。4．Whichofthefollowingwouldbethebesttitleforthetext?A．WeAreWhatWeChooseB．TheStartingofAmazonC．ClevernessandKindnessD．FollowingMyPassion解析：选A标题归纳题。第一段引用了JeffBezos的话，起到总起全文的作用；第二、三段提到了作者开设网上书城前的心路历程；最后一段提到作者选择跟随自己的热情，同时很骄傲自己所作的选择，并对文章主题进行了升华——选择塑造人生。故选A。BTiredofstandinginline？Waitabitlonger,andyoumayneverhavetoagain.EveryonefromAmazontoSiliconValleystart­upsistryingtoeliminatelinesinretail(零售)stores.Amazonhasopened24ofitsAmazonGostores,whichusecamerasandartificialintelligencetoseewhatyou'vetakenoffshelvesandchargeyouasyouwalkout.Somestart­upsarecloselycopyingAmazon'sapproachtousingAI­poweredcamerasfixedinceilings.Butothersaretryinganentirelydifferentwaytoskipthecheckout:smartshoppingcarts.Thesecompanieshaveaddedcamerasandsensors(传感器)tothecarts,andareusingAItotellwhatyou'veplacedinthem.Abuilt­inscaleweighsitems,incaseyouhavetopaybythepoundforanitem.Customerspaybyusingacreditcard,orthroughanonlinepaymentsystem.Whencustomersexitthestore,agreenlightontheshoppingcartindicatesthattheirordersarecomplete,andthey'recharged.Thestart­upsbehindthesmartshoppingcarts,includingCaperandVeeve,sayit'smucheasiertoaddtechnologytotheshoppingcartthantoanentirestore.AmazonGostoresrelyonhundredsofcamerasintheceiling.Theshelvesalsoincludesensorstotellwhenanitemisremoved.AhmedBeshry,co­founderofCaper,believesthetechnologytorunAmazonGoistooexpensivetouseinalargegrocerystore.NeitherCapernorVeevehassaidhowmuchtheirsmartshoppingcartswillcost,makingitdifficulttocomparethedifferentformats.ShariqSiddiqui,CEOofVeeve,saidhe'sfindingincreasedinterestfromretailersgivenAmazon'ssteadyexpansionofAmazonGosincethefirstAmazonGostoreopenedinSeattlein2018.“We'realwayshappywhenAmazonisdoingsomething，”Siddiquisaid.“Theyforceretailerstogetoutoftheiroldschoolthinking.”Eachtimeabusinessusesartificialintelligenceandcameras,itraisesquestionsaboutcustomerprivacyandtheimpactonjobs.Beshrynotesthatthecamerasinhissmartshoppingcartpointdownintothecart,soonlycustomers'handsandpartoftheirarmswillbecaptured(拍摄)bycameras.语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了一款能够获取顾客购买的物品的信息，进而可以便利地完成结算的智能购物车的相关情况。5．Whichofthefollowingbestexplains“eliminate”underlinedinParagraph1?A．Cross. B．Remove.C．Extend. D．Break.解析：选B词义猜测题。根据第一段前两句以及第二段AmazonGo的例子可以推测出，购物时人们对排队付款感到厌烦，因此从亚马逊公司到硅谷的新兴公司，都试图在零售商店里面将排队付款的情况消除。由此可知，画线词的含义与“remove”相近，故选B。6．Whatdoweknowaboutthesmartshoppingcarts?A．Theyarelinkedtothecamerasfixedintheceilings.B．Theycantellcustomerswheretofindwhattheywant.C．Theyflashthegreenlightwhentheorderiscancelled.D．Theyareabletorecognizepurchasesplacedinthem.解析：选D细节理解题。根据第二段第四句可知，这些公司在购物车上增加了摄像机和传感器，并使用人工智能来确切地判断出你往购物车里放的东西。由此可知，智能购物车能够辨别出放在其中的商品，故选D。7．WhatdoesBeshrythinkofthetechnologyappliedinAmazonGostores?A．Itisfarmoreexpensivethantheirsmartshoppingcarts.B．Itmayincreasethecostofrunningalargegrocerystoregreatly.C．Ithasattractedmanymoreretailersthanbefore.D．Itislikelytohelpretailerstothinkdifferently.解析：选B细节理解题。根据第三段第四句可知，Beshry认为，运行AmazonGo的技术成本太高，无法在大型食品杂货店使用。故选B。8．Whatisthebesttitleforthetext?A．TheNewTechnologyPromotesRetailSalesB．AI­poweredCamerasAreUsedinRetailStoresC．SmartShoppingCartsWillLetYouSkiptheLineD．ArtificialIntelligenceAffectstheFutureJobMarket解析：选C标题归纳题。本文主要介绍了一款能够获取顾客购买的物品的信息，进而可以便利地完成结算的智能购物车；它能让顾客免去排队付款这一令人厌烦的过程。故选C。Ⅱ.语法填空Chineseoracleboneinscriptions(甲骨文)arenowbeingwidelyusedasemojisbyyoungWeChatusers,thankstoapersonwhomadethem__1__(close)topeople'slifethanbefore.“Theancientcharactersarenotas__2__(distance)astheyaresupposedtobe，”saidthe__3__(create)ChenNan.“Infact,theycould__4__(total)serveourneedsforonlineexpression.”The46­year­oldprofessoroffineartatTsinghuaUniversityhasbeenworkingtomakeoracleboneinscriptionsintoemojis.Forexample,thecharacterfor“zui”，__5__means“drunk”inEnglish,wascreated__6__(look)likeastumblingfigure.AndhehasalsocombinedtheancientChinesecharacterswithcartoonfigures.Chen__7__(work)ontheroadofinnovation19yearsago.In2016,theancienttypeface__8__(include)intothefontlibraryunderhiseffortstolettheancientwordswalkintopeople'slife.Nowthelibraryhasasmanyas3,500characters,__9__Chen'sresearchontheprojectstillcontinues,asheplanstoextendthelibraryto7,000characters.In__10__future,hewillapplytheancientcharacterstoeducationanddevelopmentofgamesandapps.语篇解读：本文讲述了有着悠久历史的甲骨文作为表情包正在被年轻的微信用户们广泛使用。1．closer考查形容词的比较级。根据空后的“thanbefore”可知，空处应用形容词的比较级，故填closer。2．distant考查形容词。根据语境可知，甲骨文并不像被认为的那样遥远。该空应填形容词形式，故填distant。3．creator考查名词。这里指产品的创作者，故用名词creator。4．totally考查副词。设空处修饰动词serve应用副词形式。5．which考查定语从句。空处引导非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词“thecharacterfor‘zui’”，故用which引导该定语从句。6．tolook考查非谓语动词。根据语境并分析句子结构可知，空处应用不定式作目的状语。故填tolook。7．worked考查动词的时态。根据时间状语19yearsago可知，此处应用一般过去时，故填worked。8．wasincluded考查动词的时态和语态。根据时间状语In2016可知空处应用一般过去时；再根据theancienttypeface与include之间是被动关系，应用被动语态，故填wasincluded。9．but/yet考查连词。根据语境可知，空处前后内容之间为转折关系，故填but/yet。10．the考查冠词。inthefuture意为“在将来”，为固定短语，故填定冠词the。Ⅲ.应用文写作假定你是李华。你校近期将举行“小视频大赛(VideoContest)”。请你写一封信给在英国的朋友Jim，邀请他参加，并告知相关信息，内容包括：1．作品反映校园生活、家庭生活和家乡的变化等；2．视频不