【高一 拓展阅读-生命科学】Nails play important roles

NailsplayimportantrolesYouhavenailsonyourfingers.Youalsohavenailsonyourtoes.stillyouprobablydon'tthinkaboutthemveryoften.Evenifyourfingernailsandtoenailsdon'tcrossyourmindverymuch,theyplayalotofimportantroles.Forexample,ifyouhaveanitch（痒）,whatdoyouusetoscratchit?Ifyouneedtopickatinypieceoflint（绒毛）offyourshirt,whatdoyouusetograbit?Yourfingernails！Yourfingernailsaren'tjustusefulforpickinguppiecesoflintorscratchingitchesTheyexisttohelpprotectyourfingersandtoes.Lookingatyournailscantelladoctoralotaboutyourbody.Forexample,theycanshowwhetheryourbloodisflowingproperlyorwhetheryou'regettingtherightamountofvitaminsandnutrients.Yourfingernailsandtoenailsaremadefromsomethingcalledkeratin（角蛋白）.Ifthatwordsoundsfamiliar,it'sbecausekeratinisalsousedtocreatethehairandskinonyourbody.Justlikeyourhairgrowsfromtheroot,yournailsstartgrowingfromthenailroot.Itishiddenundertheu-shapedcuticle.Thisistheplacewhereyournailmeetsyourskin.Theproteinfromthekeratinhelpsyournewnailcellstohardenastheypushoutoftherootandontotheskin.Whileyourfingernailsandtoenailsareconstantlygrowing,theyaredoingitslowly.Atypicalfingernailgrowsabout1/10ofanincheachmonth.Yourtoenailsgrowevenslower.That’swhyyoudon'thavetotrimyournailsallthatoften.Youdo，however，needtotrimyournailsregularly.Bytrimmingyournails，youhelpkeepthemhealthy.Youalsokeepthemfrombreaking.It'simportanttotrimyournailsandkeepthemhealthytopreventproblems.Someproblemsthatyoumayexperienceincludeingrown（向内生长的）nails，hangnails（倒刺），andnaildeformities.Ifyoubiteyournailsalot，youcancausenaildeformitiesandputyourselfatriskforgettinganinfection.Ifyoudropsomethingonyournailorhityournailwithahammer，youcangetabruiseunderneathyournailorevencauseyournailtofalloff.Takecareofyournails.Becarefulnottodamagethem.Makesuretheycankeepplayingtheirimportantrolesforyourbody.ReadingComprehensionChoosethecorrectanswerforeachquestion.1.Whatisthepurposeofthesecondparagraph?A.Toshowhowlittlepeoplethinkabouttheirfingernailsandtoenails.B.Todemonstratetheimportanceoffingernailsandtoenails.C.Todescribewhatfingernailsandtoenailslooklike.D.Toexplainhowfingernailsandtoenailsgrow.2.Whichparagraphbestexplainswhyyoushouldtakecareofyournails?A.Paragraph3.B.Paragraph4.CParagraph5.D.Paragraph6.3.WhichofthefollowinginformationisNOTmentionedinthisarticle?A.Ifyoubiteyournailsalot,youcancausenaildeformities.B.Bytrimmingyournails,youhelpkeepthemhealthy.C.Yournailscantelladoctoralotaboutyourbody.D.Youhavetotrimyournailsonceaweek4.WhichofthefollowingisNOTmadeofkeratin?A.Teeth.B.Skin.C.Fingernails.D.Hair.5.Howlongdoesittakeforatypicalfingernailtogrowaninch?A.Aboutfivemonths.B.Abouteightmonths.C.Abouttenmonths.D.Abouttwelvemonths.Vocabulary基础词nailn.指甲；趾甲；钉子fingern.手指英oneofthefourlongthinpartsthatstickoutfromthehand（orfive，ifthethumbisincludedfingernailn.手指甲记组合词：finger指头）+nail指甲）→手指甲tinyadj.极小的，微小的；微量的英verysmallinsizeoramount搭atinyvillage一个小村庄grabvt.（随便或匆匆地）拿，取；抓住（机会）；吸引（注意）英totakeorholdsb/sthwithyourhandsuddenlyorroughly记联想记忆：螃蟹（crab）用钳子抓（grab）人properlyadv.适当地；恰当地英inawaythatiscorrectand/orappropriate记来自proper（adj.适当的）regularlyadv.有规律地；经常地英atregularintervalsortimesexperiencev.经历；体验n.经验；经历记词根记忆：ex（出）+per（尝试）+ence→尝试的感受→经历例Theyarewillingtoexperiencedifferentcultures.他们愿意体验不同的文化。bitev.[bit-bitten]叮；咬；咬伤英touseyourteethtocutintoorthroughsthriskvt.冒…的危险n.危险（性），风险；可能带来伤害/危险的事物/人hammern.锤子；音槌v.敲打；锤击damagen./vt.损坏；损害；伤害记词根记忆：dam（a）征服）+age（表行为的结果）→征服就意味着对另一方的毁坏→损害搭causedamageto..对…造成损害/伤害Vocabulary进阶词scratchn.划伤；划痕v.挠，搔；划破；抓伤搭scratchatsth搔/挠某处fromscratch从头做起，从零开始uptoscratch达到应有的水平vitaminn.维生素记发音记忆：音似“维他命”→维生素nutrientn.养分；滋养物，营养物adj.滋养的，有营养的英asubstancethatisneededtokeepalivingthingaliveandtohelpittogrow记词根记忆：nutri（营养）+ent（物质）滋养物，营养物搭mineralnutrient矿质营养micronutrient微量营养物cuticlen.（指甲根部的）护膜，角质层英anareaofhardskinatthebaseofthenailsonthefingersandtoesproteinn.蛋白质搭proteindeficiency蛋白质缺乏trimvt./n.修剪；修整adj.苗条的，修长的；整齐的，整洁的英tomakesthneater，smaller，better，etcbycuttingpartsfromit记联想记忆：tri（看作try，试）+m（end）修理）→试着去修理→修剪搭trimsthoff/away把某物除掉trimoff修剪trimwith用…装饰preventv.阻止；阻碍；阻挠记词根记忆：pre（预先）+vent（来到）预先来到→阻止别人→阻止搭preventdesertification阻止沙漠化preventsbfromdoingsth阻止某人做某事deformityn.畸形英aconditioninwhichapartofthebodyisnotthenormalshapebecauseofinjury，illness