2022高考英语人教版一轮总复习学案：必修1 Unit 4　Earthquakes

语基夯实・课前闯关

【高考重点词汇分类拓展记牢1

（一）高频重点词汇/分类记忆，用时少，功效高

I.阅读词汇・读懂

默想下面单词的词性及含义，不会的在□中做出标记并核对识记。

Jl.earthquakeQ2.crackI|3.smelly

3]4.farmyard□5.pipe_|6.event

||7.dam□8.canal二|9.steam

^lO.survivorQ11.brickQl2.track

Q13.shelterQ14.outline015.headline

□16.useless

［自主核对区］

\.n.地震2.〃.裂缝；僻啪声”.&式.（使）开裂；破裂3.时.发臭的；有

臭味的4.».农场；农家5.〃.管；导管6.〃.事件；大事7.〃.水坝；堰堤8./1.

运河；水道9.〃.蒸汽；水汽10.〃.幸存者；生还者；残存物11.〃为专；砖块12.几

轨道；足迹；痕迹13.〃.掩蔽；掩蔽处；避身处14.儿要点；大纲；轮廓15./1.

报刊的大字标题16〃力无用的；无效的；无益的

H.核心词汇•练通

1.burstvi.爆裂;爆发

n.突然破裂；爆发

2.millionn.百万

3.rescuen.&vt.援救；营救

4.buryvt.埋葬；掩埋;隐藏

5.destroyvt.破坏；毁坏;消灭

6.damagen.&vt.损失；损害

7.ruinn.废墟;毁灭

vt.毁灭；使破产

8.trapvt.使陷入困境

n.陷阱；困境

9.electricityn.电；电流；电学

10.disastern.灾难；灾祸

11.reportern.记者

12.titlen.标题；头衔；资格

［语境活用］——根据汉语意思填写单词

1.Thewaterpipeburst（爆裂）,floodingthewholekitchen.

2.（202。新高考山东卷）Mill沁nsofliveshavebeendestroyed（破坏:毁坏）by

theslowdryingupofthesea.

3.（2020•江苏卷）Wewereraisedonbooksandcomputers,highwaysandcell

phones,butnowwewerelivinginavillagewithoutrunningwaterorelectricity（电）.

4.Theearthquakediddamaged员害）totheareawheremanyhousesfelldown

andmanypeopleweretrapped（使陷入困境）inruins.

5.Youshouldneverjudgeabookbyitscover,butshouldyoujudgeastorybyits

title（标题）?

6.Withsomanyminersburied（掩埋）underthemine,noneoftherescueworkers

wouldstoptohavearest.

川.拓展词汇•用活

1.nationn.民族；国家；国民fnational民族的；国家的；国民的

nationalityn.国籍

2.shockci.（使）震惊;震动n.休克；打击；震惊fshocking〃力.令人

震惊的fshocked〃矽•.感到震惊的

3.injure”.损害;伤害finjuryn,损害；伤害一injured受伤的

4.express".表示;表达n.快车；速递fexpression"・表达；表情

5.frighten”使惊吓；吓唬,frightened。力.受惊的;受恐吓的ffrighteningadi.

令人恐惧的

6.congratulate”.祝贺一congratulationn,祝贺；（复数）贺词

7.sincerelyado.真诚地;真挚地fsincere。中真诚的;真挚的

8.extreme4力.极度的—extremely。加.极度地

9.judgen.裁判员；法官”.断定；判断；判决fjudgement".看法，意见；

判断力；审判，判决

10.dirtn.污垢；泥土fdirty。力’.脏的,肮脏的

［语境活用］——用所给词的适当形式填空

1.(2020-新高考山东卷)Thetestsshowthatthesocialenvironmentis

extremely(extreme)influentialwhenwe,remakingdecisions.

2.(2020•天津卷7月)Aftereveryoneconcernedwasseated,therewasa

ceremonyofraisingthenational(nation)flag,whichmadeusexcited.

3.Judgingfromhisexpressiononhisface,hewasverygratefultome.Afew

dayslater,hewrotetoexpresshisthankstomytimelyhelp.(express)

4.Rescuerssaidtheinjuredweretakentoahospitalnearby,andfortunatelythe

injurieswerenotserious,notlifethreatening.(injure)

5.Afterseeingthefrighteningfilm,thefrightenedboywastoofrightenedto

walkhomealoneinthedark.(frighten)

6.(2020,新高考山东卷)Judges(judge)willchooseupto50honorablemention

winners,whowilleachreceiveaT-shirtinmemoryofEarhart'sfinalflight.

（二）高频短语串记/记牢用活，不枯燥，兴趣高

单元短语•再现

1.rightaway立刻；马上

2.thinklittle/nothingof认为……没什么了不起

3.atan_end结束；终结

4.in_ruins严重受损；破败不堪

5.dig_out掘出；发现

6.a(great)numberof许多；大量的

7.beproudof为……自豪

8.judge_from从……判断

9.be_trapped_in陷入；被困在

10.beburiedin埋头于；被埋在

［语境活用］——选用左栏短语填空

1.Whenthestrangediseasefirstappeared,manypeoplethoughtlittleofitand

didn'texpectthatitwouldspreadsoquickly.

2.Nowthecityliesinruins,andtherearenocityservicesandhardlyany

people.

3.I'msorrythatIforgottobringyourmedicinedownstairs;Filgoupstairsand

getitrightaway.

4.Thesoldierswereworkinghardtodigoutthepeoplewho

weretrappedin/wereburiedinthefallenbuildings.

5.Therewerea(great)numberofchildrenplayingontheplaygroundwhenwe

arrived.

b会积累（日积月累，联想发散）

1.“A-AfA”式不规则动词变化

①burstfburst-burst爆裂；爆发

②costfcost->cost花费

③putfpuLput放下

④hurtfhurt-*hurt伤害

⑤shutfshut—shut关闭

⑥hit-hit-hit打

⑦CUtfcut—cut砍，切

⑧seLseLset放置

2.聚焦・ing/・ed结尾的形容词

fshocking令人震惊的

shocked感到震惊的

frightening令人恐惧的

frightened受惊的；受恐吓的

terrifying令人恐惧的

③'

terrified感到害怕的

disappointing令人失望的

④《

disappointed感到失望的

3.“埋头于；专心于”的多种表达

①beburiedin

②beoccupiedwith

③beabsorbedin

(4)beengagedin

⑤bedevotedto

(6)concentrate/focuson

©applyoneselfto

⑧putone'sheartinto

（三）重点句型仿写/背熟巧用，造佳句，表达高

背佳句明句型巧仿写

Inthefarmyards,the

…”意为1.(2018•北京卷满分作文)正如谚语

chickensandeventhepigs

“太……而不所说，“活到老，学到老。”

weretoonervoustoeat.

能……”，表示Astheoldsayinggoes,"It'snever

在农家大院里，鸡甚至连

否定意义toolatetolearn.”

猪都紧张得不想吃食。

“Itseemed/seems

2.这套衣服看起来似乎是给他量身

Itseemedasiftheworld(tosb.)that/as

定做的。

wasatanend!if...”意为“(对

Itseemedas_ifthesuitwasmadeto

仿佛到了世界末日！某人来说)似乎/

hisownmeasure.

好像……”

Thousandsoffamilies

3.到目前为止，地震造成约1000

werekilledandmany“leave+宾语

人死亡，数千人受伤。

childrenwereleftwithout+宾补”意为

Sofar,theearthquakehaskilled

parents.“使……处于某

about1,000peopleand

成千上万个家庭遇难，许状态”

hasleftthousandsinjured.

多孩子变成了孤儿。

4.并非所有的作者都赞同这种观

Allhopewasnotlost.all...not=not

点。

不是所有的希望都破灭all...表示部分否

Allauthorshavenotacceptedthis

了。定

view.

创意课堂•多维突破

［以高考为导向强化学习能力I

"词汇精研

burstvi.(burst,burst)爆裂；爆发n.突然破裂；爆发

［先练会］——单句语法填空/补全句子

①IwasteachingforeignerstolearnBeijingOperawhenagroupofpupils

burstin.

②Heburstintotheroomwithoutknockingatthedoor,whichmademevery

angry.

③ReadingTheEmperor'sNewClothes,Iletoutaburstoflaughter(一阵大笑

声)overhisfoolishness.

［再写美］——补全句子/词汇替换/句式升级

看到她的同学因为她愚蠢的错误哄堂大笑，她突然哭了起来。

④(普通表达)Whenshesawherclassmatesburstinto」aughterbecauseofher

foolishmistakes,sheburstintotears.

⑤(高级表达)Seeingherclassmatesburstoutlaughingbecauseofherfoolish

mistakes,sheburstoutcrying,(burstout,分词作状语)

囱囹困房

burstoutcrying/laughing］

(1),、；突然哭起来/笑起来

buurstintotears/laughterJ

(2)burstin/into闯入，突然破门而入

(3)burstwithanger勃然大怒

(4)aburstof一阵

［佳句背诵］Whentheprofessorenteredthelecturehall,therewasaburstof

applause.

当教授走进演讲大厅时，突然爆发出一阵掌声。

［名师点津］

(l)burstin中的in是副词，后面不接宾语；

(2)burstinto中的into是介词,后面应接宾语。

10ruin〃.［U］毁灭；毁坏；［常用复数］废墟N.(使)毁坏；成为废墟

［先练会］——单句语法填空

①Anumberofhighbuildingshavearisenwheretherewasnothingthreeyears

agobutruins(ruin).

②(北京卷)WhentheyreturnedtoRockawaythenextday,theyfoundtheir

neighborhoodinruins(ruin).

［再写美］——一句多译

他犯了一个错误，这让他失去了出国的机会。

③Hemadeamistake,whichruinndthechanceofgoingabroad4定语从句)

(4)Hemadeamistake,ruiningthechanceofgoingabroad.(分词作状语)

(l)lie/beinruins成为废墟

bereducedtoruins沦为废墟

(2)ruinoneself毁掉自己；自取灭亡

ruinone'shealth/fame损害某人的健康/声誉

［佳句背诵］Nomatterhowfamousabrandis,itcanbeinruinsonceitbetrays

thetrustofconsumers.

无论一个品牌多有名气，一旦辜负了消费者的信任它就有可能会毁了。

包Iinjure以损害；伤害

［先练会］——单句语法填空

①Theinjured(injure)intheearthquake-strickenareawerequicklyflownoutfor

medicaltreatment.

②Thelibraryisfunctioningasatemporaryhospitaltocopewithpeople

injured(injure)intheearthquake.

③Thetwoofficerswereextremelyluckytoescapeseriousinjury(injure).

［再写美］——微写作

④我的左脚受了重伤，不能按计划和你一起去了。

Withmyleftfootseriouslyinjured,Ican'tgowithyouasplanned.

囱窗的国

(1)injuredadj.受伤的

getinjured受伤

theinjured伤员

(2)injuryn.伤；伤口；伤害

dosb.aninjury/doaninjurytosb.伤害某人

［佳句背诵］Iwaswearingaseatbeltatthattime.IfIhadn'tbeenwearingone,I

wouldhavebeeninjured.我当时系着安全带。如果我没有系安全带，我就会受

伤了。

邕1bury%埋葬；掩埋；隐藏；使沉浸，使专心；插入，刺入

［先练会］——单句语法填空

①(天津卷)Thoughburied(bury)inbooksthesedays,Ihavestilljoinedseveral

studentclubsinordertoimprovemyself.

②Hesankintoachair,burying(bury)hisfaceinhishands.

［再写美］一补全句子/句式升级

他埋头看书，不知道外面在下雨。

③(普通表达)Becauseheburiedhimselfin/wasburiedinhisbooks,hedidn't

knowitwasrainingoutside.

④(高级表达)Buryinghimselfinhisbooks,hewasnotawareitwasraining

outside.(现在分词短语作状语)

⑤(高级表达)Buriedinhisbooks,hewasnotawareitwasrainingoutside.(ii

去分词短语作状语)

画质屈宿

beburiedin

(i)L埋头于；专心于

lburyoneselfin

(2)buryone'sfaceinone'shands双手掩面

［佳句背诵］(l)Shesatontheground,buriedinthought.她坐在地上，陷入沉

思。

(2)Hearingthenewsthathisonlysonwaskilledinthewar,theoldmanburied

hisfaceinhishands,tryingtocontrolhisfeelings.

听到自己唯一的儿子在战争中牺牲的消息后，这位老人双手掩面，试图控制

自己的情绪。

得judge以断定；判断；判决n.裁判员；法官

［先练会］——单句语法填空

①(2018•江苏卷)Theeconomicimpactoftheartsisoftenoverlookedandbadly

judged(judge).

@Judging(judge)fromtheabovestory,wecandrawtheconclusionthatwedon't

judgeamanby/fromhislooks.

(3)Ican'tmakethatdecisionforyou;youwillhavetouseyour

judgement(judge).

［再写美］——微写作

④我写信邀请你担任6月15日在我们学校举办的英语演讲比赛的裁判。

I'mwritingtoinviteyoutobeajudgeatourEnglishSpeechContesttobe

heldinourschoolonJune15.

(l)judge...from/by...从...来判断....

asfarasIcanjudge据我判断，我认为

(2)judgingby/from...从...来看

(3)judgementn.看法；判断力；判决

［佳句背诵］AsfarasIcanjudge,hewillrefusetomakeajudgementaboutthe

presentsituation.

据我判断，他会拒绝评价目前的形势。

［名师点津］judgingfrom/by意为“从...来看”,用在句首时为一个独立成

分，不受句子主语和时态的影响。

口」atanend结束；终结

［先练会］——单句语法填空/补全句子

①Thecourthaspassedsentence,andthemattercomestoanendnow.

②Atfirstherefusedtoacceptanyresponsibilitybutheendedup

apologizing(apologize).

③(2020・天津卷7月满分作文)Attheendoftheceremony(在仪式结束时)，a

videoaboutfightingagainstCOVID-19wasreleasedforustowatch,whichmoved

usdeeply.

［再写美］——词汇升级

④(普通表达)Thespeechcontestfinished.Thankfully,Iendedupwinningthe

firstprizeandmyhardworkpaidofffinally.

(高级表达)Thespeechcontestwasatanend.Thankfully,Iendedupwinning

thefirstprizeandmyhardworkpaidoffintheend.

囱回］的国I

(l)attheendof...在....尽头，在....末端

bytheendof...到....时候为止(常与完成时态连用)

intheend最后；终于

(2)cometoanend名吉束

putanendto...结束；终结

make(both)endsmeet使收支相抵

(3)endupwith以....结束

endupdoingsth.以做某事结束

H圭句背诵］Whenthejourneywasatanend,everybodyfelttiredandhungry.

当旅程结束时，大家觉得又累又饿。

Ma(great)numberof许多；大量的

［先练会］——选词填空/单句语法填空

①(2020•天津卷7月)Thenumberof(thenumberof/anumberof)medical

schoolsreached18intheearly1990sandhasremainedaroundthatleveleversince.

②AsChinadevelopsfastandsteadily,anumberofforeignersarelearning(leam)

Chineseasasecondlanguage.

③Agreatdealofmoneywasdonated(donate)toauniversitybyanordinary

worker,whicharousedpublicattention.

④Withmoreandmoreforestscutdown,largequantitiesofsoilare(be)being

washedaway.

［再写美］——微写作

⑤来自全国各地的大批士兵、医生和护士被派往湖北的不同地区帮助解决困

难。

Agreatnumberofsoldiers,doctorsandnursesfromalloverthecountry

weresenttodifferentpartsofHubeiProvincetohelpout.

囱囹的国

(1)agreat/large/

smallnumberof

}+可数名词复数

agreat/goodmany

quiteafew

(2)agreatdealof

+不可数名词

agreat/largeamountof

(3)alotof/lotsof

agreat/largequantityof」

/..可数名词复数

great/largequantitiesof<+

或不可数名词

massesof

plentyof，

［佳句背诵］Inaddition,thereareagreatnumberoffamousartistswhose

masterpieceswillbeonexhibition.

此外，许多著名艺术家的杰作将被展览。

（全国卷H）

2句型精析

H意为“太……而不能……”，表示否定意义

（教材P26）Inthefarmyardsthechickensandeventhepigsweretoonervousto

eat.

在农家大院里，鸡甚至连猪都紧张得不想吃食。

［先练会］——单句语法填空

①(2019•浙江卷6月)Weallknowthatexerciseisgoodforus

butsometimesitseemstoohardtoleave(leave)thesofa.

②Hewastooeagertoknowtheresultofhisexamination.

(3)Youcan*tbetoocarefulwhenyoudoyourhomework.

［再写美］——微写作

④(2019•浙江卷6月满分作文)没有你的及时帮助，我不可能取得这样的进

步。我无法用语言来表达我对你的感激之情。

WithoutyourtimelyhelpIcouldn*thavemadesuchprogress.Nowordsare

stiongenoughtoconveyhowgrateful］amtoyou.

回国团E3

(l)too4-6/4/./«Ju.(forsb.)+todosth.表示否定的意义，意为“太...而不能

做某事”；

⑵当too...to…用来修饰表达人的态度、情绪倾向的形容词如anxious、eager>

glad^happy>pleased>readywilling等时，不定式表示肯定意义；

(3)“can't/cannever…too...”意为“再怎么...也不过分”；

(4)enough...to…意为"足够...而能....,其否定形式可与too...to…互换。

「佳句背诵］Davidwastoonervoustogivethecoirectanswertothequestionin

classmakinghimveryupset.大卫在课堂上太紧张而不能给出这个问题的正确

答案，这使他非常伤心。

国“Itseemed/seems(tosb.)that/asif・・.”意为“(对某人来说)似乎/好

像……”

(教材P26)Itseemedasiftheworldwasatanend!

仿佛到了世界末日！

［先练会］——单句语法填空

①Thekidswereveryfriendlywithherandevenlookeduptoherasifshe

were(be)theirownmother.

②Whenhesawhismotheratthestreetcorner

theboycriedsadlyasifhehadbeenscolded(scold)bysomeoneelse.

③Heopenedhismouthasiftosay(say)something.

④Thetennisplayerislyingonthefloorasifhurt(hurt)badly.

［再写美］——微写作

⑤我依然记得第一次去泰山旅游的事情，就像是在昨天一样。

IstillremembermyfirsttriptotheMountTaiasifitwereyesterday.

位I图国物

(1)如果从句所陈述的情况是真实的或极有可能发生的，从句谓语用陈述语

气；

(2)如果从句所陈述的情况是不真实的或极少可能发生的，从句谓语用虚拟

语气。①与现在事实相反，从句谓语用一般过去时：did/were;②与过去事实相

反，从句谓语用过去完成时：haddone；③与将来事实相反，从句谓语用：

would/could...+do：

(3)如果asif/though引导■的从句中的主语和主句的主语相同，且含有be动词,

可省略从句的主语和be动词。

［佳句背诵］Lookatthedarkcloudsinthesky!Itseemsasifitisgoingto

rain.Let'shurryup.

看看天上的乌云！看起来要下雨了，咱们快一点儿。

1;..］all...not=notall...表示部分否定

(教材P26)A11hopewasnotlost.

不是所有的希望都破灭了。

［先练会］——单句语法填空/补全句子

①Nothingintheworldisdifficultifonesetshismindtoit.

②Hetoldmeallpiecesofthenewsbutnoneofthemwasexciting(没有一个

是有趣的).

③It'simpossibleforalltheapplicantstogetthejobbecause

notallofthemarefitforit(并非所有的人都适合这项工作).

［再写美］——一句多译

最近的一项调查显示，并非我们学校的所有学生都在业余时间进行体育锻

炼。

④Arecentsurveyshowsthat

notal」hestudentsinourschooljtakephysicalexerciseintheirsparetime.

⑤Arecentsurveyshowsthat

allthestudentsinourschooldon'ttakephysicalexerciseintheirsparetime.

国国©国

all...not...=notall...,意为“并非所有的...都....”，表示部分否定。

⑴英语中的all、both>every>everybody>everything>completely>always>

whole>entirely等与否定词not连用，无论not位置如何，均构成部分否定，表

示“并非...都....”的意思；

（2）英语中的no、none、never>nobody>nothing>neithersnoone>nowhere

等表否定意义的词（组）与肯定式谓语一起使用构成全部否定。

［佳句背诵］OurEnglishteacherisexcellentbutshecan*thelpeveryoneinthe

classin45minutes.

我们的英语老师非常棒，但是她不可能在45分钟内帮助班里的每一位同学。

高效演练♦素养提能

［精题细做提能锤炼素养技能1

提能训练一阅读理解障碍词

I.语境辨义——根据语境写出加黑词的词性及含义

1.（2019•全国卷I）Modernmethodsoftrackingpolarbearpopulationshave

beenemployedonlysincethemid-1980s,andareexpensivetoperformconsistently

overalargearea.0.F艮踪

2.（2019•江苏卷）Thesearevolcanoessoexplosivethattheyburstopenina

singlebigcrack,leavingbehindavasthole,thecaldera.裂缝

3.（北京卷）Shecouldn'tunderstandwhysomepeoplehadtolivetheirlives

withoutshelterorenoughfood.几.避身处

II.熟词生义——根据语境写出加黑词的词性及含义

1.（全国卷II）Wewererespectfulofcraft（技艺）andfocusedondiggingintothe

charactersweweregoingtoplay.深入研究

2.（全国卷I）Havingenoughfatandsaltinyourmealswillreducetheurgeto

snack（「吃点心、）betweenmealsandwillimprovethetasteofyourfood.However,be

carefulnottogotoextremes.〃.极端

此一词多义——根据语境选出shock的词性及含义

A.〃.令人震惊的事B.〃.休克

C.”.使触电D.".使震惊

1.Anyonetouchingthatwirecouldgetbadlyshocked.C

2.Itshockedmetoseehowmyneighbourstreatedtheirchildren.D

3.Severalofthosewhosurvivedtheaccidenthavebeentakentohospitalina

stateofshock.B

4.ItwassuchashockwhentheyannouncedthewinnerwasCart.A

提能训练二微语法填空

短文中黑体部分为本单元核心词汇和重点句式，请按照要求填好短文，并

背诵体会黑体部分的用法。

Onenight,abigearthquakehitourcity.Withthepipes1.bursting(burst)and

theelectricitycutoff,nearlyeverythingwasdestroyedandagreatnumberof

buildingslay2.inruins.Somecitizenswerebadlyinjured,whileothers

3.wereburied(bury)intheruins.Itseemedasifthewholeworldwasat4.anend.

Thenextday,thiseventwastheheadlineofallnewspapers.Thewholenation

5.wasshocked(shock)bythedamage.Peopleweremovedwhentheyreadthatthe

6.survivors(survive)comfortedeachotherbysaying

“7.Coonratulations(coonratiilate)onyoursurviving!”Sotheynotonly

expressedtheirsympathy8.sincerely(sincere),butalsoorganizedsomeactivities

9.tohelp(help)thevictims.Unluckily,notalltheinjured10.were,rescued(resc