2023年考研外语预测试卷9

考研外语预测试卷9

一、UseofEnglish

1、Energywillbeoneofthedefiningissuesofthiscentury.

Onethingisclear:theeraofeasyoilisover.Whatweall

donextwill(1)howwellwemeettheenergyneedsofthe

entireworldinthiscenturyand(2).

Demandis(3)likeneverbefore.Aspopulationsgrowand

economiestake(4)millionsinthedevelopingworldare

enjoyingthe(5)ofalifestyle,thatrequiresincreasing

amountsofenergy.(6),somesaythatin20yearstheworld

will(7)40%moreoilandgasfieldsarematuring.Andnew

energy(8)aremainlyoccurringinplaceswhereresources

aredifficultto(9),physically,economicallyandeven

politically.Whengrowingdemandmeetstightersupplies,the

resultismore(10)forthesameresources.

Wecanwait(11)acrisisforcesustodosomething.Or

wecan(12)toworkingtogether,andstartbyaskingthe

toughquestions:Howdowemeettheenergyneedsofthe

developingworldandthoseof(13)nations?Whatrolewill

renewablesand(14)energiesplay?Whatisthebestway

toprotectourenvironment?Howdoweaccelerateour

conservationefforts?(15)actionswetake,wemustlook

notjusttonextyear,(16)tothenext50years.

Webelievethatinnovation,collaborationandconservationare

thecornerstones(17)whichtobuildthisnewworld.We

cannotdothis(18).Corporations,governmentsandevery

citizenofthisplanetmustbepartofthesolution(19)

surelyastheyarepartoftheproblem.Wecalluponscientists

andeducators,politiciansandpolicy-makers,

environmentalists,leadersofindustryandeachoneofyouto

bepartof(20)thenexteraofenergy.

A.decline

B.determine

C.declaim

D.decide

2、(2)

A.beyond

B.after

C.behind

D.besides

3、(3)

A.raising

B.breaking

C.towering

D.soaring

4、(4)

A.in

B.off

C.on

D.upon

5、(5)

A.profits

B.benefits

C.earnings

D.goods

6、(6)

A.Infact

B.Tosumup

C.Generally

D.Bytheway

7、⑺

A.cost

B.consume

C.commend

3

D.recommend

8、(8)

A.discoveries

B.recoveries

C.deposits

D.disclosure

9、(9)

A.distract

B.abstract

C.contract

D.extract

10、(10)

A.match

B.contest

C.conflict

D.competition

IK(H)

A.until

B.when

C.after

D.before

12、(12)

4

A.addict

B.entrust

C.commit

D.confide

13、(13)

A.industrial

B.industrialized

C.industrious

D.industries

14、(14)

A.selective

B.captive

C.optional

D.alternative

15、(15)

A.Whatever

B.Whosever

C.However

D.Whenever

16、(16)

A.insteadof

B.if

5

C.but

D.however

17、(17)

A.on

B.around

C.in

D.by

18、(18)

A.lonely

B.alone

C.lonesome

D.only

19、(19)

A.as

B.so

C.too

D.such

20、(20)

A.revealing

B.retracing

C.retorting

D.reshaping

目6

二、ReadingComprehension

1、PartA

Directions:Readthefollowingfourtexts.Answerthequestions

beloweachtextbychoosingA,B,CorD.(40points)

Worldoilproductionisabouttoreachapeakandgointoits

finaldecline.Foryears,ahandfulofpetroleumgeologists,

includingme,havebeenpredictingpeakoilbefore2022,but

inaneraofcheapoil,fewpeoplelistened.Lately,several

majoroilcompaniesseemtohavegotthemessage.Oneof

Chevron，sadssaystheworldiscurrentlyburning2bbl.ofoil

foreverybarrelofnewoildiscovered.ExxonMobilsays1987

wasthelastyearthatwefoundmoreoilworldwidethanweburned.

ShellreportsthatitwillexpanditsCanadianoil-sands

operationsbutelsewherewillfocusonfindingnaturalgasand

notoil.ItsoundsasthoughShelliskissingtheoilbusiness

goodbye.M.KingHubbert,ageophysicist,correctlypredicted

in1956thatoilproductionintheU.S.wouldpeakintheearly

1970s一themomentnowknownas“Hubbert'sPeak”,Ibelieve

worldoilproductionisabouttoreachasimilarpeak.

Findingoilislikefishinginapond.Afterseveralmonths,

younoticethatyouarenotcatchingasmanyfish.Youcould

buyanexpensiveflyrod-newtechnology.Oryoucoulddecide

thatyouhavealreadycaughtmostofthefishinthepond.

Althoughincreasedoilprices(whichoughttospurinvestment

inoilproduction)andnewtechnologyhelp,theycan'twork

magic.Recentdiscoveriesaremodestatbest.Theoilsandsin

CanadaandVenezuelaareextensive,huttheCanadianoperations

toconvertthedepositsintotransportableoilconsume,large

amountsofnaturalgas,whichisinshortsupply.

AndtechnologycannoteliminatethedifficultyHubbert

identified:therateofproducingoildependsonthefraction

ofoilthathasnotyetbeenproduced.Inotherwords,thefewer

thefishinthepond,theharderitistocatchone.Peak

productionoccursatthehalfwaypoint.Basedontheavailable

dataaboutnewoilfields,thereare2,013billionbbl.oftotal

producibleoil.Acidinguptheoilproducedfromthebirthof

theindustryuntiltoday,wewillreachthedreaded1,006.5

billionbbl.halfwaymarklatethisyear.Fortwoyears,I've

beenpredictingthatworldoi1productionwouldreachitspeak

onThanksgivingDay2022.Today,withhighoilpricespushing

virtuallyalloilproducerstopullupeverybarreltheycan

sweatoutoftheground,Ithinkitmighthappenevenearlier.

Whyaresomemajoroilcompaniesmentionedinthefirst

paragraph?

A.Toshowtheconcernofthesecompaniesaboutoilproblem.

B.Toprovewhattheauthorsaidistrue.

C.Toillustratetheimportanceofthesecompanies.

D.Toexplainthecauseoftheoilproblem.

2、

Thephrase“Hubbert'sPeakz，(Paragraph1)hererefersto

A.thetimewhentheoilproductionoftheworldwouldpeak.

B.thetimewhentheoilfoundintheworldwouldpeak.

C.thetimewhentheoilburningoftheU.S.wouldpeak.

D.thetimewhentheoi1productionoftheU.S.wouldpeak.

3、

Whatdoestheauthormeanbysayingthe“recentdiscoveries

aremodest”?

A.Peoplestopsearchingforoil.

B.Peopledecreasetheproductionofoil.

C.Peopleuselessoilthantheyusedto.

D.Theoilexploitationislimited.

4、

Theauthorusesthesimileoffishandpondtoexplainthat

A.newtechnologiescanhelpinfindingoil.

B.weshouldnotsearchforoilonlyinoneplace.

C.oilcanbereproducedlikefishinthepond.

D.thereisapeakpointinoilproduction.

5、

Fromthetextwecanconcludethattheauthor

A.issympathetictoShell.

B.worriesabouttheoilindustry.

C.takesaneutralattitudetowardsoilindustry.

D.isoptimisticabouttheoilproduction.

6、Thereisnothinglikethejoyoffindingoutthatsomething

sinfulisactuallygoodforyou,whetherit'ssex,chocolate

oraglassoffinezedwine一or,forthatmatter,beer,whisky

orasatisfyingaperitif.We'velongheardexcitinghintsthat

redwinehasuniquebenefitsfortheheart.Butthesamesunny

reputationforhearthealthisnowstartingtoshineonall

liquor."Nomatterwhereyoulook,thedominantalcoholic

beverageisbeneficial—whetherit'sredwineinFranceand

Italy,sakeinJapanorbeerinGermany,“saysDr.Walter

Willett,chairofnutritionattheHarvardSchoolofPublic

Health.

Thishasledresearcherstoaninescapableconclusion.As

healthfulascomponentsofredwinemaybe,theprimarybenefit

mustcomefromethanolitself.Inshort,it'sthealcohol,

stupid.Butdon'tgooverboard.Protectioncomesonlywith

lighttomoderateintake——twodrinksadayformenoramiserly

oneadayforwomen.

Themajorbenefitofalcoholseemstocomefromitsabilityto

boostlevelsofHDL,thegoodcholesterolthathelpskeep

arteriesclearofplaque.Ethanoldoesthatbysignalingthe

livertomakemoreofasubstancecalledApoAl,themajor

proteininHDL.Theeffectscanbestriking.''Dependingonthe

individual,youcangetincreasesof10to30percentinHDL

inaweek,“saysHarvardepidemiologistEricRimm.Alcoholalso

makesbloodlessstickyandlesslikelytoform,clotsthat

causeheartattacksandstrokes.Italsoappearstohavemild

anti-inflammatoryeffects.Anditenhancesinsulin

sensitivity一whichmayexplainwhymoderatealcohol

consumptioncorrelateswithalowerincidenceoftype2

diabetes.

ButalcoholisadietaryJekyl1andHyde.Heavyintakecanraise

bloodpressure,increaseirregularheartbeat,andleadtoheart

failure.Themostsoberingnewsconcernscancer.Arecent

analysisof156studiesfoundthatasalcoholintakeincreases,

sodorisksoftumorsinthemouth,andliver.Evenmoderate

drinkingcanboostbreast-cancerriskasmallamount.

Ismoderatedrinkingworththerisks?Forsomepeople一pregnant

women,peoplewithliverdiseaseorahistoryof

alcoholism一theanswerisno.Butformostofus,thebenefits

willprobablyoutweighthehazards.Whetheryousipwine,beer

orspirits,yourheartmaythankyou.

AccordingtoDr.WalterWillett,forgoodhealth,peoplecould

drink

A.onlyred-wine.

B.beer.

C.somewhisky.

D.anyalcohol.

7、

ItcanbeinferredfromPara3that

A.alcoholcanlowertherisk-ofplaqueinarteries.

B.somecomponentsofwineisbadforhealth.

C.chocolateisgoodforhealth.

D.alcoholcanbeusedasmedicine.

8、

Byusingtheword“correlates”(Paragraph3),theauthor

impliesthat

A.drinkingalcoholmightcausediabetes.

B.bothtypesofdiabetesarerelatedtoalcoholconsumption.

C.drinkingalcoholisgoodforpeoplewithdiabetes.

D.drinkingalcoholmightlowertheriskofdiabetes.

9、

By"alcoholisadietaryJekyllandHyde”,theauthormeans

A.drinkingalcoholcanbeofbothadvantageanddisadvantage.

B.alcoholisnecessaryfordailydiet.

C.JekyllandHydeisabrandofalcohol.

D.drinkingalcoholcanalsobeverydangerous.

10、

Whatcanwegetfromthelastparagraph?

A.Peoplecandrinkalcoholinamoderateway.

B.Alcoholisgoodforhearthealth.

C.Pregnantwomencanonlyintakeveryfewalcohol.

D.Alcoholisbeneficialtomostpeople.

11、Issittingintrafficasinevitableasdeathandtaxes?

Perhapsnot.Manycountriesnowhavededicated

traffic-monitoringcentres1inkedtonetworksofcamerasand

sensors.Throwintraffic-spottingaircraft,accidentreports

andtheknownpositionsofbusesfittedwith

satellite-positioninggear,anditispossibletoseeexactly

whatishappeningontheroads.Driverscouldswitchfrombusy

toquietroutesandavoidcongestion-ifonlytheyhadaccess

tothisinformation.

Andnowtheydo.SystemssuchastheTrafficMessageChannel

andtheVehicleInformationandCommunicationSystem(VICS),

inEuropeandJapanrespectively,pipedatafromtraffic

centresintoin-carnavigationsystemsviaFMradiosignals.

Driverscanseewherethetrafficisandtrytoavoidit.Honda,

aJapanesecarmaker,evencombinesVICSdatawithpositiondata

from150,000vehiclesbelongingtomembersofitsPremiumClub

sothattheycanchoosethefastestlaneonacongestedroad,

saysDavidSchrierofABIResearch,aconsultancy.

MeanwhileITIS,aBritishcompany,isoneofseveralfirms

experimentingwithmobile-phonesignalstomonitortrafficon

roadsthatlacksensorsorcameras.Itssoftwarehooksintoa

mobileoperator'snetworkandusesastatisticalapproachto

deducetrafficspeedsasphonesare"handedoff"fromonecell

towertoanother.Thedatamustbecleaneduptoexclude

pedestriansandcyclists,butthisideahasgreatpotential,

saysMr.Schrier.

Anotherwaytododgetrafficistopredictwhereandwhenit

willform.InRedmond,Washington,attheheadquartersof

Microsoft,employeeshavebeentestingatraffic-prediction

systemcalledJamBayes.Usersregistertheirroutepreferences

andthenreceivealerts,bye-mailortextmessage,warningthem

ofimpendingtrafficjam.JamBayesusesatechniquecalled

Bayesianmodelingtocombinereal-timetrafficdatawith

historicaltrends,weatherinformationandalistofcalendar

eventssuchasholidays.EricHorvitzofMicrosoft,who

developedthesystem,saysitisaccurate75%ofthetime,and

3,000employeesuseitdaily.

AsystemcalledBeat-the-Traffic,developedbyTriangle

SoftwareofCampbell,California,withfundingfromthe

NationalScienceFoundation,goesfurther.Itnotonlywarns

driversofimpendingtrafficbutalsosuggestsanalternative

routeviae-mailortextmessage.AndreGueziec,thefirm，sboss,

thinkstrafficforecastswillbecomeasprevalentasweather

forecasts.Indeed,inJune,KXTVNews10,aTVstationin

Sacramento,California,beganshowingTriangle'straffic

forecastsforthecoiningweek.

Toknowwhatisexactlyhappeningontheroads,wedon'tneed

to

A.dispatchaircrafttospotthetraffic.

B.guaranteedrivershaveaccesstotheinformationsystem.

C.obtainrelatedreportsofaccident.

D.collectdataofthepositionsofbuses.

12、

Hondaismentionedinthesecondparagraphtosuggestthat

A.TrafficMessageChannelisestablishedinJapan.

B.Japanisintheleadinsolvingtrafficproblems.

C.HondademonstratedhowVICScanbeused.

D.Onlyfewpeoplecanaffordtoenjoythisservice.

13、

Theuseofmobile-phonesignalsinmonitoringtrafficis

A.monopolizedbyITIS,aBritishcompany.

B.promisingbutstillunderexperiment.

C.basedonthedatafrompeopleonroads.

D.effectiveinreducingtrafficspeeds.

14、

JamBayesisdifferentfromthepreviouslymentioned

technologiesasit

A.helpsthedriverstochoosethefastestlane.

B.sendinformationtocarsinthesystem.

C.isbasedonatechniquemodelingtocombinevariousdata.

D.helpsthedriverstoavoidcongestion.

15、

Itcanbeinferredfromthepassagethat

A.Trafficjamremainsunavoidableworldwide.

B.Trafficforecastswillbecomeasauthoritativeasthe

weatherforecasts.

C.Thereisalwaysashortcutbyusingoneofthesesystems.

D.Newsystemswillimprovethetransportationsituation.

16、Thescourgethat'splaguingcruiselines一andcausing

thousandsoftouriststorethinktheirholidaytravel

plans一didn'tstartthisyear,nordiditevenstartonaship.

Itbegan,asfarastheCentersforDiseaseControl(CDC)can

tell,inNorwalk,U.S.,inOctober1968,when116elementary

schoolchildrenandteacherssuddenlybecameiii.TheCDC

investigated,andthecausewasdiscoveredtobeasmall,

spherical,previouslyunclassifiedvirusthatscientistsnamed,

appropriatelyenough,theNorwalkvirus.

Flashforward34years,andNorwalk-likeviruses(there'sa

wholefamilyofthem)arealloverthenewsasoneoceanliner

afteranotherlimpsintoportwithpassengerscomplainingof

nauseaandvomiting.TheCDC,whichgetscalledinwhenevermore

than2%ofavesseTspassengerscomedownwiththesamedisease,

identifiedNorwalkastheinfectiousagentandoversawthorough

shipcleaning一which,tothedismayoftheownersofthecruise

lines,haven'tmadetheproblemgoaway.

Soareweinthemiddleofanoceangoingepidemic?Notaccording

toDaveForney,chiefoftheCDC'svessel-sanitationprogram.

Heseesthiskindofthingallthetime;asimilaroutbreakon

severalshipsinAlaskalastyeargotalmostnopress.Infact,

hesays,asfarasgastrointestinalillnessgoes,fewerpeople

maybegettingsickthisyearthanlast.

Norwalk-likeviruses,itturnsout,areextremely

common一perhapssecondonlytocoldviruses-andtheytendto

breakoutwheneverpeoplecongregateinclosequartersformore

thantwoorthreedays.Oceangoingpleasureshipsprovide

excellentbreedinggrounds,butsodoschools,hotels,camps,

nursinghomesandhospitals./zWheneverwelookforthisvirus,“

saysDr.MarcWiddowson,aCDCepidemiologist,“wefindit.”

Justlastweek100students(of500)attheVarsityAcres

ElementarySchoolinCalgary,Canada,stayedhomesick.School

trick?Hardly.TheNorwalkvirushadstruckagain.

Ifoceancruisesareyourideaoffun,don'tdespair.Thismight

evenbeagreattimetogoshippingforabargain.Theships

havebeencleaned.Thefoodandwaterhavebeenexaminedand

foundvirusfree.AccordingtotheCDC,itwasprobablythe

passengerswhobroughtthevirusaboard.

Ofcourse,ifyouareillorrecoveringfromastomachbug,you

mightdoeverybodyafavorandputoffyourtraveluntilthe

infectiousperiodhaspassed(itcantakeacoupleofweeks).

Toreduceyourchancesofgettingsick,thebestthingtodo

iswashyourhands一frequentlyandthoroughly一andkeepthem

outof'yourmouth.

Onemorething:if,likeme,youarepronetomotionsickness,

don'tforgettopackyourDramamine.

Accordingtothepassage,CDCisanorganizationthat

A.worksagainsttheNorwalk-1ikeviruses.

B.helpstocontroldiseases.

C.specializedintreatvirusinoceanliners.

D.worksforthebenefitsofcruiseowners.

17、

WhatcanbeinferredfromthewordsofDaveForney?

A.Norwalk-likevirusescausedhorrorsamongpeople.

B.Norwalk-likevirusescanbeeliminatedbyCDC.

C.Norwalk-likevirusescasuallyappearonvessels.

D.Norwalk-likevirusesco-existwithgastrointestinal

illness.

18、

ThehistoryofNorwalkvirustellsusthat

A.itisnamedbyCDC.

B.itcausedthousandsoftouristssick.

C.itisanordinaryvirus.

D.ithasbeeneradicatednow.

19、

Wecanlearnfromthefourthparagraphthat

A.studentsareeasilyattackedbytheNorwalk-likevirus.

B.Norwalk-likevirusestendtobreakoutinclosedcrowded

place.

C.Norwalk-likevirusesmightcauseflu.

D.Norwalk-likevirusesarenotwidespread.

20、

Weknowfromtheauthor,ssuggestionsthat

A.wecanbargainabouttheoceancruises.

B.peoplewithmotionsicknessshouldnottravelbyships.

C.passengersmightbethecauseofNorwalk-likeviruses.

D.washhandsisagoodhabit.

21、PartB(10points)

YouaregoingtoreadatextaboutChina'stradeachievements,

followedbyalistofexamples.Choosethebestexamplefrom

thelistforeachnumberedsubheading.Thereisoneextra

examplewhichyoudonotneedtouse.

LetChinasleep,forwhenshewakes,shewillshaketheworld.

Untilrecently,theworldhappilyignoredNapoleon，swarning.

ButChinaisnowshakingtheworld.TheU.S.wasthefirst

continentalcapitalisteconomy.TheEuropeanUnionistrying

tobecomeasecond.Potentially,Chinadwarfsthemboth.

Already,itisabigandcontroversialpresenceintheglobal

economy.Itsimpactiscertaintoincreasestillfurther.Fear

isaninevitableresponsetothisgrowingupheaval.Buthowfar

isitjustified?Andwhatisthebestresponse?

(41)TheamazingachievementsofChina,strade,

China'stradeperformancehas,indeed,beenastonishing.

Between1980and2022,China'sshareinglobalexportsand

importsrosefrom1.2percentand1.1percent,to5.2percent

and4.2percent,respectively.From1993to2022,thevolume

ofChina'sexportsofgoodsroseatanannualrateof17.3

percent.

(42)HowtoevaluatetheimpactofChina，strade?

ToassesstheimpactofChina，strade,onemuststartwithits

comparativeadvantageandtradepolicies.

(43)Chinahasreducedhertariffs:

In1992,averagestatutorytariffsonmanufactureswere46.5

percent.AfteraccessiontotheWorldTradeOrganization,this

willbedownto6.9percent.Forprimaryproducts,thedecline

isfrom22.3to3.6percent.

(44)Goodorbadnews?

Between1979and2022,China'stermsoftrade一theratioofthe

pricesofitsexportstothoseofitsimports一fellby30

percent.AsChina，sgrowthdrivesdowntherelativepriceof

herexports,countriesthatcompeteinthirdmarketssuffer

decliningprofitabilityandmarketshares.Butnetimporters

ofChina'sexportsandnetexportersofherimportsbenefit.

(45)TheeffectofdirectChinesecompetition:

Gainsareevenavailabletocountriesthatwouldseem

vulnerabletodirectChinesecompetition.Thereasonisthe

verticalintegrationofChineseproduction.In1998,justunder

aquarterofthevalueofChineseexportscontaineddirectand

indirectimports.Notsurprisingly,suchproductionis

particularlyrelevanttoChina，sneighbors.

HowshouldothercountriesrespondtotheChineseshock?

“Calmly"isthebestadvice.Thebiggestreasonforcalmcomes

fromhistory.IfChinaispermittedtothriveasadynamic

exporterofcheapmanufactures,itspeoplewillobtainthe

prosperitytheywant.IfChinaisthwartedbyprotectionist

barriers,itspeoplewillbecorrespondinglyfrustratedand

dangerous.Thechallengesofaccommodatingawide-awakeChina

willbehuge.Buttheycanandmustberisento.

A.Chinaalsoreducedthecoverageofnon-tariffbarriersfrom

32.5percentofimportsto21.6percentbetween1996and2022.

Thisliberalizationfurtherincreasethecompetitivenessof

China'sexports,becauseataxonimportsisalsoataxon

exports.

B.AnotherWorldBankstudynotes,forexample,thatbetween

1985and2022,exportsfromotherEastAsianemergingmarket

economiestoChinagrewfrom59billionto835billion.In2022,

15percentofEastAsia'sexportstoChinaconsistedofparts

ofofficemachinesandtelecommunicationsequipmentand

electronicmicrocircuits,allofwhichwereforassemblyand

re-export.

C.Ifcurrenttrendsweresustained(whichisunlikely),

China'sexportswouldsurpassthoseoftheU.S.byabout2022.

Overthe12monthstoMay2022,Chineseexportsof3,660billion

weretheworld'sfourthlargest,afterthoseoftheU.S.,

GermanyandJapan.Itsimports,at3,230billion,werethesixth

largest,butwillsoonbebiggerthant

22、(42)

23、(43)

24、(44)

25、(45)

26、PartC

Directions:Readthefollowingtextcarefullyandthen

translatetheunderlinedsegmentsintoChinese.(10points)

Whencompetitionisfierceandelbowsareflying,nothingis

morenaturalthanthedesiretoclimbatoptheheap.Thebiggest

firmsinmostindustrieshaveanedge.Theyprobablybecamethe

biggestbybeingthebest.