专题05阅读理解之说明文(解析版)-2023年中考英语一模试题分项汇编(全国通用)

试卷第=page2020页，共=sectionpages11页专题05阅读理解之说明文（2023·江苏无锡·江苏省锡山高级中学实验学校校考一模）BackinBrisbane,Australia,fortheChristmasbreak,Ifoundmyselfinapublictransportdeadzone.Bikeless,7kilometersfromwhereIwasmeetingfriendsandunwillingtogetataxi,Idecidedtoborrowanelectricscooter.Thetriptookfarlongerthanitwouldhavebybike,mainlybecauseofamajorspillhalfwaythere.Arock,hitatspeed,isaterriblething:weekslater,Istillhadtheredkneesofaprimaryschooler.IntheUK,theyarelegal(合法的)onlyonprivateland,buttheDepartmentforTransportisdiscussinghowtocontrolthemonpublicroadsandpathways,withthepossibilityforlegalizationlaterthisyear.Othercitiesthathavee-scooterrentalprogramshavehadproblemsintheearlyperiod.InParis,MayorAnneHidalgodescribedthesituationlastyearasmessy.Shehasannouncedthatthecityisreducingitsnumberofe-scootersto15,000andplanstocreatelawsforbiddingthemfrompavements(人行道).Francehasputintoforcelawslimitinge-scooterspeedsto25kilometresperhour.Similartodockless(无桩的)hirebicycles,e-scootersareparkedonpavementsandpeopleleavethemuptreesorthrowthemintorivers.Wildtreatmentshortenstheirlifetime,whichisbadforbothprofitability(盈利)andtheenvironment.Analysissuggeststhattheaveragee-scooter’slifetimeisjustthreemonths.Ithinke-scootersareanbasicpartoftheefforttomakecitytransportgreener.Theyareseenasakeytothe“lastmile”problem—apotentialwaytoreducetransportjambyrapidlygettingsomeonetotheirfinalgoal.Carscantakeup28timesthespaceofapersonridingabicycle.Asfarastheenvironmentaleffectgoes,recentresearchsuggeststhate-scootersarenotasgreenaswalkingorcycling,buttheyarestillbetterthancars.Andthoughtherearestillmanyreportsofseriousaccidents,scootingisaboutassafeascycling.StephenGosslingatLundUniversityinSwedenhassuggestedwebuildcar-free“micromobility”streets,wherecyclists,pedestrians(行人)ande-scooterscouldsharetheroad.Hethinksthiswillreduceaccidentrisksandinvitemorevulnerable(易受伤害的)trafficparticipants,suchaschildren,tobecomeactivetransportusers.Ifmoree-scootersmeanfewercarsonroads,animprovementinlocalairqualityisalsoalikelyresult.When20kilometersofroadsincentralLondonclosedforWorldCar-FreeDaylastSeptember,theairqualitywasgreatlyimprovedaccordingtothereport.1．Whatdoestheunderlinedpart“amajorspill”inParagraph1probablymean?A．Aseriousfall. B．Asuddenillness. C．Alegalreaction. D．Aterriblebreakdown.2．Whatdoweknowaboute-scootersinParis?A．Theyareillegalonpavements. B．Theyarealreadyoutoffashion.C．Theyarefacingmorelimits. D．Theyaremorecommononprivateland.3．Whatisthewriter’sopinionofe-scooters?A．Theyarenotassafeascycling. B．Theyalwayscausethetrafficjams.C．Theyareasgreenascyclingorwalking. D．Theyplayabigroleinthe“lastmile”problem.4．WhatisStephenGossling’ssuggestion?A．Tosetupmorecare-freedays. B．Toinvitemorecycliststousee-scooters.C．Togetvulnerablepedestriansofftheroad. D．Toseparatecarsfrome-scootersontheroad.【答案】1．A

2．C

3．D

4．D【导语】本文主要介绍了一些城市出现电动踏板车后出现的一些问题。但作者认为电动摩托车是城市交通绿化的重要组成部分。很多的电动滑板车意味着道路上汽车的减少，那么当地的空气质量可能也会改善。1．词义猜测题。根据“Thetriptookfarlongerthanitwouldhavebybike”可知作者花费了比骑自行车更久的时间，再由“Arock,hitatspeed,isaterriblething:weekslater,Istillhadtheredkneesofaprimaryschooler.”可知电动车在路上撞到了石头上，作者摔了一跤，amajorspill意为“摔了一跤”。故选A。2．细节理解题。根据“InParis,MayorAnneHidalgodescribedthesituationlastyearasmessy.Shehasannouncedthatthecityisreducingitsnumberofe-scootersto15,000andplanstocreatelawsforbiddingthemfrompavements.”可知在巴黎电动踏板车受到了诸多限制。故选C。3．观点态度题。根据“Ithinke-scootersareanbasicpartoftheefforttomakecitytransportgreener.Theyareseenasakeytothe‘lastmile’problem—apotentialwaytoreducetransportjambyrapidlygettingsomeonetotheirfinalgoal.”可知作者认为电动踏板车在“最后一英里”问题中发挥重要作用。故选D。4．细节理解题。根据“StephenGosslingatLundUniversityinSwedenhassuggestedwebuildcar-free‘micromobility’streets,wherecyclists,pedestriansande-scooterscouldsharetheroad.”可知StephenGossling建议在路上把汽车和电动踏板车分开。故选D。（2023·浙江温州·校联考一模）Swedenproducesabout4.4milliontonsofwasteayear,butonly1%makesitswaytothelandfill.Whenitcomestowastemanagement,Swedenisaheadofitstime.HowhasSwedendoneit?InSweden,everyoneworkshardtomaketheenvironmentfreeofwaste.Peoplearetaughttorecyclefromaveryyoungage.Theyareaskedtoreturncansandbottlestosupermarkets.Thegovernmentplacesrecyclingstationsnomorethan300metersfromhomes,schools,andoffices.TheseallhelpwastemanagementinSwedenmucheasierandmorepractical.Thecountryalsorewardsthosewhorecycle.In1984,Swedenstartedthepantasystem.Itencouragespeopletorecyclebottlesinexchangeformoney.Theprocessisverysimple.Peopleputtheiritemsintoamachine.Eachpiecehasasmallbarcodethattellsthemachinehowmuchitisworth.Peoplecancollectavoucherforthatamountbypressingagreenbutton,ortheycandonatethemoneytocharitybypressingayellowbutton.In2021,theSwedishrecycled1.8billionbottlesandcansbyusingpantasystem.Swedenrecyclesnearly50%ofwhatitthrowsaway.Butwhatabouttheotherhalf?________AltogetherSwedenhas34waste-to-energyplantsthatprovide1,445,000homeswithheatand780,000homeswithelectricity.ChangingwasteintoenergyhasreducedSweden’sCO2emissionsby2.2milliontonsayear.In2016,Swedenhadstartedrunningoutoftrash,soitbeganimportingwastefromothercountries.Itnotonlykeepstheplantsworking,butalsoletsSwedenmakemuchmoney.ThatiswhatmakesSwedendifferentfromtheothercountries.Sweden’swastemanagementhasmadeagreatsuccess.Butstill,thecountryiswonderinghowitcandomore.Theyhopetoseeadaywhenlandfillsareathingofthepast.5．Theword“These”inPara.2referstothe________thathelptorecyclethewaste.A．plans B．meanings C．actions D．reasons6．Inthepantasystem,peoplecan________.A．findrecyclingstationseasily B．sellbottlestosupermarketsC．changethewasteintoenergy D．getrewardsfrommachines7．Whichofthefollowingcanbebestfilledinthe________inPara.4?A．ThiswasteisrecycledbySwedishathome.B．Thiswastegoestolandfillsandisburntthere.C．Thiswasteisputintomachinesandissoldabroad.D．Thiswastegoestoplantsandischangedintoenergy.8．Thepurposeofthispassageisto________.A．celebratethesuccessofwasterecyclinginSwedenB．adviseothercountriestoaskforhelpfromSwedenC．introducetheSwedishmethodofwastemanagementD．showSwedenearnsmuchmoneybyrecyclingwaste【答案】5．C

6．D

7．D

8．C【导语】本文主要讲了瑞典处理垃圾的方法。5．词义猜测题。根据“InSweden,everyoneworkshardtomaketheenvironmentfreeofwaste.Peoplearetaughttorecyclefromaveryyoungage.Theyareaskedtoreturncansandbottlestosupermarkets.Thegovernmentplacesrecyclingstationsnomorethan300metersfromhomes,schools,andoffices.”可知此处讲人们帮助回收垃圾的行为，此处的“These”指的是上文的种种行为，故选C。6．细节理解题。根据“In1984,Swedenstartedthepantasystem.Itencouragespeopletorecyclebottlesinexchangeformoney.”可知在panta系统中，人们可以从机器中获得奖励。故选D。7．推理判断题。根据后文“AltogetherSwedenhas34waste-to-energyplantsthatprovide1,445,000homeswithheatand780,000homeswithelectricity.ChangingwasteintoenergyhasreducedSweden’sCO2emissionsby2.2milliontonsayear.”可知此处讲的是将废物转化为能源，D选项“这些废物进入发电厂并转化为能源。”符合语境。故选D。8．推理判断题。通读全文及“Sweden’swastemanagementhasmadeagreatsuccess.”可知本文主要介绍瑞典的废物管理方法。故选C。（2023·山东日照·校考一模）TOKYO,JAPAN—Whatdoyoudowhenyouseeacockroach(蟑螂)?Doyouhititwithanewspaper?Doyousteponit?WhenresearchersatTokyoUniversityseeacockroach,theytaketheremotecontrolandmakethecockroachturnaround,runleftorright,orgoforward.Thesescientistsarechangingthecockroachesintorobots.Eachcockroachhasaverysmallpacketthathasinitamicroprocessor(微处理器).Thenresearcherscansendsignalsfromtheremotecontroltothepacket.Thesignalscontrolthemovementsofthecockroaches.Whydoesanyonewanttocontrolacockroach?“Insectscandomanythingsthatpeoplecan’t,”saysIsaoShimoyama,headofrobotresearchatTokyoUniversity.Inafewyears,hesays,theserobotinsectswillcarryverysmallcameras.Theywillbeabletomovethroughearthquakerubble(瓦砾)tolookforpeopleormoveunderdoorstofindinformationaboutsomeone.Thismayseemstrange,buttheJapanesegovernmentthinkstheresearchisveryimportant.Thegovernmentisgivingthescientists$5millionforthisresearch.First,theresearchersbreed(培育)hundredsofcockroaches.TheyuseonlytheAmericancockroachbecauseitisbiggerandstrongerthanothercockroaches.Thentheychoosethebestcockroachesandremovetheirwingsandantennae(触须).Theyputsmallpackswheretheantennaewere.Thepacksweighaboutthreegrams,orabouttwotimestheweightofthecockroachesthemselves.“Cockroachesareverystrong,”saysRalphHolzer,whoisaresearcheratTokyoUniversity.“Theycanlift20timestheirownweight.”Witharemotecontrol,thescientistssendsignalstothepacks.Whenacockroachgetsthesignal,itmoves.Theproblemisthatthecockroachesdon’talwaysmoveintherightdirection.9．Thescientistsarechangingthecockroachesintorobotsbecause________.A．theywantcockroachestodothingspeoplecan’tinthefutureB．theywanttocontrolthemovementsofthecockroachesC．theywantcockroachestotakephotosoftheearthquakesD．theywanttosendsignalstothepacksonthecockroaches10．Whatcancockroachesdotohelppeople?A．Theycanlift20timestheirownweight.B．Theycanhelppeopletocarryverysmallcameras.C．Theycanbreedhundredsofcockroaches.D．Theycansearchforthosepeopleinrubbleafteranearthquake.11．Scientistscontrolcockroaches’movements________.A．byremovingtheirwings B．bysendingsignalsfromtheremotecontrolC．byusingverysmallcameras D．byremovingtheirantennae12．Whatproblemdotheresearchersmeetwith?A．Thecockroachessometimesdon’tmove.B．Thecockroachessometimesmoveinthewrongdirection.C．Thecockroachesarctoobigtomovethroughearthquakerubble.D．Thecockroachescanonlylift20timestheirownweight.13．What’stheobjectofthisarticle?A．Thecockroaches B．Thesignals C．Thecockroachrobot D．Theresearchers【答案】9．A

10．D

11．B

12．B

13．A【导语】本文介绍了日本东京的科学家们想要发明的蟑螂机器人以及它的作用。9．细节理解题。根据“Whydoesanyonewanttocontrolacockroach?“Insectscandomanythingsthatpeoplecan’t,”saysIsaoShimoyama”可知，因为蟑螂能做很多人不能做的事情，故选A。10．细节理解题。根据“Theywillbeabletomovethroughearthquakerubble(瓦砾)tolookforpeopleormoveunderdoorstofindinformationaboutsomeone.”可知，蟑螂能够在地震废墟中搜寻人员，故选D。11．细节理解题。根据“Thenresearcherscansendsignalsfromtheremotecontroltothepacket.Thesignalscontrolthemovementsofthecockroaches.”可知，研究人员可以从遥控器向数据包发送信号，这些信号控制着蟑螂的行动，故选B。12．细节理解题。根据“Theproblemisthatthecockroachesdon’talwaysmoveintherightdirection.”可知，问题是蟑螂并不总是朝着正确的方向移动，故选B。13．主旨大意题。根据“TOKYO,JAPAN—Whatdoyoudowhenyouseeacockroach(蟑螂)?Doyouhititwithanewspaper?Doyousteponit?”以及整个文章的理解可知，文章主要是介绍日本东京的科学家们想要发明的蟑螂机器人以及它的作用，故选A。（2023·浙江温州·校联考一模）Humansaregettingawayfromthenaturegraduallybecauseofthedevelopingtechnology.ButnowDigitalTechnologyisofferingusanopportunitytolistentothesoundsinthenatureinpowerfulways,makingusgetclosertotheworldsofanimalsandplants.Allaroundthenature,therearesoundsthatwestruggletopickupandunderstand.Elephants,forexample,communicatewitheachotherusinginfrasound,asoundfarbelowourhumanhearingrange.Coralintheoceanalsocommunicateswitheachotherthroughsoundwaves,withonepurposeofattractingbabycoraltoareaswhereitcansuccessfullygrow.Thisisashockingfactascoraldoesn’thaveanyears!Topickupsoundshumansarenormallyunabletohear,scientistshaveplacedlisteningdevicesintheseenvironments.Researchershaveattachedtinymicrophonestohoneybeesandturtles,andstucklisteningpoststhatcanreceivedifferentsoundwavesfromcoralreefsandtrees.Thesedevicesarecontrolledbycomputersandnetworkedwithdigitalsensorsandsatellites.Wheninterconnected,thesedigitaldevicesworklikeahearingaid:enablinghumanstoobserveandrecordnature’ssoundsbeyondthelimitsofourownlisteningability.Afterthesoundsarerecorded,AIisthenabletodeterminetheirmeanings.Withthistechnology,humanscannotonlyunderstandtheanimals,butalsocommunicatebacktothem.Forexample,ateamofresearchersinGermanydecodedthehoneybees’behaviorwithAI.Thentheytaughttinyrobotshowtodothehoneybeedance.Usingthesedancingmachines,thescientistswereabletoorderthehoneybeestostopmoving,andtocommunicatewheretoflytocollectaspecificnectar.Inadditiontothepossibilityofspeakingwithanimals,theresearchcouldalsobeusedtocreateaformofhealingforanimalsandplants.That’stosay,inthenearfuture,scientistsmightbeabletogetcoraltogrowincertainareasbyplaying“healthyreef”sounds,whichcouldhelptohealsomeofthedamagewehavecaused.Now,DigitalTechnologyprovidesanewwayforhumanstolistentothevividsoundsallaroundus.Thedreamofallowinghumanstosocializewithdifferentanimalsandplantsthroughoutthenatureisbeingonitsway.14．Accordingtothepassage,nowpeoplecanuseDigitalTechnologyto________.A．seecoral’sears B．listentothesoundsoftreesC．playwithelephants D．dancewithhoneybeesthemselves15．Whichistherightordertopickupthesoundsfromthenatureforscientists?a.AnalyzethemeaningswiththehelpofAI.

b.Placelisteningdevicesintothenatureworld.c.Collectthesoundsfromtheanimalsorplants.

d.Connectthedeviceswithcomputersandnetworks.A．b→d→c→a B．b→c→d→a C．c→b→a→d D．c→d→b→a16．WhatcouldmostprobablyhappenwiththehelpofDigitalTechnology?A．Morepeoplewillchoosetoliveinthenature.B．Therewillbemuchfeweranimalsinthenature.C．Peoplecanprotecttheenvironmentmoreeasily.D．Robotscanbeusedtocommunicatewithanything.17．What’sthebesttitleofthispassage?A．Digital-tech:AnInventiontoChangePeople’sLifeB．Digital-tech:ASuggestiontoRebuildtheNatureWorldC．Digital-tech:AnAidtoEnablePeopletoHearEverythingD．Digital-tech:ASkilltoHelpPeopletoTalkwiththeNature【答案】14．B

15．A

16．C

17．D【导语】本文介绍了科学家通过放置监听设备来倾听生物的声音，为我们提供一个强有力的方式倾听非人类的声音的机会，让我们更接近动物和植物世界。14．推理判断题。根据“ButnowDigitalTechnologyisofferingusanopportunitytolistentothesoundsinthenatureinpowerfulways,makingusgetclosertotheworldsofanimalsandplants.”可知数字技术为我们提供了一个机会，让我们以强有力的方式倾听大自然的声音，故选B。15．推理判断题。根据第三段“Topickupsoundshumansarenormallyunabletohear,scientistshaveplacedlisteningdevicesintheseenvironments.”可知先将听力设备放在大自然中，a项应排第一；根据第三段“Thesedevicesarecontrolledbycomputersandnetworkedwithdigitalsensorsandsatellites.”可知要将设备与计算机和网络连接，d项应排第二；根据第三段“Wheninterconnected,thesedigitaldevicesworklikeahearingaid:enablinghumanstoobserveandrecordnature’ssoundsbeyondthelimitsofourownlisteningability.”可知将设备与计算机和网络连接后，要收集记录声音，c项应排第三；根据第三段“Afterthesoundsarerecorded,AIisthenabletodeterminetheirmeanings.”可知声音记录下来后，借助人工智能分析意义，a项排第四。故选A。16．推理判断题。根据“That’stosay,inthenearfuture,scientistsmightbeabletogetcoraltogrowincertainareasbyplaying“healthyreef”sounds,whichcouldhelptohealsomeofthedamagewehavecaused.”可知在数字技术的帮助下，人们可以更容易地保护环境。故选C。17．最佳标题题。根据“ButnowDigitalTechnologyisofferingusanopportunitytolistentothesoundsinthenatureinpowerfulways,makingusgetclosertotheworldsofanimalsandplants.”（但现在，数字技术为我们提供了一个机会，让我们以强有力的方式倾听大自然的声音，让我们更接近动物和植物的世界。）及“Withthistechnology,humanscannotonlyunderstandtheanimals,butalsocommunicatebacktothem.”（有了这项技术，人类不仅可以理解动物，还可以与它们进行交流。）可知选项D“数字技术：帮助人们与自然对话的技能”符合本文主题，故选D。（2023·广东珠海·珠海市文园中学校考一模）Formiddleandprimaryschoolstudents,beingabletocookhasbecomeamust.Theywillalsoneedtolearnhowtoplantvegetables,raisepoultry(家禽)andmaintainhomeappliances(维修电器)undernewrequirementsforlabor(劳动)education.TheMinistryofEducation(MOB)broughtoutanewstandardforlaboreducationinschoolslastyear.Startingfrom2022fallsemester,studentsinprimaryandmiddleschoolshavetotakecoursesonlaborskillsatleastonceaweek.Thenewstandardsincludethreetypesoflabortasks.Thefirstisbasiclifeskillslikeeverydayhouseholdchores,includingcleaning,cooking,usingandmaintaininghomeappliances.Nextisindustryandagriculture(农业)laborpractice,includingnewtechnologieslike3Dprinting,andtraditionalcrafts(工艺)learning.Thethirdtypeisserviceworksuchascommunityvolunteerservices.SchoolsinChinahavetraditionallyplacedmorefocusonstudying,andmanyhaveregardedhouseholdchoresasawasteofchildren’stime.ButaccordingtotheMOE,laboreducationmustbebuiltuptohelpstudentsenrichtheirlifeexperience,cultivate(培养)apositiveviewoflabor,valuehardwork,anddevelopaninterestinlabor.Onlinepeoplehavebeenbusydiscussingthenewstandardsonsocialmedia.LiTing,amotherof6-year-oldtwinsinShanghaistronglysupportslaboreducation.Forthepastyear,shetrainedherdaughterstodochoresandmakesimpledishesforthefamily.“Themainideaistoletkidsshareresponsibilityandbecomeindependentasearlyastheycan,”saidWangPeng,afatherfromGuangdang.“Children’shand-eyecoordination(协调)timemanagementandorganizationskillscanbetrainedbydoinghousework,”saidSunYunxiao,aparentingexpert.Theyallagreethatchildrenwillfindfunindoingchoresthroughsucheducation.18．Whatcananinth-gradestudentlearnthroughlaboreducation?a.Howtoplantvegetables.b.Howtoraisechickenorducks.c.Howtobemorecarefulinclass.d.Howtorepaircomputersorfridges.A．abc B．abd C．bcd D．acd19．Themeaningoftheunderlinedword“enrich”inParagraph4is________.A．improve B．teach C．achieve D．value20．WhatdoesSunYunxiaothinkoflaboreducation?A．Itletsstudentsshareresponsibilityandbecomeindependent.B．Ithelpsstudentsenrichlifeexperience.C．Ittakesuptoomuchofstudents’freetime.D．Ithelpsstudentsmanagetheirtimebetter.21．Whatisthemainideaofthispassage?A．Newcoursesofhouseholdchoresforprimaryschoolstudents.B．Laboreducationforprimaryandmiddleschoolstudents.C．People’sopinionsonlaboreducation.D．Newtechnologicalskillsusedinprimaryandmiddleschools.22．Ifweputthepassageintothreeparts,whichofthefollowingisbest?(①=Para.1)A．①②;③④;⑤⑥⑦⑧⑨ B．①;②③④⑤⑥⑦⑧;⑨C．①;②③④;⑤⑥⑦⑧⑨ D．①②③④;⑤⑥⑦⑧;⑨【答案】18．B

19．A

20．D

21．B

22．C【导语】本文主要介绍了教育局的新规定——中小学生必须每周至少上一次劳动技能课程，介绍了课程的内容，以及家长们对此规定的看法。18．细节理解题。根据“Theywillalsoneedtolearnhowtoplantvegetables,raisepoultry(家禽)andmaintainhomeappliances(维修电器)undernewrequirementsforlabor(劳动)education”可知，学习如何种植蔬菜，饲养家禽和维修电器，故选B。19．词义猜测题。根据“laboreducationmustbebuiltuptohelpstudentsenrichtheirlifeexperience”可知，劳动教育帮助学生丰富他们的生活经验，所以划线单词与improve词义接近，故选A。20．细节理解题。根据“Children’shand-eyecoordination(协调)timemanagementandorganizationskillscanbetrainedbydoinghousework”可知，可以帮助学生们更好地时间管理，故选D。21．主旨大意题。本文主要介绍了教育局的新规定——中小学生必须每周至少上一次劳动技能课程，故选B。22．篇章结构题。通读全文可知，第一段引出“新规定”；第二段，第三段和第四段介绍新规定包括哪些内容以及它的好处；第五段到最后一段是人们在网上发表的对此的看法。故选C。（2023·河北衡水·校考二模）Hello,everyone.Here’sNBTV-1.I’mWangYi.TheChinesegovernmentprovidesfreeCOVID-19vaccines(疫苗)forallChinesepeople.It’sreallyofgreathelpbutsomemaystillhavesomequestionsabouttheCOVID-19vaccines.Icollectedsomemainquestions—“Howdoesthevaccinework?”,“Areyouallowedtogetit?Andhow?”and“Whatdoyouneedtodobeforegettingit?”Nowlet’saskthedoctor,Mr.Zhangaboutit.WangYi:Howdoesthevaccinework?Mr.Zhang:ThevaccinesChinaisnowusingarecalled“inactivated(灭活)vaccines”.Thereare“dead”virusesinthesevaccines.Theycannotcausethedisease,butcanshowyourbodywhattheviruslookslikeandmakeyouimmune(免疫)toit.StudiesshowthatChina’svaccinesare79.34percenteffective.Thismeansthatforevery100peoplewhogetvaccinated,about79peoplewillbecomeimmunetothevirus.If79percentofthewholepopulationbecomesimmune,thepossibilityofCOVID-19spreadingwillbeverylow.WangYi:Howisthevaccinegiven?Mr.Zhang:Thevaccineisgivenbyinjection(注射).It’ssuggestedtogettwoperiods.Youshouldwaitabouttwoweeksafterthefirstinjectiontogetthesecondone.WangYi:Canpeopleofallagesgetvaccinated?Mr.Zhang:Thevaccineshavebeentestedamongthreedifferentagegroups:3to17,18to59,and60andabove.The18-to-59agegrouphasthemostdata(数据)—thevaccineshaveshownthatit’ssafetothisgroup.Theothertwogroupsareexpectedtobeincludedsoon.WangYi:Thanksalot.Ihavethelastquestion…23．Who’sWangYi?A．Adoctor. B．Aleader. C．Apatient. D．Areporter.24．WhatdoesWangYithinkofthevaccine?A．Valuable. B．Useless. C．Expensive. D．Dangerous.25．Whichofthefollowingisrightaccordingtothetext?A．ThevaccinestheChineseareusingnowarecalled“activatedvaccines”.B．Accordingtothevaccinetest,the3to17agegrouphastheleastdata.C．If79peoplebecomeimmune,COVID-19mightbestoppedspreading.D．Beforegettingthesecondinjection,youshouldwaitforabout14days.26．Whatmaythelastquestionbe?A．Whyshouldpeoplegetthevaccine?B．Howlongcanpeoplekeepthevaccine?C．Canpeopledrinkbeforetheygetthevaccine?D．CanthevaccinemakepeopleavoidCOVID-19?【答案】23．D

24．A

25．D

26．C【导语】本文主要是记者和医生的谈话，谈论了新冠疫苗相关的一些话题。23．推理判断题。根据文章开头的“Here’sNBTV-1.I’mWangYi.

”可知这是NBTV-1。我是王毅。结合后文的谈话可知他是一名记者。故选D。24．推理判断题。根据第一段的“TheChinesegovernmentprovidesfreeCOVID-19vaccines(疫苗)forallChinesepeople.It’sreallyofgreathelpbutsomemaystillhavesomequestionsabouttheCOVID-19vaccines.”可知中国政府为所有中国人提供免费的COVID-19疫苗。这确实有很大帮助，但有些人可能仍然对COVID-19疫苗有一些疑问。由此可知他认为疫苗是有用的，有价值的。故选A。25．细节理解题。根据文章“Youshouldwaitabouttwoweeksafterthefirstinjectiontogetthesecondone.”可知您应该在第一次注射后等待大约两周才能进行第二次注射。因此选项D正确。故选D。26．推理判断题。根据第一段的“Icollectedsomemainquestions—“Howdoesthevaccinework?”,“Areyouallowedtogetit?Andhow?”and“Whatdoyouneedtodobeforegettingit?”可知收集了一些主要问题：“疫苗是如何工作的”，“你可以接种它吗？“怎样接种”，以及“在接种它之前你需要做什么”，因此最后一个问题应该是与接种前的事情相关，选项C“人们可以在接种疫苗前喝酒吗”符合。故选C。（2023·河北沧州·校考一模）WhydidChinesepeoplehavemorethanonenameinancienttimes?InancientChina,people’snameshadthreeparts,theirfamilyname,givennameandcourtesyname.TakefamouspoetLiBaiforexample.Hisfamilyname,whichcamefromhisfather’sname,wasLi.HisgivennamewasBai,andhiscourtesynamewasTaibai.Peopleusedtheirgivennameswhentheywereamongfamilymembers.Butinsociallife,theycalledeachotherbytheircourtesynamestoshowrespect.Thiswasmostlydoneamongpeopleofsimilarage.Ifyouweretalkingaboutyourself,orifyoureldersweretalkingaboutyou,thegivennamewouldbeusedinsteadofthecourtesyname.Menwouldgettheircourtesynameswhentheyturned20.Itwasasymbolofadulthood(成年礼).Womenwouldgettheircourtesynamesaftergettingmarried.One’scourtesynameoftenhadsomethingtodowithone’sgivenname.Forexample,thenameofMenciuswasMengKe.HiscourtesynamewasZiyu.BothKeandZiyumean“carriage(马车)”.ZhugeLiang’sgivennamewasLiang,whichmeans“bright”.HiscourtesynamewasKongming,whichmeans“verybright”.27．Howmanypartsarethereinpeople’snamesinancientChina?A．3. B．4. C．5. D．6.28．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“courtesy”inParagraph2meaninChinese?A．名 B．姓氏 C．字 D．昵称29．Whydidpeoplecalleachotherbytheircourtesynamesinsociallife?A．Toshowtheirlove. B．Toshowtheirgoodrelationship.C．Toshowtheirkindness. D．Toshowtheirrespect.30．Whatwouldbeusedifyoureldersweretalkingaboutyouaccordingtothepassage?A．Familyname. B．Nickname. C．Givenname. D．Courtesyname.【答案】27．A

28．C

29．D

30．C【导语】本文介绍了中国古代的人的名字的三部分：姓、名、字。文中介绍了人们如何使用姓名中的字。27．细节理解题。根据“InancientChina,people’snameshadthreeparts,theirfamilyname,givennameandcourtesyname.”可知，在中国古代人的名字有三部分，故选A。28．词义猜测题。根据“TakefamouspoetLiBaiforexample.Hisfamilyname,whichcamefromhisfather’sname,wasLi.HisgivennamewasBai,andhiscourtesynamewasTaibai.”可知，familyname表示姓；givenname表示名，courtesyname表示字，故选C。29．细节理解题。根据“Butinsociallife,theycalledeachotherbytheircourtesynamestoshowrespect.”可知，在社会生活中，人们互相称对方的字是为了表示尊敬，故选D。30．细节理解题。根据“Ifyouweretalkingaboutyourself,orifyoureldersweretalkingaboutyou,thegivennamewouldbeusedinsteadofthecourtesyname.”可知，如果你的长辈谈论你会用名字，故选C。（2023·广东茂名·统考一模）Kenya(肯尼亚),acountryinEastAfrica,isalandofnaturalbeauty.KenyaliesalongtheequatoronAfrica’seastcoast.TheIndianOceanistotheeastofKenya.HighlandsriseinthewesternpartofKenya.MountKenya,at5,199meters,isKenya’shighestmountain.Eastofthehighlands,thelandgoesdowntowardthecoast.Kenya’smostimportantriver,theTana,startsfromthehighlandstotheIndianOcean.Mostofthecountry’sotherriversareshortandshallow.Theysometimesdryupwhenthereislittlerainfall.Kenyahastwowetseasonsandtwodryseasons.RainfallisusuallyheavyfromApriltoMayandfromNovembertoDecember,whilesomeareasaremorecloudywithoutmuchrainbetweenJulyandAugustandfromJanuarytoMarch.Temperaturesaregenerallywarmerinthenorthandcoolerinthehighlands.Kenyaishometomanynationalparks.Greenforestsandbamboogrowinthehighlands.Thecountry’sanimalsincludeelephants,lions,giraffes,zebrasandmanyrare(稀有的)animals.TheKenyangovernmenthassetupmorethan50natureparks.Insidetheparks,thewildlifeisprotectedfromhunting.Thismakesthemexcellentplacestotakeajourney.31．FromParagraph2wecanknowthat________.A．thewesternpartofKenyaislevellandB．MountKenyaisKenya’shighestmountainC．KenyaliesalongtheequatoronAfrica’swestcoastD．thelandgoesdowntowardthecoastinthewestofthehighlands32．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“shallow”inParagraph3mean?A．notsafe B．notdeep. C．notwide. D．notdirty.33．WhatisKenyafamousforaccordingtoPara