2023年人教版中考英语定语从句语法知识点和练习

定语从句一、定语从句的概念Ihaveabeautifulsister.Ihaveasisterwhoisbeautiful.Shelikesfriendlyteachers.Shelikesteacherswhoarefriendly.Passmethepenoverthere. Passmethepenwhichisoverthere.在复合句中，修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫定语从句。被修饰的名词或代词叫先行词，定语从句一般放在先行词的后面。二、定语从句的关系词引导定语从句的关系词有关系代词和关系副词，常见的关系代词包括that，which，who（宾格whom，所有格whose）等，关系副词包括where，when，why等。关系代词和关系副词放在先行词及定语从句之间起连接作用，同时又作定语从句的重要成分。详情见表：关系代词指代在定语从句中的作用that既指人也指物主语、宾语which指物主语、宾语who指人主语whom指人宾语whose既指人也指物定语三、关系代词的用法1.that既可以用于指人，也可以用于指物。在从句中作主语或宾语，作主语时不可省略，作宾语可省略。例如：先行词是人：Heisthemanthatlivesnextdoor.他就是那个住在隔壁的人。(that作主语）Theman(that)wesawjustnowisafamouswriter.我们刚才看到的那个人是一位著名的作家。(that作宾语）先行词是物：Marylikesmusicthatisquietandgentle.玛丽喜欢轻柔的音乐。（that作主语）Thecoat（that）Iputonthedeskisblue.我放在桌子上的那件外套是蓝色的。（that作宾语）2.which用于指物，在句中作主语或宾语，作主语不可省略，作宾语可省略。例如：Thebuildingwhichstandsnearthetrainstationisasupermarket.位于火车站附近的那座大楼是一家超市。（作主语）Thefilm（which）wesawlastnightwaswonderful.我们昨天晚上看的那部电影很好看。（作宾语）3.who，whom用于指人，who用作主语，whom用作宾语。在口语中，有时可用who代替whom，也可省略。例如：ThegirlwhooftenhelpsmewithmyEnglishisfromEngland.经常在英语方面帮助我的那个女孩是英国人。（作主语）Whoistheteacher（whom）LiMingistalkingto？正在与李明谈话的老师是谁？（作宾语）4.whose，先行词既可以是人，也可以是物，whose用作定语。例如：Heisthemanwhosecarwasstolenlastweek.（先行词是人，whose作定语）Theycametothehousewhosewindowshadbeenbroken.（先行词是物，whose作定语）注意：当先行词是物时，which和that可互换，但下列情况只能用that：a.先行词被序数词或形容词最高级所修饰，或本身是序数词、基数词、形容词最高级时，只能用that，而不用which.例如：Hewasthefirstpersonthatpassedtheexam.他是第一个通过考试的人。b.被修饰的先行词为all，any，much，many，everything，anything，none，theone等不定代词时，只能用that，而不用which.例如：Isthereanythingthatyouwanttobuyintheshop？你在商店里有什么东西要买吗？c.先行词被theonly，thevery，thesame，thelast，little，few等词修饰时，只能用that，而不用which.例如：ThisisthesamebikethatIlost.这就是我丢的那辆自行车。d.先行词里同时含有人和物时，只能用that。例如：IcanrememberwellthepersonsandsomepicturesthatIsawintheroom.我能清楚记得我在那个房间所见到的人和一些照片。四、关系副词的用法1.先行词是时间whenwhen指时间，在从句中作时间状语，它的先行词通常有：time,day,morning,night,week,year等。例如：IstillrememberthetimewhenIfirstbecameacollegestudent.DoyouknowthedatewhenLincolnwasborn.IwillneverforgetthedaywhenIfirstmetyou.2.先行词是地点where.where指地点，在从句中作地点状语。它的先行词通常有：place,spot,street,house,room,city,town,country等。例如：Thisisthehotelwheretheyarestaying.IforgetthehousewheretheSmithslived.先行词是原因why.why指原因或理由，它的先行词只有reason。例如：Thatisthereasonwhyheisleavingsosoon.定语从句专项练习一.单项填空1.Whoistheman_______wastalkingtoourEnglishteacher?Oh!It’sMr.Baker,ourmathsteacher.A.he B.that C.whom D.which2.Ihatethepeople________don’thelpotherswhentheyareintrouble.A.who B.which C.they D.where3.Theforeigner________visitedourschoolisfromCanada.A.which B.when C.who D.whom4.GeorgeMallorywasanEnglishschoolteacher_______lovedclimbing.A.who B.whom C.he D.which5.Thisistheplace_____Ihaveevervisited.A.there B.when C.where D.which6.Nobodyknowsthereason______shedidn’tetothemeeting.A.that B.which C.why D.when7.Themoonisaworld______thereisnolife.A.that B.which C.where D.why8.Hehasforgottentheday_______hearrived.A.when B.where C.that D.which9.Hestillremembersthedays______hespentwithyourfamily.A.when B.where C.that D.onwhich10.Mr.White,______carhadbeenstolen,cametothepoliceman.A.who B.that C.whose D.which11.Hegottothevillage_______hisfamilyoncelivedbeforeliberation.A.that B.which C.when D.where12.Thisisthehouse_______Iwanttobuy.A.inwhich B.that C.whose D.where13.Thisisthehouse_______ourbelovedPremierZhouoncelivedandworked.A.which B.that C.when D.where14.Hedidn’ttellmetheplace_______hewasborn.A.that B.which C.when D.where15.Helivedinasmallvillage,______wasalongwayfromtherailwaystation.16. Isthereanyonehere

nameisBetty? Sorry,Idon'tknow. A.who B.which C.whom D.whose17. Oneofthemostdeliciousdrinks

Ilikeisorangejuice. A.which B.that C.whose D.whom18. Thisisthedictionary

Mumgavemeformybirthday. A.which B.what C.whose D.whom19. Tony,tellmetheresultofthediscussion

youhadwithyourdadyesterday. A.what B.which C.when D.who20.OneofthemostinterestingplacesinYangzhou

areoftenvisitedbyforeignersistheWestSlenderLake. A.what B.who C.that D./21. Thestory

Ireadinthenewspaperwasaboutamonproblemamongteenagers. A.whose B.who C.that D.where22.Don'tthrowawaypensanderasers

youhaven'tusedup. A.where B.which C.who D.what23.I'llneverforgetthelesson

lastyear. A.thatIlearnB.thatIlearnedC.whatIlearnD.whatIlearned24.Ican'tfindthebook

mymotherboughtme. A.who B.when C.which D.what25. I'vefoundsomepicturesofthemostinterestingplaces

youcanvisitduringthewinterholidays. A.where B.which C.what D.that26. LiMeiisthestudent

handwritingisthebestinourclass. A.whose B.whom C.who D.that27. Doyouknowthegirl

yoursisteroftenlooksafter? Sorry,Idon'tknowher. A.whose B.what C.which D.whom28. Istillrememberthetime

wespenttogetheratXisaiMountainlastyear. A.when B.what C.who D.which29. Thefirstthing

mybrotherisgoingtodothisafternoonistowritealetter. A.which B.that C.why D.who30. Doyoustillrememberthemovie

wesawlastweekend? A.who B.what C.that D.whom二、选词填空(单句选词填空)1.Theboy(which/who)washereaminuteagoismyyoungerbrother.2.Theboy

(who/whose)iswearingtheblackjacketisveryclever.3.BeijingHotel

(that/where)theforeignvisitorsliveisnearTian'anmenSquare.4.Theoldman(whom/that)teacheschemistryinacollegeisaprofessor.5.I'llneverforgetthedays(when/that)IjoinedtheLeague.6.Thehouse

(that/where)weliveinisverybig.7.Isthistheplace

(what/where)yourfatheroncelived?8.Doyouknowtheperson(whom/who)losthisbike?9.Thisisthehall(which/where)welistenedtothereporttheotherday.10.Thewoman

(what/whom)youweretalkingaboutisherenow.三、翻译(根据中文提示完成句子)1.我喜欢去天气总是很凉爽的地方旅游。（词数不限）Ilovetotraveltotheplace

.2.Ilikeasinger

(自己做曲的).(who)3.他已经参观了他的祖先居住的地方。He'salreadyvisited

hisancestorsli