2023年考研外语考试题目及答案12

考研外语考试题目及答案12

一、UseofEnglish

1>HereIwanttotrytogiveyouananswertothequestion:

whatpersonalqualitiesare(1)inateacher?Probablyno

twopeoplewould(2)exactlysimilarlists,butIthink

thefollowingwouldbegenerally(3).

First,theteacher'spersonalityshouldbepleasantly(4)

andattractive.Thisdoesnotruleoutpeoplewhoarephysically

(5),orevenugly,becausemanysuchhavegreatpersonal

(6).Butitdoesruleoutsuchtypesasthe(7),

melancholy,frigid,sarcastic,frustrated,andoverbearing:

Iwouldsaytoo,thatit(8)allofdullorpurelynegative

personality.

Secondly,itisnotmerelydesirable(9)essentialfora

teachertohaveagenuine(10)forsympathy一acapacity

totune(11)tothemindsandfeelingsofotherpeople,

especially,tothemindsandfeelingsofchildren.(12)

relatedwiththisisthecapacitytobe(13)—not,indeed,of

whatiswrong,butofthefrailtyandimmaturityofhumannature

which(14)_____people,andagainespeciallychildren,tomake

mistakes.

Thirdly,I(15)itessentialforateachertobeboth

intellectuallyandmorallyhonest.Thisdoesnotmeanbeinga

saint.Itmeansthathewillbeawareofhisintellectual

strengthand(16),andwillhavethoughtaboutanddecided

uponthemoralprinciplesbywhichhislifeshallbe(17).

Thereisnocontradictioninmygoingontosaythatateacher

shouldbea(18)ofanactor.Thatispartofthetechnique

ofteaching,whichdemandsthateverynowandthenateacher

shouldbeableto(19)anact一toenlivenalesson,correct

afault,or(20)praise.Children,especiallyyoung

children,liveinaworldthatisratherlargerthanlife.

A.substantial

B.adorable

C.desirable

D.valuable

2、(2)

A.drawup

B.putdown

C.makeout

D.handin

3、⑶

A.agreed

B.approved

C.recognized

D.accepted

4、⑷

A.live

B.living

C.lifelike

D.lively

5、⑸

A.strong

B.plain

C.simple

D.sound

6、(6)

A.appreciation

B.enjoyment

C.charm

D.identity

7、(7)

A.over-exciting

B.over-excitable

3

C.over-irritable

D.over-sensitive

8、(8)

A.includes

B.erases

C.involves

D.excludes

9、⑼

A.yet

B.nevertheless

C.but

D.or

10、(10)

A.capacity

B.strength

C.power

D.ability

IK(11)

A.out

B.about

C.in

D.up

12、(12)

A.Significantly

B.Closely

C.Consequently

D.Particularly

13、(13)

A.tolerable

B.patient

C.popular

D.tolerant

14、(14)

A.help

B.induce

C.arouse

D.agitate

15、(15)

A.regard

B.estimate

C.hold

D.perceive

16、(16)

A.shortcomings

5

B.limitations

C.defects

D.drawbacks

17、(17)

A.presided

B.managed

C.oriented

D.guided

18、(18)

A.bit

B.little

C.lot

D.couple

19、(19)

A.putacross

B.puton

C.putup

D.putinfor

20、(20)

A.allot

B.assign

C.award

目6

D.reward

二、ReadingComprehension

1、PartA

Directions:Readthefollowingfourtexts.Answerthequestions

beloweachtextbychoosingA,B,CorD.(40points)

Dreamisastorythataperson"watches"oreventakespart

in“duringsleep.Dreameventsareimaginary,buttheyare

relatedtorealexperiencesandneedsinthedreamer'slife.

Theyseemrealwhiletheyaretakingplace.Somedreamsare

pleasant,othersareannoying,andstillothersarefrightening.

Everyonedreams,butsomepersonsneverrecalldreaming.Others

rememberonlyalittleaboutadreamtheyhadjustbefore

awakeningandnothingaboutearlierdreams.Noonerecallsall

hisdreams.

Dreamsinvolvelittlelogicalthought.Inmostdreams,the

dreamercannotcontrolwhathappenstohim.Thestorymaybe

confusing,andthingshappenthatwouldnothappeninreallife.

Peopleseeinmostdreams,buttheymayalsohear,smell,touch,

andtasteintheirdreams.

Mostdreamsoccurincolor.Butpersonswhohavebeenblind

sincebirthdonotseeatallindreams.

Dreamsareaproductofthesleeper'smind.Theyincludeevents

andfeelingsthathehasexperienced.Mostdreamsarerelated

toeventsofthedaybeforethedreamandstrongwishesofthe

dreamer.Manyminorincidentsofthehoursbeforesleepappear

indreams.Feweventsmorethantwodaysoldturnup.Deepwishes

orfears-especiallythoseheldsincechildhood-oftenappearin

dreams,andmanydreamsfulfillsuchwishes.Eventsinthe

sleeper'ssurrounding-aloudnoise,forexample,maybecome

partofadream,buttheydonotcausedreams.

Somedreamsinvolvedeepfeelingsthatapersonmaynotrealize

hehas.Psychiatristsoftenusematerialfromapatient's

dreamstohelpthepersonunderstandhimselfbetter.

Dreamingmayhelpmaintaingoodlearningability,memory,and

emotionaladjustment.Peoplewhogetplentyofsleep一butare

awakenedeachtimetheybegintodream一becomeanxiousand

restless.

Thispassageismainlyabout.

A.whywedreamduringsleep

B.howwedreamduringsleep

C.whatdreamsare

D.Whatbenefitsdreamsbringtopeople

2、

Accordingtothepassage,dreamsresultfrom.

A.thesleeper'swishes

B.thesleeper'simagination

C.thesleeper'sfeeling

D.thesleeper'sownmind

3、

WhichofthefollowingisNOTtrue?

A.Dreamisaconfusingstorywhichinvolveslittlelogic

thought.

B.Dreamisrelatedtohedreamersreallife.

C.Dreamisanimaginary,storywhichseemsrealwhiletaking

place.

D.Dreaminvolveseventsthatalwayshappeninreallife.

4、

Thispassagesuggeststhatpsychiatristsare.

A.tryingtohelpthedreamerrecallhisearlierdreams

B.tryingtomakethesleeperdreamlogically

C.studyingthebenefitsofdreams

D.helpingthesleeperfulfillhisdreams

5、

Wemayinferfromthepassagethatdreaming.

A.isbeneficialtopeople

B.disturbspeople'slife

C.makespeoplealwaysrestless

D.deprivespeopleofagoodsleep

6、Accordingtopsychologists,anemotionisarousedwhena

manoranimalviewssomethingaseitherbadorgood.Whena

personfeelslikerunningawayfromsomethinghethinkswill

hurthim,wecallthisemotionfear.Ifthepersonwantstore

movethedangerbyattackingit,wecalltheemotionanger.The

emotionsofjoyandlovearearousedwhenwethinksomething

canhelpus.Anemotiondoesnothavetobecreatedbysomething

intheoutsideworld.Itcanbecreatedbyaperson'sthoughts.

Everyonehasemotions.Manypsychologistsbelievethatinfants

arebornwithoutemotions.Theybelievechildrenlearnemotions

justastheylearntoreadandwrite.Agrowingchildnotonly

learnshisemotionsbutlearnshowtoactincertainsituations

becauseofanemotion.

Psychologiststhinkthattherearetwotypesofemotions:

positiveandnegative.Positiveemotionsincludelove,liking,

joy,delight,andhope.Theyarearousedbysomethingthat

appealstoaperson.Negativeemotionsmakeapersonunhappy

ordissatisfied.Theyincludeanger,fear,despair,sadness,

anddisgust.Ingrowingup,apersonlearnstocopewiththe

negativeemotionsinordertobehappy.

Emotionsmaybeweakorstrong.Somestrongemotionsareso

unpleasantthatapersonwilltryanymeanstoescapefromthem.

Inordertofeelhappy,thepersonmaychooseunusualwaysto

avoidtheemotion.

Strongemotionscanmakeithardtothinkandtosolveproblems.

Theymaypreventapersonfromlearningorpayingattentionto

whatheisdoing.Forexample,astudenttakinganexamination

maybesoworriedaboutfailingthathecannotthinkproperly.

Theworrydrainsvaluablementalenergyheneedsforthe

examination.

Welearnfromthepassagethatanemotioniscreatedby

something.

A.onethinksbadorgood

B.onefeelsindanger

C.onefacesintheoutsideworld

D.onetriestoescapefromreallife

7、

WhichofthefollowingisNOTtrue?

A.Childrenlearnemotionsastheygrowup.

B.Babiesarebornwithemotions.

C.Emotionsfallintotwotypesingeneral.

D.Peoplecancopewiththenegativeemotionsinlife.

8、

Theauthor,spurposeofwritingthispassageisto.

A.explainwhypeoplehaveemotions

B.showhowpeopleavoidthenegativeemotions

C.explainwhatpeopleshoulddobeforeemotions

D.defineanticlassifypeople'semotions

9、

Wecansafelyconcludethatastudentmayfailinanexamif

A.hecannotthinkproperly

B.hecan'tpayattentiontoit

C.hecantfinishit

D.heisnotfullofenergy

10、

Asusedinthelastsentence,theword“drains"means.

A.stops

B.ties

C.weakens

D.flowsgradually

11、Peopledonotanalyzeeveryproblemtheymeet.Sometimes

theytrytorememberasolutionfromthelasttimetheyhada

similarproblem.Theyoftenaccepttheopinionsorideasof

otherpeople.Othertimestheybegintoactwithoutthinking;

theytrytofindasolutionbytrialanderror.However,when

allthesemethodsfail,thepersonwithaproblemhastostart

analyzing.Therearesixstagesinanalyzingaproblem.

Firstthepersonmustrecognizethatthereisaproblem.For

example,Sam，sbicycleisbroken,andhecannotrideittoclass

asheusuallydoes.Sammustseethatthereisaproblemwith

hisbicycle.

Nextthethinkermustdefinetheproblem.BeforeSamcanrepair

hisbicycle,hemustfindthereasonwhyitdoesnotwork.For

instance,hemustdetermineiftheproblemiswiththegears,

thebrakes,ortheframe.Hemustmakehisproblemmorespecific.

Nowthepersonmustlookforinformationthatwillmakethe

problemclearerandleadtopossiblesolutions.Forinstance,

supposeSamdecidedthathisbikedoesnotworkbecausethere

issomethingwrongwiththegearwheels.Atthistime,hecan

lookinhisbicyclerepairbookandreadaboutgears.Hecan

talktohisfriendsatthebikeshop.Hecanlookathisgears

carefully.

Afterstudyingtheproblem,thepersonshouldhaveseveral

suggestionsforapossiblesolution.

TakeSamasanillustration.Hissuggestionsmightbe:putoil

onthegearwheels;buynewgearwheelsandreplacetheoldones;

tightenorloosenthegearwheels.

Eventuallyonesuggestionseemstobethesolutiontothe

problem.Sometimesthefinalideacomesverysuddenlybecause

thethinkersuddenlyseessomethingneworseessomethingin

anewway.Sam,forexample,suddenlyseesthatthereisapiece

ofchewinggumbetweenthegearwheels.Heimmediatelyrealizes

thesolutiontohisproblem:hemustcleanthegearwheels.

Finallythesolutionistested.Samcleansthegearwheelsand

findsthatafterwardshisbicycleworksperfectly.Inshort,

hehassolvedtheproblem.

Whatisthebesttitleforthispassage?

A.SixStagesforRepairingSam'sBicycle.

B.PossibleWaystoProblem-solving.

C.NecessitiesofProblemAnalysis.

D.SuggestionsforAnalyzingaProblem.

12、

Inanalyzingaproblemweshoulddoallthefollowingexcept

A.recognizeanddefinetheproblem

B.lookforinformationtomaketheproblemclearer

C.havesuggestionsforapossiblesolution

D.findasolutionbytrialormistake

13、

ByreferringtoSam，sbrokenbicycle,theauthorintendsto

A.illustratethewaystorepairhisbicycle

B.discusstheproblemsofhisbicycle

C.tellushowtosolveaproblem

D.showushowtoanalyseaproblem

14、

WhichofthefollowingisNOTtrue?

A.Peopledonotanalyzetheproblemtheymeet.

B.Peopleoftenaccepttheopinionsorideasofotherpeople.

C.Peoplemaylearnfromtheirpastexperience.

D.Peoplecannotsolvesomeproblemstheymeet.

15、

Asusedinthelastsentence,thephrase"inshort“means

A.inthelongrun

B.indetail

C.inaword

D.intheend

16、Admittedly,minoraccidentsandslipupscontinuetoshake

publicconfidenceinnuclearpower.

Giventheunquantifiablerisksthatnuclearpowercarries,it

isonlyrightthattheindustrybesubjectedtothetestof

publicopinionandduepoliticalprocess.However,thisargues

forexceptionalvigilance,regulatoryscrutinyand

accountabi1ity-andnotforbansorshutdowns.

Thosenuclearoperatorswithagoodsafetyrecorddeserveto

havetheirlicensesrenewed,sothatexistingplantsmayrun

totheendoftheirusefullives.

TheBushadministrationsenthusiasticsupportgoesalot

furtherthanthis,however.Italsowantstoseenewplants.

Proponentsofnewnuclearpowerstationsmakethreearguments

intheirfavor.

Theywillenhanceenergysecuritybylesseningdependenceon

fossilfuels;Farfrombeingenvironmentallyharmful,theywill

bebeneficialbecausetheywillreducetheoutputofgreenhouse

gases;And,mostcrucially,theeconomicsofnuclearpowerhas

improvedfromthedayswhenitwaswhollydependentonbailout

andsubsidy.

Yettheseargumentsdonotstanduptoscrutiny.Theclaimthat

governmentsshouldsupportnuclearpowertoreducetheir

vulnerabilitytotheOPECoilcartelisdoublyabsurd.Little

oilisusedinpowergeneration:whatnuclearpowerdisplaces

ismostlynaturalgasandcoal,whicharenotonlymore

plentifulthanoilbutalsogeographicallybetterdistributed.

Securityisenhancednotbyseekingenergyself-sufficiencybut

throughdiversificationofsupplies.Creatinglotsoffissile

materialthatmightbepinchedbyterroristsisanoddwayto

lookforsecurityanyway.Whatabouttheargumentthatclimate

changemightbethegreatsaviorofnuclearpower?Global

warmingisindeedariskthatshouldbetakenmoreseriously

thantheBoshadministrationhassofardone.

Nuclearplantsdonotproduceanycarbondioxide,whichisthe

principalgreenhousegas.

However,rushinginresponsetobuilddozensofnewnuclear

plantswouldbebothneedlesslyexpensiveandenvironmentally

unsound.Itwouldmakefarmoresensetoadoptacarbontax,

whichwouldputcleanenergysourcessuchassolarandwindon

anequalfootingwithnuclear,whosewasteposesanundeniable

(ifremote)environmentalthreatofitsownforaeonstocome.

Governmentsshouldalsodismantleallsubsidiesonfossil

fuels一especiallyforcoal,thedirtiestofall.Theyshould

adoptreformsthatsendproperpricesignalstothosewhouse

power,andsoreduceemissions.Globalwarmingcertainly

providesoneargumentinfavorofnuclearpower.Butitisnot

sufficientonitsowntojustifyanuclearrenaissance.

What'sthepublic，sopinionaboutnuclearindustry?

A.Peoplehavelittleconfidenceinnuclearpowerforthe

potentialdisasterofnuclearaccidents.

B.Peoplethinkitimportanttoexercisestrictmonitoringand

effectivemanagementoftheexistingplants.

C.Peoplebelievethebestwaytoavoidnucleardisasteris

toshutdownallthenuclearpowerstations.

D.Peopleagreetoprohibittheexistingnuclearplantsfrom

runningtotheendoftheirusefullives.

17、

ThemostimportantreasonwilytheBushadministrationsupport

morenewnuclearpowerplantsisthat.

A.theywillincreaseenergysecurity

B.theyhelplessendependenceonfossilfuels

C.theyareenvironmentallyfriendly

D.theyneedlittlegovernmentfinancialsupport

18、

Accordingtotheauthorenergysecuritycanonlybeachieved

by.

A.usinglessoilinpowergeneration

B.replacingfossilfuelswithmorenuclearpower

C.seekingenergyself-sufficiency

D.expandingthesourcesofpowersupply

19、

Accordingtothepassage,whichofthefollowingmeasuresis

theleasthelpfulinprotectingtheenvironment?

A.Encouragingtheuseofcleanenergysources.

B.Cuttingoffsubsidiesonallfossilfuels.

C.Adoptingpricereform,toreduceemission.

D.Promotingtheresurgenceofnuclearpower.

20、

It'simpliedthat.

A.nuclearpowerstationsmaybecomethetargetsofterrorist

attack

B.theBushadministrationdoesn'tgivedueweightto

environmentprotection

C.carbondioxideistheprincipalsourceofgreenhousegas

D.nuclearwastewillturntobeanenvironmentalthreatin

thelong-runterm

21、PartB(10points)

Thefollowingparagraphsaregiveninawrongorder.For

Questions41-45,youarerequiredtoreorganizethese

paragraphsintoacoherentarticlebychoosingfromthelist

A-G.Someoftheparagraphshavebeenplacedforyou.(10points)

A.Theseissuescutrightacrosstraditionalreligiousdogma.

Manypeopleclingtothebeliefthattheoriginofliferequired

auniquedivineact.ButfflifeonEarthisnotunique,the

caseforamiraculousoriginwouldbeundermined.Thediscovery

ofevenahumblebacteriumonMars,ifitcouldbeshowntohave

arisenindependentlyfromEarthlifewouldsupporttheview

thatlifeemergesnaturally.

B.Contrarytopopularbelief,speculationthatwearenotalone

intheuniverseisasoldasphilosophyitself.Theessential

stepsinthereasoningwerebasedontheatomictheoryofthe

ancientGreekphilosopherDemocritus.First,thelawsofnature

areuniversal.Second,thereisnothingspecialorprivileged

aboutEarth.Finally,ifsomethingispossible,naturetends

tomakeithappen.Philosophyisonething,fillinginthe

physicaldetailsisanother.Althoughastronomersincreasingly

suspectthatbio-friendlyplanetsmaybeabundantinthe

universe,thechemicalstepsleadingtoliferemainlargely

mysterious.

C.Thereis,however,acontraryview-onethatisgaining

strengthanddirectlychallengesorthodoxbiology.Itisthat

complexitycanemergespontaneouslythroughaprocessof

self-organization,ffmatterandenergyhaveaninbuilt

tendencytoamplifyandchannelorganizedcomplexity,theodds

againsttheformationoflifeandthesubsequentevolutionof

intelligencecouldbedrasticallyshortened.Therelevanceof

self-organizationtobiologyremainshotlydebated.It

suggests,however,thatalthoughtheuniverseasawholemay

bedying,anopposite,progressivetrendmayalsoexistasa

fundamentalpropertyofnature.Theemergenceof

extraterrestriallife,particularly-intelligentlife,isakey

testfortheserivalparadigms.

D.Similarreasoningappliestoevolution.Accordingtothe

orthodoxview,Darwinianselectionisutterlyblind.Any

impressionthatthetransitionfrommicrobestomanrepresents

progressispurechauvinismofourpart.Thepathofevolution

ismerelyarandomwalkthroughtherealmofpossibilities.If

thisisright,therecanbenodirectionality,noinnatedrive

forward;inparticular,nopushtowardconsciousnessand

intelligence.ShouldEarthbestruckbyanasteroid,destroying

allhigherlife-forms,intelligentbeings,stillless

humanoids,wouldalmostcertainlynotarisenexttimearound.

E.Traditionally,biologistsbelievedthatlifeisafreak-the

resultofazillion-to-onaccidentalconcatenationof

molecules.Itfollowsthatthelikelihoodofitshappening

againelsewhereinthecosmosisinfinitesimal.Thisviewpoint

de-rivesfromthesecondlawofthermodynamics,whichpredicts

thattheuniverseisdying-slowlyandinexorablydegenerating

towardastateoftotalchaos.Lifestumblesacrossthistrend

onlybecauseitisapurestatisticalluck.

F.Historically,theRomanCatholicchurchregardedany

discussionofalienlifeasheresy.Speculatingaboutother

inhabitedworldswasonereasonphilosopherGiordanoBrunowas

burnedatthestakein1600.Beliefthatmankindhas-aspecial

relationshipwithGodiscentraltothemonotheisticreligions.

Theexistenceofalienbeings,especiallyiftheywerefurther

advancedthanhumansintellectuallyandspiritually,would

disruptthiscozyview.

G.Thediscoveryoflifebeyondearthwouldtransform,notonly

oursciencebutalsoourreligions,ourbeliefsystemsandour

entireworldview.Forinasense,thesearchfor

extraterrestriallifeisreallyasearchforourselves-whowe

areandwhatourplaceisinthegrandsweepofthecosmos.

Order:FisthefirstparagraphandGisthelast.

22、(42)

23、(43)

24、(44)

25、(45)

26、PartC

Directions:Readthefollowingtextcarefullyandthen

translatetheunderlinedsegmentsintoChinese.(10points)

Doanimalshaverights?Thisishowthequestionisusually

put.Itsoundslikeauseful,groundclearingwaytostart.

(46)Actually,itisn't,becauseitassumesthatthereisan

agreedaccountofhumanrights,whichissomethingtheworld

doesnot