2023学年完整公开课版情态动词

ModalVerbI情态动词表示说话人的某种感情或语气，对某一动作或状态的某种态度。表示“需要、可以、必须、应当”等。什么是情态动词？(ModalVerbs)Wordslikecan,will,may,must,andafewothersarecalledmodals.Modalverbshelpotherverbsexpressameaningoranidea.Somecommonusesofthemodalsarethese:Ability:1HecanspeakEnglishnow.2Hecouldn’tspeakEnglishayearago.3I’mnotabletocometothegameonFriday.Permission:

Allpassengersmaynowboard.Wecanboardnow.Obligation:

Youmustfastenyourseatbelts.

(strong)Youshouldpayattention.(weak)Yououghttopayattention.Possibility:1Itmayrain.2HowcouldIforgetanimportantthinglikethat?3Hecan’t/couldn’thaveknowntheresult.Meaningssimilartothoseofthemodalscanoftenbeconveyedbyrealverbforms:Hehasto……….=…must…isableto…speakEnglish…=…can…isallowedto……………=…may…issupposedto……………=…should…

情态动词的语法特征1.情态动词

不能单独做谓语，除ought

和have外，后面只能接不带to

的不定式。2.情态动词没有人称，数的变化，但有些情态动词，如can,will也有一般式和过去式的变化。只作情态动词的

can/could,may/might,oughtto,must可情态可实义的

need,dare/dared可情态可助动词的

shall/should,will/would相当于情态动词的

haveto,usedto3.情态动词的“时态”形式并不是时间区别的主要标志，不少情况下，情态动词的现在式形式和过去式形式都可用来表示现在时间、过去时间和将来时间。1)can的主要用法是：

A.

___________：

eg.Thegirlcandanceverywell.B.

_____________：

eg.Canthenewsbetrue?can和could：表示能力表示推测可能性（多用于疑问否定句中）在陈述句中表示客观上的可能性，译为“有时会”Itcanbeverycoldhereinwinter.其他用法：命令，疑惑，惊讶，不相信等。Ifyouwon’tkeepquiet,youcangetout!Youcan’tbeserious!Howcanyoubesorude?C.________________: eg.CanIsithere?表请求或允许2)could的主要用法是：

A.______________________________ ____________________:eg.Weallknewthattheyoungmancouldn’tbeadoctor.Icouldswimattheageoffive.FathersaidIcouldgooutwithmyfriends.could是can的过去式,表示过去的能力,许可和推测What’sfordinner?Icouldeatahorse.Mywifeisinhospital.Ourbabycouldarriveatanytime.B.could可代替can表示请求,语气委婉eg.Couldyoulendmeyourbike?

CouldIuseyourbike?-Yes,youcanC表示现在的可能与能力，可能性要小D表轻微的责备Youcouldbemorecareful.5)

eg.Isawhimjustnowsohecouldn’thavegoneabroad.can’t/couldn’thavedone过否猜mustdo/be现肯猜can'tdo/be现否猜musthavedone过肯猜may和might

：

may常用来表示：

A._________________________

eg.MayIcomein?Yes,please.B.________________________表示请求、允许;比can正式:eg.--IbelievethemanisfromEngland.--ButImaybewrong.Theguest

may

arrivethisafternoon表示猜测答语避免使用may，以免显得太严肃或太不客气

C._____________________eg.May

yousucceed!

May

youhaveagoodjourney!表示祝愿;语气较正式:多在间接引语中表示过去的可能和允许。也可以表示现在的可能性，但是比may表示的可能性更小，且might可以用于虚拟语气，may不可以。might的用法有:

Shesaidthathemighttakeherbike.

她说他可以拿她的自行车去用。Youmightgetsomehelpfromherifshewerehere.must的主要用法：

如：Wemustn’twasteourtime.MayItakethismagazineout?No,youmustn’t.

注意:mustnot:“禁止”。must用于一般疑问句的时候，肯定回答用yes,please或者I’mafraidso,其否定回答用needn’t或者don’thaveto1.______________________eg:Youmustgetupearly.表示强制/义务。4.表示“偏偏,非得”，表达对某事的不满或责备等情绪。WhymustitrainonSunday?3.must表示推测，语气非常肯定，近乎确定的意味，一般用在肯定句。意为“一定是”。如：Itmustbeeleveno’clocknow.

Hemustgocrazy.IfMarydidn’tleavehereuntilfiveo’clock,shecan’tbehomeyet.

shall和should：

1.PerhapsIshallpayavisittoEnglandthiswinter.可能今年冬天我会去英国观光。

（构成一般将来时,助动词）shall用于构成将来时是助动词。Shallwegobytrain,Mom?妈妈，我们乘火车去好吗？Shallhecomein?要他进来吗？2.用于征求意见,是情态动词,一般用于第一人称和第三人称Don’tworry,youshallgetthebook.Nothingshallstopus.Youshallgetwhatyoudeserve.Heshallbepunishedifhebreakstherule.Nooneshallsmokehere.

3.用于表允诺，决心，警告，命令,或颁布法令规定等。用于二三人称。4.eg:Youshouldkeepyourpromise.*表示“按理说”。It’s8o’clocknow,heshouldbehereatanymoment.*表埋怨，用于“Shouldn’t…?”Shouldn’tyoubedoingyourhomeworknow?*表惊讶，“居然，竟然”

ItisverystrangethatIshouldmeetanoldclassmateofminehere.should表示义务/建议/劝告，意为“应该”。will和would：1.Iwilltellyousomethingimportant.我将要告诉你一些重要的事WillyoutellherthatI'mhere?

请您告诉她说我在这儿，好吗?

Itoldhimnottodoit,buthewould.

（助动词）

（情态动词）will是助动词或是情态动词用于构成将来时是助动词。用于表“意志/决心/请求”是情态动词。would亦同理，只是表过去。2._________________________Wouldyouhelpus,please?请您帮助我们，好吗？I’dgotherewithyou.我要和你一块到那儿去。

Teacherwouldn’tallowit.老师不会允许这件事。（表请求）would比will客气委婉。（表意愿）（表许可）表委婉不是表过去3.________________________________She’lllistentomusicforhours.Hewouldspendhoursonthetelephone.Oilandwaterwillnotmix.表示习惯性动作或必然趋势，“总是，习惯于”辨析wouldusedtowould表过去反复发生的动作或某种倾向“总是,总要”usedto表过去常常（现在已没有这种习惯）“过去常常”usedto可于状态动词连用would不可以eg.Heusedtobeaquietboy.(

)Hewouldbeaquietboy.(

)

√×不能和将来时间连用____Igoouttoplay,mum?No,you___.Youshoulddoyourhomeworkfirst.A.Might;wouldn’tB.May;hadbetternotC.Must;mustn’tD.Need;mustn’tExercise

2.WhereisEmma?Ican’tsayforsurewheresheis,butshe___beoutshopping.A.canB.shouldC.mustD.may3.Theroomisinaterriblemess;it____cleaned.A.can’thavebeenB.couldn’tbeC.mayhavebeenD.wouldbe4.There____beanydifficultyaboutpassingtheroadtestsinceyouhavepractisedalotinthedrivingschool.A.mustn’tB.shan’tC.shouldn’tD.needn’t1Childrenunder12yearsofageinthatcountry____beunderadultsupervisionwheninapubliclibrary.

(2007上海）

A.mustB.mayC.canD.need直击高考2—What’sthename？

—Khulaifi._____Ispellthatforyou？（2008北京）

A.MightB.WouldC.CanD.Shall3

Someaspectsofapilot’sjob_____beboring,andpilotsoften_____workatinconvenienthours.（2006湖南）

A.can；havetoB.may；canC.haveto;mayD.oughtto;must4Theweatherturnedouttobefineyesterday.I_____thetroubletocarrymyumbrellawithme.(2006江西）

AshouldhavetakenBcouldhavetakenCneedn’thavetakenDmustn’thavetaken5—How’syourtouraroundtheNorthLake?Isitbeautiful?—It________be,butitisnowheavilypolluted.（2007全国I）

A.willB.wouldC.shouldD.must6

Itoldyourfriendhowtogettothehotel,butperhapsI

havedrivenherthere.（2009陕西）

A.could B.must C.night D.should根据汉语完成句子。A:____________________(我可以跟朋友去)totheharvestfestival?B:Yes,youmay.A:IfIwanttobeadoctor,___________________(我应该学理科吗)?B:Ithinkso.MayIgowithfriendsshouldIstudyscience3.Idon'tknowwheresheis,she________________(可能在武汉).4.Atthismoment,ourteacher_______________(想必在批改)ourexampapers.5.Theroadiswet.It________________(肯定下雨了)lastnight.6.Yourmother____________________________(一定一直在找你).maymustbemarkingmusthaverainedmusthavebeenlookingbeinWuhanforyou7.Philip______________________________________________________(可能在车祸中受了重伤).8.Lindahasgonetowork,butherbicycleisstillhere.She____________________(可能上班)bybus.9.Mike_______________(一定还没有找回)hiscar,forhecametoworkbybusthismorning.may(might)havebeenhurtmay(might)havegonecan’thavefoundseriouslyinthecaraccidentDiscoveringusefulstructures1.Mostancientfestivalswouldcelebratetheendofcoldweather….2.Sometimescelebrationswouldbeheldafterhuntershadcaughtanimals3.Atthattimepeoplewould

starveiffoodwasdifficulttofind….4.…ortosatisfytheancestors,whomightreturneithertohelportodoharm.5.FortheJapanesefestivalObon,peopleshouldgotocleangraves….Answerkeyforexercise1onpage5

6.Itisnowachildren’sfestival,whentheycandressupandgo….7.…thechildrenmightplayatrickonthem.8.Festivalscanalsobeheldtohonourfamouspeople9.HarvestandThanksgivingfestivalscanbeveryhappyevents.10.InEuropeancountries,peoplewillusuallydecoratechurchesandtownhalls11.Somepeoplemightwinawardsfortheirfarmproduce….12.AttheSpringFestivalinchina,people…maygivechildrenluckymoneyinredpaper13.Thesecarnivalsmightincludeparades,dancinginthestreets….14.Thecountry…looksasthoughitmightbecoveredwithpinksnow.

1.ability,ability,permission,possibility,request

2.permissionorrequest,possibility3.promiseorprediction,pasthabit,request4.promise,adviceprediction5.adviceornecessity,guessing,guessingAnswerkeyforexercise2onpage5Sa