高三英语二轮复习外刊阅读热点话题培优练3：人与动物

外刊阅读热点话题培优练3人与动物Ⅰ.阅读理解AnArizonaaquariumiscelebratingthehatchingofthreeendangeredAfricanpenguinchicks,sayingthetinyadditionsaregeneticallyvaluableaszoosandaquariumsaroundtheworldworktoensurethespecies’survivalthroughbreeding(培育)programsandconservationefforts.OfficialsatOdySeaAquariummadetheannouncementonFriday,postingthevideoofthecutebirdsonsocialmedia.Theyhatchedafewweeksagoandwillremainbehindthesceneswiththeirparentsuntilthey’rereadyforapublicappearance.AfricanpenguinshavesufferedamassivepopulationdeclineoverthedecadesandarelistedasendangeredbytheInternationalUnionforConservationofNature.Soanysuccessfulhatchingiscauseforcelebration,saidJessicaPeranteau,directorofanimaltrainingandeducationattheaquarium.“AsthepopulationoftheAfricanpenguincontinuestorapidlydecline—down23%inthepasttwoyearsalone—OdySeaAquariumremainscommittedtothesurvivalofthespeciesinpartnershipwithAssociationofZoosandAquariums，”Peranteausaidinastatement.Thebreedingprogramestablishedbytheorganizationaimstobuildupagenebankforthespecies.OfficialssaytwoofthethreenewchicksinScottsdalewereborntoparentsMojoandLemieux—apowercoupleofsortsthatwasselectedforpairingaspartofthebreedingprogram.Thethirdchickwasborntofirst－timeparentsBubblesandWeasley.Aquariumworkerswillregularlyconduct“chickchecks”，briefexamstomonitortheirgrowthanddevelopmentandensuretheyarehittingallnecessarymilestones.Thethreechickshaveyettobenamed,andtheirsexhasn’tyetbeendetermined.Fornowthey’reknownbytheirnumbers,42,43and44.Inall,OdySeaAquariumnowhas40Africanpenguinsandhasrecorded13successfulhatching.1.HowdidOdySeaAquariumannouncethebirthofthechicks?A.Byadvertisingitsbreedingprogram.B.Byuploadingavideoofthemonline.C.Byholdingacontesttonamethem.D.Byofferingafreevisittothezoo.2.WhatisspecialaboutOdySeaAquarium?A.Itworksonitsowntoprotectpenguins.B.Itaimstocreatenewhabitatsforpenguins.C.Ithashatched40Africanpenguinssofar.D.Itfocusesonthesurvivalofthepenguins.3.Whatcanwelearnaboutthethreepenguinchicks?A.Theywereborntothesameparents.B.Theywereraisedbyapowercouple.C.Theirgenderhasbeenidentified.D.Theirgrowthismonitoredclosely.4.Whatisthetextmainlyabout?A.EndangeredpenguinchickshatchatOdySeaAquarium.B.Penguinchicksmaketheirfirstappearanceinpublic.C.Africanpenguinssufferasharpdeclineinpopulations.D.Newly－bornpenguinsaretakengoodcareofinzoos.Haveyoueverseenoneofthemanyvideosofanelephantgrabbingapaintbrush,puttingitinpaint,andproducingapaintingsimilartosomethinga5－year－oldcouldcreate?Whilewatchinganelephantpaintisanamazingsight,wecan’thelpbutwonderwhetherthetrainingmethodsandresultsreflectanimalcruelty.A2014studyonfourcaptive(被圈养的)AsianelephantsattheMelbourneZooinAustraliasoughttoidentifystress－relatedbehaviorsaroundtheactivityofpainting.Whiletheresearchersfoundthattheelephantshadaneutralresponsetopainting—notstressful,norenriching—itseemedthatwhenanelephantwasnotselectedtopaint,itdisplayednon－interactivebehavior.Thisisseenasapossiblesignalofstressintheanimals.Inaddition,PETA,afamousanimalrightsgroup，hascitedseveralAmericanzoosthatuseharmfultrainingmethodstogetelephantstopaint,performtricks,playinstruments,andmore.Noteveryzoothatorganizeselephantpaintingusesaggression(攻击)toencouragetheelephants.However,PETAarguesthatanimalsheltersshouldnotforceanimalstodotricksatall.Activistorganizationswarnthatelephantscanundergoextremediscomfortinthetrainingprocess.Furthermore,manyofthepaintingelephantsareveryyoung,atanagewheretheyshouldstillbewiththeirmothers.Itraisesquestionsaboutwhetherthere’sachancethattheywerecaughtfortheexpresspurposeofperforming,oriftheycouldsomehowberestoredtoareturntothewild.Itisdifficulttosupportanykindoftrainedbehaviorthatdiffersgreatlyfromawildanimal’snaturaltendencies.Theroleofashelter,ideally,istoallowananimaltoliveasclosetoitsnormallifeaspossible，perhapswithaneyetoreturningtheanimaltothewild；teachingthemtopaintdoesnotseemtoalign__withthattarget,particularlyifit’snotalearnedbehaviorthattheanimalwouldbewillingtodoindependently.5.Whatcanbesafelyconcludedfromthe2014study?A.Researchersdidn’tcollectsolidevidence.B.Paintingpromotedelephants’interaction.C.Negativeeffectsofpaintingwereconfirmed.D.Elephantsmadestrongresponsestopainting.6.Whatisaconcernofactivistorganizations?A.Complexityofthetrainingprocess.B.Purposesofelephants’performance.C.Dailyactivitiesofcaptiveelephants.D.Potentialforelephants’returntonature.7.Whatdoestheunderlinedphrase“alignwith”inthelastparagraphmean?A.Wanderoff. B.Setup.C.Consistwith. D.Goagainst.8.Whatmightbethebesttitleforthetext?A.HowDoesPETAHelps?B.WhyDoPeopleRightAnimals?C.ShouldElephantsPaint?D.ShouldElephantsLiveinCaptivity?Ⅱ.七选五Toomuchstuff,toomuchtodo,toomuchstress...Theseareweighingpeopledownandbreakingtheirspirit.__1__Hereareseveralthingstohelpyougetstarted.Thefirststepistosortoutyourpossessions.Toliveasimplelife,youneedasimplelivingspace.Sotakesometimetotidyyourlivingarea.Focusonkeepingthingsthatyouvaluedeeplyandthrowawaythingsthatyoudon’tneedanylonger.__2__Finally,youwillbeshockedtoseehowfewpossessionsyouactuallyuseinyourdailylife.__3__Ashumanswetendtothinkofwhatweareusedtoasbeingnaturallyright.However,therecouldbeproblemsinthemillionlittlethingsthatbotherusaswegoaboutourday.Thebestskillyoucandevelopinyourlifeistheabilitytotakeastepbackandlookatthingsobjectivelybyraisingdoubtsaboutwhatisseeminglythewayitissupposedtobe.Weshouldalwaysstaymindfulandlivewithintention.Ifthereissomethinginyourlifethatyoudon’tlove,changeit!Cutoutthethingsthataren’tservingyou.Youcanwritedownwhatanidealdaywouldlooklikeforyouinfiveyears’time.Thenoutlinewhatthingsyouwantmoreinyourlifeandwhatthingsyouwantless.__4__Managingyourtimewiselycounts.__5__Instead,takesometimetothinkaboutwhetherit’ssomethingthatyouareexcitedaboutattending.Beclearhowyouspendyourtimeandtakecontrolofwhatyoudo.Thisishowyoucanguaranteeyourselfaflexiblescheduleanddoeverythinginanunhurriedway.A.Minimalistsliveintentionally.B.Completetheprocessinseveralsweeps.C.Don’treply“yes”toeverythingyou’reinvitedto.D.Withthatinhand,youhaveagoaltoworktowards.E.Fromtimetotimeyouneedtoquestionyourlifestyle.F.That’swhythereisagrowinginterestintheminimalistlifestyle.G.Havingaflexiblescheduledependsonyoutakingcontrolofthings.Ⅲ.语法填空AimingtoinspirethepeopleofvariouscountriestolearnChinese,thevideoseriesTheImaginationofArtwasreleasedonOct.24.Theproject，1.____________(joint)producedbytheCenterforLanguageEducationandCooperationandCentralAcademyofFineArts,selectsmultipleartpiecescreatedbyfourartists:WuJian’an,KangLei,LuZhengyuanandZhangFan.Underthethemeof“TheChineseLanguage＋Arts”，theseries2.____________(comprise)oftwoparts,thefirstpartofwhichcontainsfourepisodes,each3.____________(feature)oneartist.ThesecondpartwillseeeducationexpertsguideChineselearningfromtheir4.____________(work)ofart.Inthefirstepisode,Wu,onedirectorofFineArtsExperimentalArtSchoolattheacademy,5.__________________(share)hiscreationprocedureofTheHeavenofNineLevels,6.____________hand－carvedpieceinspiredby“ShanHaiJing”.ThesecondintroducesTheGardenofForkingPaths,artistKang’spainting,7.____________titleisinspiredfromJorgeBorges’novel.TheworkdemonstratesKang’sreflection8.____________time,asshepaintsdifferentscenesandimagesindifferentplacesandatdifferenttimesworldwide9.____________(record)herfeelingsandexperiences.TheothertwoepisodesarerespectivelyaboutLu’sworkSolidLiquidandZhang’sworkTianxin,bothofwhichhavea10.____________(power)effectonpeoplelearningChinese.A篇Para.1：endangeredadj.濒临灭绝的，(物种)有灭种危险的survivaln.生存；存活；幸存conservationn.(对环境的)保护；保存Para.2：behindthescenes在后台，在幕后；秘密地，背地里Para.3：massiveadj.巨大的；非常严重的Para.4：committedadj.尽心尽力的；坚信的；坚定的establishv.建立，设立，创立，确立B篇Para.2：neutraladj.中立的；中性的；无倾向性的seektodosth试图做某事，寻求做某事Para.3：inaddition另外，此外Para.4：activistn.积极分子；活跃分子undergov.经历，经受restorev.恢复(某种情况或感受)；使复原；使复位；归还Para.5：differfrom与……不同B篇译文：这引发了人们的疑问：它们是否有可能是出于表演的明确目的而被捕获的，或者它们是否可以通过某种方式回归自然。参考答案Ⅰ.【语篇解读】本文是说明文。文章通过OdySeaAquarium庆祝成功孵化三只濒危的非洲企鹅引出话题，讲述非洲企鹅数量锐减，OdySeaAquarium与AssociationofZoosandAquariums为该物种的生存而努力。1.B[细节理解题。根据第二段中的“OfficialsatOdySeaAquariummadetheannouncementonFriday，postingthevideoofthecutebirdsonsocialmedia”可知，水族馆的工作人员将孵化出的可爱的企鹅幼鸟的视频发布到网上，宣布三只企鹅幼鸟的诞生。故B项正确。]2.D[细节理解题。根据第四段中的“‘AsthepopulationoftheAfricanpenguin...andAquariums，’Peranteausaidinastatement”可知，OdySeaAquarium与AssociationofZoosandAquariums为非洲企鹅的生存做出努力，所以该水族馆关注非洲企鹅的生存。故D项正确。]3.D[推理判断题。根据尾段中的“Aquariumworkerswillregularlyconduct‘chickchecks’...arehittingallnecessarymilestones”可知，水族馆工作人员定期对这三只企鹅幼鸟进行检查，通过简单的检查来监测它们的成长和发育。由此可推断，这三只幼鸟在密切监测下成长。故D项正确。]4.A[文章大意题。根据首段的内容可知，本文通过OdySeaAquarium庆祝成功孵化三只濒危的非洲企鹅幼鸟引出话题，围绕非洲企鹅的数量锐减、OdySeaAquarium与AssociationofZoosandAquariums为该物种的生存所做出的一系列努力展开讲述。由此可知，A项“濒危的企鹅幼鸟在OdySeaAquarium孵化”最能概括本文的主旨。]【语篇解读】本文是说明文。文章从大象画画入手，谈论了训练动物的方法和结果，实际上从另一方面反映了对动物的虐待。5.A[细节理解题。根据第二段中的“A2014studyonfour...theresearchersfoundthattheelephantshadaneutralresponsetopainting”可知，研究人员在2014年的研究中并没有得到可靠的证据来证明大象的绘画活动与压力相关的行为有关，故选A。文中的neutral是解题的关键，意为“无倾向性的，中立的”。]6.D[细节理解题。根据第四段的内容，尤其是“iftheycouldsomehowberestoredtoareturntothewild”可知，积极分子组织关注的是大象回归自然的可能性。]7.C[词义猜测题。最后一段中的“Theroleofashelter...perhapswithaneyetoreturningtheanimaltothewild”指的是收容所的目标是让动物尽可能接近其正常生活或者是让动物回归野外，而教它们画画似乎与这个目标不一致，由此可知，画线词组意为“一致”。]8.C[标题归纳题。文章第一段通过大象画画介绍了训练动物的方法和结果，从而引出对动物的虐待这一话题，后文围绕这一话题展开讨论，故选项C最适合作文章标题。]Ⅱ.【语篇解读】本文是说明文。文章就如何过极简生活给出了几点建议。1.F[空前提到太多的事情和压力压得人们喘不过气，空后提到这里有几件事可以帮你开始，由此可知，该空应该会讲到一种减轻人们压力的方式，起到承上启下的作用。F项“这就是为什么人们对极简主义生活方式越来越感兴趣”符合语境。后文的内容也都是关于如何做到极简主义。故填F。]2.B[空前一句讲到专注于保留你非常珍视的东西，扔掉你不再需要的东西，空后一句提到最后你会惊讶地发现你在日常生活中实际使用的物品是如此之少。由此可知，该空的内容应与完成整理任务有关。对比各选项可知，B项“在几次打扫中完成此过程”符合语境。]3.E[分析篇章结构可知，该篇为总分结构。第二段至第五段，每段的首句为该段的主题句。根据结构衔接做题法可知，该空也应为该段的主题句。根据该段内容尤其是“Thebestskillyoucandevelop...thewayitissupposedtobe”可知，此段讲述的是要时常对自己的生活方式