高考英语一轮复习介词与数词+课件+

介词与数词1.

Giant

pandas

also

serve

___

an

umbrella

species,

bringing

protection

to

a

host

of

plants

and

animals

in

the

southwestern

and

northwestern

parts

of

China.as[解析]

考查介词。固定短语：serve

as

充当。2.

He

flew

4,700

kilometers

______

Xi’an

to

Kashgar

on

Sept.

20,

planning

to

hike

back

to

Xi’an

in

five

months.from[解析]

考查介词。根据句意和Xi’an

to

Kashgar

可知，此处表示“从西安飞往喀什”，应用介词from，固定搭配from...to...表示“从……到……”。3.

May

21st

this

year

marks

the

first

International

Tea

Day,

which

was

named

officially

____

the

United

Nations

on

November

27th,

2019.by[解析]

考查介词。根据句意可知，此处表达“被联合国命名”。表示被动，用固定结构“be+过去分词+by”。4.

It

was

built

originally

to

protect

the

city

___

the

Tang

dynasty

and

has

now

been

completely

restored

（修复）.in[解析]

表示在某个朝代要用介词in。5.

It

was

not

widely

accepted

as

a

travel

concept

_____the

late

1980s.until[解析]

考查介词。空前有not再结合语境可知，此处与not一起构成固定用法not...until...，意为“直到……才……”。〔必备知识〕一、介词介词一般置于名词之前，故又称前置词。介词一般不重读，也不能单独充当句子成分。1.表示时间的介词表示时间的介词at表示时间点、具体时刻等This

year’s

event

will

take

place

on

June

19th.

今年的活动将于6月19日举行。We’re

open

till/until

6

o’clock.我们营业到6点钟。He’s

been

working

in

a

bank

since

leaving

school.他毕业以后一直在一家银行工作。on表示特定的时间或具体某一天的上午、下午或晚上in表示在某段较长的时间内in/after均意为“在……之后”。“in+时间段”常与一般将来时连用;“after+时间段”常与一般过去时连用since后接时间点,意为“自从……以来”for后接时间段,意为“达，计”表示时间的介词until/till直到……为止Leave

your

keys

at

reception

before

departure.离开前请把钥匙留在服务台。Over

the

next

few

days

they

got

to

know

the

town

well.在以后几天中，他们逐渐熟悉了这个小镇。by到……时;不迟于……during在……期间before在……之前over在……期间through一直到,自始至终续表2.表示地点的介词表示地点的介词at后常接相对较小的地方She

walked

across

the

floor

and

lay

down

on

the

bed.她走过地板躺在了床上。The

sunlight

came

in

through

the

windows

in

the

roof

and

lit

up

the

whole

room.阳光透过天窗照了进来,照亮了整个房间。The

dog

jumped

over

some

bushes

and

saw

the

little

stream.那条狗跳过几丛灌木看到了小溪。in后常接相对较大的地方或某一个大的范围on在……上（beneath）across从……的表面穿过;在……对面表示地点的介词through从……的内部穿过She

walked

across

the

floor

and

lay

down

on

the

bed.她走过地板躺在了床上。The

sunlight

came

in

through

the

windows

in

the

roof

and

lit

up

the

whole

room.阳光透过天窗照了进来,照亮了整个房间。The

dog

jumped

over

some

bushes

and

saw

the

little

stream.那条狗跳过几丛灌木看到了小溪。over从……的上面跨过（under）above指离开物体表面而在其上方,但并不一定是垂直向上。（below）续表3.表示方式的介词表示方式的介词表示使用的工具、手段、材料时,with、by、in、on都意为“用”。（1）with多指用具体的工具、身体的某部位或器官;（2）by侧重使用某种方法、手段或乘坐某种交通工具;（3）in指使用某种语言、笔墨等;（4）on可用于表示信息传递的名词前。pay

by

cheque用支票付款by

boat/bus/car/plane乘船/公共汽车/轿车/飞机by

air/land/sea坐飞机/由陆路/由海路with

chopsticks用筷子listen

to

the

news

on

the

radio听收音机播送的新闻in

French用法语4.表示原因的介词（短语）表示原因的介词（短语）for,

because

of,

due

to,

thanks

to,

owing

to,

on

account

of,

as

a

result

ofThe

open-air

celebration

has

been

put

off

because

of

the

bad

weather.因为天气不好,这次户外庆祝会被推迟了。特别提醒上述中的短语除due

to,

owing

to,

because

of既可作状语又可作表语外,其他短语一般作状语。thanks

to

表示“幸亏，由于”,多位于句首5.表示“除……之外”的介词（短语）表示“除……之外”的介词（短语）besides意为“除……之外（还）”,相当于in

addition

toBesides

working

as

a

doctor,

he

also

writes

novels

in

his

spare

time.除了当医生之外，他在业余时间还写小说。Apart

from

good

service,

the

restaurant

offers

different

kinds

of

traditional

Fujian

dishes.除优质的服务外,这个饭店还提供各种各样的传统福建菜。except意为“除……之外（别无）”but意为“除……之外”（=except）apart

from既可相当于besides或in

addition

to,也可相当于except

forother

than意为“除……之外（别无）”6.其他常考介词其他常考介词against违背,反对;倚靠;以……为背景,衬托Copies

are

available

for

two

dollars

each.两美元一份。Can’t

you

throw

out

that

old

bike

of

Tommy’s?难道你就不能把汤米那辆旧自行车给扔掉？beyond（范围、限度）超出,为……所不能及by程度或增减的幅度;按照despite尽管for为了;（表示对象或用途等）给;因为;就……而言;赞成,支持；换取with和……在一起;和,跟;具有,带有;（表示伴随）随着其他常考介词of属于；关于；出身于（某背景）；住在（某地）She

drove

so

fast

at

the

turn

that

the

car

almost

went

off

the

road.她在转弯处开得如此快,以至于车差点偏离公路。Tired,

Jim

was

fast

asleep

with

his

back

against

a

big

tree.吉姆累了,背靠着一棵大树睡熟了。within在（规定的范围或程度）……内without没有off从……落下；（时空上）离，距;（表示方向）偏离;离开续表二、数词表示数目多少或顺序先后的词叫做数词。数词主要分为两大类：基数词和序数词。基数词基数词在句中主要作主语、表语、同位语、宾语和定语Thirteen

is

regarded

as

an

unlucky

number

in

some

western

countries.在一些西方国家,13被看作是一个不吉利的数字。hundred、thousand、million、billion等词和of连用时,需用复数形式,表示概数；与具体数字连用时使用单数形式Most

of

the

ice

has

been

there

for

thousands

of

years.大部分的冰已经在那里数千年了。逢十的基数词的复数形式可表示年龄,用在“in

one’s+基数词的复数”结构中He

began

to

learn

English

in

his

fifties.他在五十多岁时开始学习英语。序数词序数词在句中主要作主语、表语、宾语和定语,前面一般要加定冠词或物主代词He

celebrated

his

18th

birthday

yesterday.

昨天,他庆祝了他的18岁生日。序数词可以和不定冠词连用,表示“再一,又一”The

book

is

very

interesting.

I

want

to

read

it

a

second

time.这本书非常有意思。我想再读一遍。序数词一般是由基数词加-th构成。以-y结尾的基数词构成序数词时,先把y变为i,再加-eth,如twentieth,

fiftieth。特殊的序数词有first、second、third、fifth、eighth、ninth、twelfth。续表〔技巧点拨〕典例1

We

were

first

greeted

with

the

barking

by

a

pack

___

dogs,

seven

to

be

exact.of[解析]

思路点拨

固定搭配法。a

pack

of为固定搭配，意为“一群……”。典例2

As

the_____（three）

solar

term

in

the

lunar

year,

Awakening

of

Insects（惊蛰）

suggests

the

fact

that

animals

sleeping

in

winter

are

awakened

by

spring

thunder.third[解析]

思路点拨

句意分析法。句意:作为农历的第三个节气,惊蛰意味着冬眠的动物被春雷唤醒。此处表示第三个,要用序数词形式。〔分层特训〕Ⅰ.单句语法填空1.

I

followed

behind

and

saw

her

remove

the

pan

______

the

stove

and

into

the

sink.from[解析]

句意：我跟在后面，看见她把平底锅从炉子上拿下来，放到水槽里。remove

sth.

from

sth.意为“把某物从某物中去除”。2.

Baking

is

very

good

for

focusing

the

mind

because

it

often

relies

____

very

exact

measurements.on[解析]

rely

on为固定搭配，意为“依赖”。3.

A

concrete

bookstore

in

Wisdom

Bay

innovation

park

in

Shanghai

is

the

first

3D-printed

in

China.

It

opened

___

the

public

in

March,

2021.to[解析]

be

open

to...对……开放。4.

Also,

during

the

preparations

for

the

games,

all

the

work

was

done

___

an

environmentally

friendly

manner.in[解析]

in

a（n）...manner以……的方式。5.

Grain

Rain,

as

the

______（six）

term,

starts

on

April

20

and

ends

on

May

5.sixth[解析]

the后跟序数词sixth，句子表示“谷雨是第六个节气”，故填sixth。6.

After

failing

___

the

first

two

attempts,

she

realized

scientific

research

was

also

important.at[解析]

固定短语“at

the+序数词+attempt”，意为“第……次尝试”。7.

Due

to

the

growing

popularity

of

environmentally-related

and

adventure

travel,

various

types

___

trips

are

now

being

classified

as

ecotourism.of[解析]

various

types

of

为固定结构，表示“各种类型的……”，所以空格处应填of。8.

In

1844

they

bought

it

____

＄1,200

and

some

land

from

Charles

Dresser,

who

performed

their

marriage

ceremony

in

1842.for[解析]

“buy

sth.

for+金额”意为“用多少钱买某物”。故填for。9.

Museums

must

compete

____

people’s

spare

time

and

money

with

other

amusements.for[解析]

compete

for意为“为了……竞争”。故填for。10.

The

artist

was

finally

humbled

（谦卑）

by

the

greatest

artist

____

earth,

Mother

Nature.on[解析]

句意：这位艺术家最终在世界上最伟大的艺术家——大自然面前感到惭愧。on

earth“在世界上”。故填on。Ⅱ.语法填空

In

Chinese

culture,

tigers

are

considered

the

king

of

all

beasts.

They

symbolize

power,

energy,

protection,1.

.（generous）

and

unpredictability.

Tigers

are

regarded

as

fearless

creatures,

so

that’s

2.

.

in

China

you

can

see

images

of

tigers

on

the

walls

of

temples

and

houses

3.

.（resist）

disaster

and

danger.

Tigers

have

an

important

cultural

significance

not

just

in

China,4.

.

across

Asia.

As

they

5.

.（most）

live

in

Asia,

they

have

become

a

cultural

symbol

of

Eastern

countries

for

many

westerners.

For

example,

in

the

last

century

strong

economies

in

the

East—Singapore,

South

Korea,

China’s

Taiwan

and

Hong

Kong—6.

.（call）

“The

Four

Asian

Tigers”.generositywhyto

resistbutmostlywere

called

Instead

of

tigers,

lions

are

considered

as

the

king

of

all

beasts

in

the

West.

But

in

the

West,

tigers

are

also

seen

as

a

very7.

.（power）

animal.

In

English,

if

you

want

someone

to

calm

down,

you

can

say

to

them,

“easy

tiger”.

Another

famous

phrase

is

“Eye

of

the

Tiger”,

8.

.

means

fierceness

and

strength.

China

has

its

animal

zodiac

system,9.

.（show）

the

connection,

understanding

and

respect

that

humans

can

have

for

animals.

Just

like

tigers

serve

as

a

symbol

of

protection

in

Chinese

culture,

we

hope

that

in

the

Year