机械专业英语课件

Terminology2023/9/161《机械工程专业英语教程》NutA

small

block

of

metal

with

a

central,

threaded

holethat

is

designed

to

fit

around

and

secure

a

bolt

orscrew.螺母，螺帽：中部有带螺纹的孔,用于与螺栓或螺钉相配合并将其紧固的小金属块。《机械工程专业英语教程》2023/9/16RivetA

rivet

is

a

metal

pin

with

a

head

used

to

fasten

two

ormore

materials

together.铆钉：铆钉是一头有帽的金属钉，用来将两种或多种材料紧固在一起。2SpringAn

elastic

device,

that

regains

its

original

shapeafter

being

compressed

or

extended弹簧:一种弹性装置在被压缩和拉伸后仍能恢复原来的形状。2023/9/16《机械工程专业英语教程》3《机械工程专业英语教程》2023/11/19fastener:

紧固件，连接件modular:模数的，制成标准件的，预制的，组件的subassembly:组件，部件，局部装配，组件装配4《机械工程专业英语教程》2023/11/19cotter:栓，开口销，楔；用销子固定Cotter

pin:扁销，开口销bumper:保险杠，缓冲器，阻尼器，减震器5《机械工程专业英语教程》2023/11/19silicon:硅brass:黄铜

bronze

青铜

beryllium:铍6《机械工程专业英语教程》2023/11/19helical:螺线，螺旋线，螺纹temper:回火corrosion:腐蚀，侵蚀，锈蚀7Lesson

7Fasteners

and

Springs紧固件和弹簧Fasteners

aredevices

which

permitoneparttobejointedto

a

second

part

and，

hence

，

they

are

involved

in

almostall

designs．The

acceptability（满意程度）of

any

productdepends

not

only

on

the

selected

components，but

also

onthe

means

by

which

they

are

fastened

together

．

Theprincipal

purposes

of

fasteners

are

to

provide

the

followingdesign

features：Lesson

7Fasteners

and

Springs紧固件和弹簧（l）Disassembly（拆卸）

for

inspection

and

repair；（

2

）

Modular design

（模块化设计）

where

a

producconsists

of

a

number

of

subassemblies

（组件）．Modulardesign

aids

manufacturing

as

well

as

transportation．Lesson

7Fasteners

and

Springs紧固件和弹簧There

are

three

main

classifications

of

fasteners，whichare

described

as

follows：l．Removable(可拆式)．This

type

permits

the

parts

to

be

readily

disconnectedwithout

damaging

the

fastener.

An

example

is

the

ordinarynut-and-bolt

fastener.Lesson

7Fasteners

and

Springs紧固件和弹簧2．Semipermanent半永久式．For

this

type

，the

parts

can

be

disconnected

，but

somdamage

usually

occurs

to

the

fastener．One

such

example

isacotterpin(开口销)．Lesson

7Fasteners

and

Springs紧固件和弹簧3．Permanent永久式．When

this

type

of

fastener

is

used，it

is

intended

that

theparts

will

never

be

disassembled．Examples

are

riveted

andwelded

joints

(铆接和焊接)．Lesson

7Fasteners

and

Springs紧固件和弹簧The

following

factors

should

be

taken into

account

whenselecting

fasteners

for

a

givenapplication：primary

function;appearance;（外部特征）（3）a

large

number

of

small

size

fasteners

versus

a

smallnumber

of

large

size

fasteners（an

example

isbolts）；Lesson

7Fasteners

and

Springs紧固件和弹簧（

4

）

operating

conditions

such

as vibration

，

loads

antemperature;frequency

of

disassembly；adjustability

in

the

location

（位置）ofparts;types

of

materials

to

be

joined；consequences（后果）

of

failure

or

loosening

of

thefastener．Lesson

7Fasteners

and

Springs紧固件和弹簧The

importance

of

fasteners

can

be

realized

(

认识)

whenreferring

to（涉及）

any

complex

product．In

the

case

ofthe automobile

，

there

are

literally (

逐字的，照字面的thousands

of

parts

which

are

fastened

together

to

producethe

total

product．Lesson

7Fasteners

and

Springs紧固件和弹簧The

failure

or

loosening

of

a

single

fastener

could

result

in

asimple

nuisance

（

障碍，损失，

麻烦）

such

as

a

dorattle

（喀啦声）

or

in

a

serious

situation

such

as

a

wheelcoming

off.

Such

possibilities

must

be

taken

into

account

inthe

selection

of

the

type

of

fastener

for

the

specificapplication.Lesson

7Fasteners

and

Springs紧固件和弹簧Springs are

mechanical

members

which are

designed

togive

a

relatively

large

amount

of

elastic

deflection

under

theaction

of

an

externally

applied

load．Hooke’s

law，whichstates

that

deflection

is

proportional

to

load,

is

the

basis

ofbehavior

of

springs．Lesson

7Fasteners

and

Springs紧固件和弹簧However

，

some

springs

are

designed

to

produce

anonlinear

relationship between

load

and deflection

．

Thefollowing

is

a

list

of

the

important

purposes

and

applicationsofsprings:Lesson

7Fasteners

and

Springs紧固件和弹簧1．Control

of

motion

in

machines．This

category

represents

the

majority

of

spring

applicationssuch

as

operating

forces

in

clutches

and

brakes（离合器和制动器）．

Also

，

springs

are

used

to

maintain

contactbetween

two

members

such

as

a

cam

and

its

follower．Lesson

7Fasteners

and

Springs紧固件和弹簧2.Reduction

oftransmitted

forcesasaresultofimpact（冲击）or

shockloading.Applications

here

include

automotive

suspension s

ystemsprings

and

bumper

springs（缓冲弹簧）.Lesson

7Fasteners

and

Springs紧固件和弹簧Storage

of

energy．Applications

in

this

category

are

found

in

clocks,

moviecameras

（

摄影机）

and

lawn mowers

（

割草机）

.

Manparking

meters

（停车计时器）

use

spring

mechanisms

（弹簧机构）which

perform

the

timingfunction.Measurement

of

force.Scales

（

秤

）

used

to

weigh

people

is

a

very

commoapplication

for

this

category.Lesson

7Fasteners

and

Springs紧固件和弹簧Most

springs

are

made

of

steel,although

silicon

bronze,brass

and

beryllium

copper

（硅青铜、黄铜和铜铍合金）are

also

used.

Springs

are

universally

made

by

companieswhich

specialize

inthe

manufacture

of

springs.Lesson

7Fasteners

and

Springs紧固件和弹簧The

helical（螺旋线）

coil

spring（圆柱螺旋弹簧）is

themost

popular

type

of

spring;

torsion

bars

and

leaf

springs（扭杆和板弹簧）

are

also

widely

used.

If

the

wire

diameter（

assuming

a

helical

coil

spring

）

is

less

than

8mm,thespringwill

normallybe

cold－wound（冷卷法）

from

hard－drawn（拔）

or

oil－tempered（回火）

wire.For

largediameters,springsare

formedu