新教材适用2024版高考英语二轮总复习第2部分阅读能力突破篇专题1阅读理解第2讲题型破解-推理判断题

第二部分专题一第2讲A(2023·湖南省邵阳市高三二模)HeadingoutoftheScottishBordersandwestintoDumfries&Galloway,thereareplentyofsightsstilltoseeonthejourney．GREYMARE'sTAILAsoneoftheUK'shighestwaterfalls,GreyMare'sTailiswellworthastop．Parkupatthecarpark,andjustalongashortpath,youcanstandandadmirethistall,naturalfeatureasthewaterpoursdownthehangingvalley．Ontheothersidefromthefirstpathisasecondpath,followingthepath,andyou'llreachLochSkeen,abeautifulglassyswimmingpoolofmountainwateravailablefortravellers．MOFFATAfteryouwalkheadtonearbyMoffatforashortstrollaroundthetown,youcanhavesomethingtoeatinoneofthecafesorrestaurants．Ifyou'vegottimetospare,MoffatisEurope'sfirstDarkSkyTown,soassoonasthesunsets,yougetabetterviewofthenightskythankstothespecialstreetlighting．WANLOCKHEADTakeadrivefurtherwestintoDumfries&Gallowayandyou'llsoonreachthedizzyheightsofnotjustthesouthofScotland,butallofScotland!WanlockheadisScotland'shighestvillage,whichwon'tcomeasasurpriseonceyou'rethere．CRAWICKMULTIVERSEJustashortdrivefromthehighestvillageisagoodplacetostretchyourlegsandseeadifferentplaceonthearea'slocalindustry．CrawickMultiversehasusedlandscapearttotransformaformeropencastcoalmineintoa55-acreartland,visitorattractionandpublicspace．1．What'sspecialaboutGreyMare'sTail？A．Itswateristhepurest．B．YoucanswiminLochSkeen．C．Thereisafamousvalleythere．D．It'sthelargestwaterfallintheUS．2．WhichofthefollowingisthehighestaltitudeinScotland？A．Dumfries&Galloway．B．DarkSkyTown．C．Wanlockhead．D．CrawickMultiverse．3．Whichcolumnofthewebsitecanyoureadthistext？A．Culture． B．Advertisement．C．Education． D．Travel．【语篇解读】本文是一篇应用文。文章主要介绍了苏格兰的四处特色景点。1．B细节理解题。根据GREYMARE'STAIL部分“Ontheothersidefromthefirstpathisasecondpath,followingthepath,andyou'llreachLochSkeen,abeautifulglassyswimmingpoolofmountainwateravailablefortravellers．(在第一条路的另一边是第二条路，沿着这条路走，你会到达LochSkeen，一个美丽的玻璃般的山间游泳池，供旅行者使用。)”可知，GreyMare'sTail的特别之处在于你可以在LochSkeen游泳。故选B。2．C细节理解题。根据WANLOCKHEAD部分“WanlockheadisScotland'shighestvillage,whichwon'tcomeasasurpriseonceyou'rethere．(Wanlockhead是苏格兰海拔最高的村庄，一旦你到了那里就不会感到惊讶了。)”可知，Wanlockhead是苏格兰海拔最高的地方。故选C。3．D语篇出处题。根据第一段“HeadingoutoftheScottishBordersandwestintoDumfries&Galloway,thereareplentyofsightsstilltoseeonthejourney．(从苏格兰边境出发，向西进入Dumfries和Galloway，在旅途中还有很多景点要看。)”可知，本文主要介绍了苏格兰的四处特色景点，读者可以在网站上旅游专栏读到这篇文章。故选D。B(2023·四川省南充市高三一模)Inthepast60orsoyears,Americanparents'approachtonamingtheirkidshasundergoneaprofoundshift．Today,manyparentsseekoutlesspopularnamestohelptheirkidsstandout．Butinthepast,parentstypicallypickedcommonnames,consciouslyornot,sothattheirkidswouldfitin．“Wearedeepinaneraofnamingindividualitywhereparentsassumethathavinganamewhichsoundsdistinctiveanduniqueisavirtue，”LauraWattenberg,thefounderofthenaming-trendssiteNamerology,said,“howparentsarethinkingaboutnamingkidsismorelikehowcompaniesthinkaboutnamingproducts,whichisakindofcompetitivemarketplacewhereyouneedtobeabletogetattentiontosucceed．”Thereweresignsthatpeopleweretiredofnamesthatweretoopopular．ClevelandEvans,aprofessoremeritusofpsychologyatBellevueUniversityandanexpertonnames,saidthattherewasa1953songtitledJohn,John,John,whichincludedthelines“EveryTom,Dick,andHarry'scalledJohn．Can'twegivethislittleguyabreakandcallhimsomethingnew？”Thistunesignaledthecomingturntowardnoveltyanddistinctivenessthattookholdinthe1960s．Itwasdrivenbyanumberofbroadershiftsindailylife．Asfamilysizesshrunkandkidsstoppeddoinglabor,Americans“startedtofixateontheuniquenessofeachchild，”asthesociologistPhilipCohenhaswritten,and“individualityemergedasaproject—startingwithnaming—ofcreatinganidentity．”Anothercrucialchangeisthatinthe1960sparentsstartedgainingaccesstodataonbaby-namingtrends,accordingtoEvans．Booksinformedparentswhichnameswerepopular—and,byextension,whichoverexposednamestheymightwanttoavoidofthishasbroughtustoaneraofexceptionallyvariednames,which,inaway,representsitsownkindofconformity:tryingnottobelikeeveryoneelsemakesyoujustlikeeveryoneelse．4．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“virtue”inParagraph2probablymean？A．Agoodquality．B．Amoralstandard．C．Anattractivehabit．D．Anobviousadvantage．5．WhyisthesongJohn,John,JohnmentionedinParagraph3？A．Toshowthatthesongwaswidelyspread．B．ToshowthatJohnwasachildeveryoneliked．C．ToshowthatthenameJohnwastoooverexposed．D．ToshowthatthenameJohnwassomethingquitenew．6．WhatcausedtheprofoundshiftofnamingkidsinAmerica？A．Thelargerfamilysizesandlesslaborforchildren．B．Parents'concernsaboutthenoveltyanddistinctiveness．C．Somebooksshowingwhichnamesareappropriateforchildren．D．Thechangesindailylifeandtheaccesstothenamingtrend．7．What'stheauthor'sattitudetowardstheprofoundshiftofnamingkidsinAmerica？A．Doubtful． B．Optimistic．C．Ambiguous． D．Indifferent．【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。文章讲述了在近六十年的时间里，美国家长给孩子起名字逐渐从过去起大众化的普通的名字，到现在倾向于个性化的名字的转变。4．D词句猜测题。根据第一段“Today,manyparentsseekoutlesspopularnamestohelptheirkidsstandout．(如今，许多父母为了让孩子脱颖而出，会取一些不那么流行的名字。)”可知，今天，家长们认为给孩子起一个与众不同的名字，会让他脱颖而出，成为一个明显的优势。结合画线词所在句“Wearedeepinaneraofnamingindividualitywhereparentsassumethathavinganamewhichsoundsdistinctiveanduniqueisavirtue(我们深深地陷入了一个命名个性化的时代，父母认为拥有一个听起来与众不同的名字是一种virtue)”可知，听起来与众不同的名字应该是一个明显的优势。故选D。5．C推理判断题。根据第三段“Thereweresignsthatpeopleweretiredofnamesthatweretoopopular．(有迹象表明，人们已经厌倦了过于流行的名字。)”和“Can'twegivethislittleguyabreakandcallhimsomethingnew？(我们就不能让这小家伙停一下，给他取个新名字吗？)”可知，这首歌被提到是为了说明John这个名字使用太频繁了、曝光过度了。故选C。6．D细节理解题。根据第四段“Itwasdrivenbyanumberofbroadershiftsindailylife．(这是由日常生活中一些更广泛的变化所推动的。)”和最后一段“Anothercrucialchangeisthatinthe1960sparentsstartedgainingaccesstodataonbaby-namingtrends(另一个重要的变化是，在20世纪60年代，父母们开始获得有关婴儿取名趋势的数据)”可知，日常生活的变化和取名趋势数据的获得导致了美国孩子取名的极大的改变。故选D。7．A推理判断题。根据最后一段“Booksinformedparentswhichnameswerepopular—and,byextension,whichoverexposednamestheymightwanttoavoidofthishasbroughtustoaneraofexceptionallyvariednames,which,inaway,representsitsownkindofconformity:tryingnottobelikeeveryoneelsemakesyoujustlikeeveryoneelse．(书本告诉父母哪些名字是受欢迎的，进而告诉他们哪些名字曝光过多，他们可能要避免，这将我们带入了一个名字异常多样的时代，在某种程度上，这代表了一种从众性：努力不要像其他人一样，会让你和其他人一样。)”可知，作者认为美国父母希望给孩子取一个与众不同的名字，但实际上可能会适得其反，因而持怀疑态度。故选A。C(2023·河南省名校青桐鸣高考考前模拟)Therearemanyappsthatusemobilephonecamerasandotherdevicesthatmightsurpriseyou．SeekbyiNaturalistTouseit,simplytakeapictureorpointyourcameraataplant,insect,oranimal,andyou'llgetimportantinformationaboutit．Itincludesthetarget'sscientificname,commonname,seasonalnature,andadescriptionofitsappearance,amongotherinformation．FromSeedtoSpoonYoucanaddfruitsandvegetablesyou'dliketogrowonavirtual“GrowBox”fromalistofimages．Itwillthengiveseed-starting,removingandreplanting,andharvestingdatesforthoseplantsbasedonyourlocationusingsatellitedata．Thefreeversionoftheappalsoprovidesinformationoneachcrop'srequirementsfortemperature,sunlight,water,andfertilizer．PictureThisPictureThiswillidentifyyourplantandprovideinformationaboutitfromapictureonyourphone'scamera．Itwillshowhealthinformation,itsscientificname,whereitcanbefound,commonuses,harvestingtime,andhowtoproducenewplantsfromyourexistingplant．Italsowillshowsunlight,soil,water,andfertilizerrequirements．Youcanpay$29．99ayearforthepaidversion,whichprovidestreatmentinformationforsickplants．Thefreeversionwill,however,identifyadiseasefromapictureofasickplant．AppleVisualLookUpAppleVisualLookUpisanAIfeatureforiPhoneandiPad．Itwillidentifyplants,flowers,insects,birds,andotheranimalsshowninanyphoto．UsinganAppleproductrunningiOS16oriPadOS16,youcanusethefeaturebychoosingaphotoinyourphone,thentouchingthe“info”imagebelowit．Itistheletter“I”inacirclewithstarsaboveit．8．Whichappcanprovidetransplantingadvice？A．PictureThis．B．FromSeedtoSpoon．C．SeekbyiNaturalist．D．AppleVisualLookUp．9．WhatdoesthepaidversionofPictureThisofferusersaboutsickplants？A．Whytheygetsick．B．Whattheylooklike．C．Whethertoprotectthem．D．Howtotreatthem．10．Whomightfavorthetext？A．Gardeners． B．Photographers．C．Appdesigners． D．Phonedealers．【语篇解读】本文是一篇应用文。文章主要介绍了四款能提供专业的园艺规划和种植建议的应用软件。8．B细节理解题。根据FromSeedtoSpoon中的“Itwillthengiveseed-starting,removingandreplanting,andharvestingdatesforthoseplantsbasedonyourlocationusingsatellitedata．Thefreeversionoftheappalsoprovidesinformationoneachcrop'srequirementsfortemperature,sunlight,water,andfertilizer．(然后，它将根据你使用卫星数据的位置，为这些植物提供种子开始、移除、重新种植和收获日期。该应用程序的免费版本还提供了每种作物对温度、阳光、水和肥料的需求信息。)”可知，FromSeedtoSpoon可以提供移栽植物方面的建议。故选B。9．D细节理解题。根据PictureThis中的“Youcanpay$29．99ayearforthepaidversion,whichprovidestreatmentinformationforsickplants．(你可以每年支付29．99美元购买付费版本，该版本为生病的植物提供治疗信息。)”可知，PictureThis的付费版本可以给用户提供生病植物的治疗方案。故选D。10．A读者对象题。根据第一段“Therearemanyappsthatusemobilephonecamerasandotherdevicesthatmightsurpriseyou．(有许多使用手机摄像头和其他设备的应用程序可能会让你大吃一惊。)”及其对四个软件的描述可知，这篇文章主要针对的是园艺爱好者。故选A。D(2023·福建省厦门市高三二模)TheMustardSeedProjectisgettingclosertooneofitsinitiatives—buildingaffordableseniorhousingontheKeyPeninsula,Washington．TheNonprofitcarriesouttheprojectsothatpeopledon'thavetoleavetheKeyPeninsulaastheyageandhavehomecareneeds．“WehopetobuildinKeyCenter,agoodcentrallocationforourcommunity．Ourvisionistohaveacampuswithacafeandmeetingspaces,10independentlivingcottagesthathaveoneortwobedroomswithlaundry,housekeepingandonemealadayprovided,andthenassistedlivingfor30residents，”saidboardpresidentSaraThompson．“Wewantthistobeaplacethatdrawstheentirecommunityin,ratherthanasettingthatsetseldersasideinanisolatedenvironment．”Morethanayearago,alongtimesupporteroftheorganizationmadeamajorgifttoundertakealong-desiredstudytounderstandboththeneedsofthecommunityandthefinancialfeasibility(可行性)forseniorhousing．Asaresult,TheMustardSeedProjecthadameetinginNovemberattheKeyPeninsulaCivicCentertoexplaintheresultsofthestudyandtoplanforthenextsteps．“We'llbeapplyingforapredevelopmentloantodoallthenecessaryplanning，”TheMustardSeedProjectExecutiveDirectorEdieMorgansaid．“We'reawareofaffordableloansfortheassistedlivingsectionoftheproject,andcangetstandardfinancingfortheotherbuildings．Buttherewillbeafundinggap,andweexpecttoneedtoraisenearly$3milliontomakethishappen．Ibelievewecandoit．”Theentireproject,oncetheprojectmanagerisidentified,isexpectedtotakeabouttwoyears．11．Whyistheorganizationbuildingaffordableseniorhousing？A．Toofferfreeassistancetoseniors．B．Tocreatejobopportunitiesforresidents．C．Toprovideaccesstoaginginplace．D．Toimprovefacilitiesforthecommunity．12．WhatdowelearnabouttheorganizationfromParagraph3？A．Itholdsmeetingsregularly．B．Itpreparesholidaygiftsforelders．C．Itadaptstosponsors'needs．D．Ittakesthehousingprojectseriously．13．WhatisMorganmainlytalkingabout？A．Sourcesoffunds．B．Applicationforloans．C．Costsforconstruction．D．Distributionofdonations．14．Whyisthetextwritten？A．Toattractmorevisitors．B．Tointroduceanorganization．C．Toreportaproject．D．Toentertaintheseniors．【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了非营利组织开展的“芥菜籽项目”正在接近它的一项倡议——在华盛顿的KeyPeninsula建造经济适用的老年住房。11．C推理判断题。根据第二段“TheNonprofitcarriesouttheprojectsothatpeopledon'thavetoleavetheKeyPeninsulaastheyageandhavehomecareneeds．(非营利组织开展了这个项目，这样人们就不必随着年龄的增长和家庭护理的