重难点39短文填空之首字母填空-2023年中考英语【热点·重点·难点】专练(全国通用)(原卷版)

专项五中考题型重难点39短文填空之首字母填空 短文首字母填空题型满分技巧 1.跳过空格，不看选项，快速地阅读全文，从整体上感知全文，掌握大意，了解全篇的内容和要旨。快速阅读时宁粗勿细，切忌只盯住一个句子仓促解题，这样势必因胸无全局而误入歧途。快速阅读时，还要注意找出关键词，这些词在文中起支撑骨架的功能，抓住了关键词就抓住了故事的线索。特别是要重视首句，善于以首句的时态、语气为立足点，理清文脉，推测全文时态、主题及大意。2.复读短文，确定语义，判断词形。把握短文大意后再认真复读短文，利用上下文的语境，结合所学过的知识，先确定空格处所需词语的意义，再根据空格在句子中的位置，判断其在句中充当的成分，从而确定所填词的词性，再依据词语搭配和语法规则，判断所填词的正确形式。如短文难度较大，尤其是难于选词时，从本句的前后观察中一时尚不得要领，就要进一步扩大到上下文中分析。3.三读短文，上下参照，验证答案。在短文的空白处分别填上一个词后，将完成的短文再细读一遍，上下参照，连贯思考。可从上下文内容是否协调一致、顺理成章，语法结构是否正确无误等进行综合验证，凡有疑问必须重新推敲考虑。首字母填空是根据句意和已给出的首字母，在句子的空白处填上适当的单词，使句子意思完整，语法正确的一种题型。该题型既考查学生的单词记忆和拼写能力，又考查学生对句子的理解和运用能力。典例解析（2022·甘肃甘南·统考中考真题）根据短文内容和首字母提示，把所缺单词填写在后面的横线上。AndywasborninChina15yearsago.In2021,shem___1___totheUSAwithherfamily.Asahighschoolstudentshehasfoundmanydifferencesb___2___

ChineseandAmericans.Forexample,manyAmericanparentsthinkthereisnon___3___tosendtheirchildrentoanexpensiveschool.H___4___,it’sdifferentinChina.ManyChineseparentswoulddoanythingtosendtheirchildrentoexpensiveschools,a___5___theirfamilyisn’trichenough.【短文大意】本文主要介绍了中国和美国在教育上的差别。【答案解析】1．句意：2021年，她和家人搬到了美国。根据“she…totheUSAwithherfamily”及首字母可知，搬到了美国，move“搬”，结合时间状语In2021可知，动词用过去式，故填(m)oved。2．句意：作为一名高中生，她发现了中美之间的许多差异。根据“ChineseandAmericans”及首字母可知，此处用between…and表示“在……与……之间”，故填(b)etween。3．句意：例如，许多美国父母认为没有必要把他们的孩子送到昂贵的学校。根据“thereisno…tosendtheirchildrentoanexpensiveschool”及首字母可知，此处用thereisnoneedtodosth表示“没有必要做某事”，故填(n)eed。4．句意：然而，这在中国是不同的。“manyAmericanparentsthinkthereisno…tosendtheirchildrentoanexpensiveschool”与“ManyChineseparentswoulddoanythingtosendtheirchildrentoexpensiveschools”是转折关系，however“然而”，故填(H)owever。5．句意：许多中国父母会不惜一切把孩子送到昂贵的学校，尽管他们的家庭并不富裕。“ManyChineseparentswoulddoanythingtosendtheirchildrentoexpensiveschools”与“theirfamilyisn’trichenough”是让步关系，although引导让步状语从句，故填(a)lthough。（2022·山东东营·统考中考真题）阅读下面短文，根据短文内容及首字母提示，在空白处填入一个适当的单词。“Ugh,meatpieagain?Ih____1____meatpie!”Mattshouted.“Iwon’teatit!”Matt’smomanddadlookedateachother.Matt’sangryoutbursts(爆发)werealwayshappeningthismonth.“Matt,we’regoingtoletyoutakeover(接管)dinnertimefromnowon,”Momsaid.“Well,we’regoingtoeatg___2___foodeverynight!”Mattansweredhappily.Thenextday,DadhelpedMattmakethemealplan.“We’regoingtohavechickentonight,andspaghettitomorrow,”Mattstarted.“Woah,waitaminute,”Dadsaid.“Whatelsearewegoingtohavewiththechicken?Weneedtohaveatleastonev___3___witheachmeal.”“Wecanhavecabbage,”Mattsaid.“Sophiadoesnotlikecabbage,”saidDad.“Well,it’smychoice,s___4___I’mgoingtocookit,”Mattreplied.“OK,butshemightcomplain(抱怨)atdinner.Areyoureadyforthat?”Dadasked.“Yeah,maybe,”Mattanswered.AlmosteverytimeMattpickedsomethingout,hisdadwouldtellhimthatsomeonewouldn’tlikeit.Itwasveryfrustrating(令人懊恼的).“Thisisimpossible!”Mattsaidangrily.“Yes,itishard.Everyonehasd___5___tastes,andsometimes,wejustcan’tplease(使满意)everyone.”“Fine,we’llgowiththisplanthisweek.NextweekI’lltrytomakeeveryonehappy,”repliedMatt.ItwastimeforMatttomakehisf___6___meal,sohisparentsbothcametohelphim.Hehadn’tcookedbefore.Ittookalmostanhourtomakedinner.Hewastiredandhungry,buthewassoproudofh___7___—hemadedinner!“Ew,thisricetastesstrange,”Sophiasaid.Matttookabite.Itdidtastealittlestrange.Buthe’dworkedsohard!Hefeltlikehemightc___8___.“Idon’tlikecabbage,”shoutedSophia.Mattrealizedthenhowhisparentsmustfeeleverytimehecomplainedaboutdinner.Itwasimpossibletomakesuree___9___likedeverypartofeverymeal!“I’msorry,Sophia.I’msorry,MomandDad.Ishouldn’thaveshoutedatyouaboutdinnerallthetime.Idon’twanttotakeoverdinneranymore,Iwon’tcomplain,”Mattsaid.“Thankyou,Matt,”MomandDadsaid.Dadcontinued,“We’lltakebackdinnerresponsibilities.Youcanoffersomehelpifyoulike!”Mattfeltalotbetter.Hehappilyfinishedhisdinnerandn____10____complainedaboutamealagain.（2022·上海·统考中考真题）在短文的空格内填入适当的词，使其内容通顺。每空格限填一词，首字母已给出。Whichwouldyouratherspendyourmoneyon,anoutingwithfriendsorapairofexpensiveshoes?Itismyopinionthatspendingmoneyonexperiencesbringsgreaterhappiness.Myfirstr___11___isthatexperiencesmakeusdifferentaswegrow.Wearenottheresultofthethingswe’vebought.Instead,wearetheresultofeverythingwe’veseenanddone.Forexample,gettingexpensiveclothesdidn’tc___12___measaperson,butthecampingtriplastsummercertainlydid.Itmadememoreindependent.Inaddition,Ip___13___experiencesbecausetheybringpeopletogether.Sharinganewexperiencedevelopsstrongerrelationshipsandcreateslong-lastingmemories.ThreeyearsagoImetsometeenagersonastudytripandnowIams___14___intouchwiththem,butIhardlyrememberwhatIboughtduringthetrip.Myfinalpointisthat,althoughsomepeoplesayitisagreatj___15___toownthings,Ithinkusingthethingsyouownismorepleasant.Forexample,Ispendmostofmysparemoneyonnewpartsformyoldmountainbike,butIlovetheexperienceofc___16___,notowningbikeparts!Tosumup,experiencesmakeuswhoweareanddevelopstrongerrelationships.Sonexttimebeforeyoupayforsomething,giveitsomes___17___thought.Askyourself,“WhichwillIspendmymoneyon,anoutingorapairofshoes?”（2022·江苏盐城·统考中考真题）根据短文内容及首字母提示，填写所缺单词，使其意思完整。Igrewupinthecountryside.Ataround10yearsold,Ibegantolearncooking.ThefirstskillImasteredwasmakingdough（面团）.Sincemyparentsoftencamehomel____18____,aprepareddoughwouldhelpmyfamilyhavesuppersooner.Ithoughtitwouldbee____19____becauseIoftensawmymumdoit—justmixwaterandflour,right?Notquite!Itturnedouttobeam____20____forawhile.FirstImadethedoughtoosoft.ThenImadeittoohard.ButasIkepttrying,Ilearnedthetrick.Later,IcookedfrieddishesandthingslikedumplingsandIf____21____inlovewithcooking.It’sagoodwaytorelax.Moreimportantly,thankstomycookingskill,Ilivebetterd____22____theCOVID-19pandemic.Nowworkingathome,Icookeverymealinsteadoforderingtakeout.Its___23___moneyandIdon’thavetowaitfordeliverydriverstofeedme.Besidescooking,Ididalotoff____24____workinmychildhood.Igottoknowhowtoplantvegetables.T___25___itwashardwork,theexperiencetaughtmethingsthatmanyofmyfriendsstilldon’tknow.Forexample,thepartofapotatothathassprouts（芽）canbeplantedasaseed.Ioncediscussedthiswithmyfriendsfromthecity.Theythoughtitwasap____26____thattheydidn’thavethechancetolearnthesethingsintheirlives.Somemightsaywecanlearnthesethingsfromtextbooks.Butitcan’tcomparetothej____27____oflearningfirsthand,watchingplantsblossomandgrow.Itbringsanewwaytolookattheworld.（2022·江苏南通·统考中考真题）请认真阅读下面短文，并根据各题所给首字母的提示，写出一个合适的英语单词完整的、正确的形式，使短文通顺。EatYourGreens!Ihaveneverbeenafanofvegetables.Butmybestfriendlovesthem.“Eatyourgreens!”healwayssays.SoIdecidetolearnsomethingmoreaboutthem.Plantsareaveryimportantpartofourdiet.Becauseofthec____28____theirleavesvegetablesareoftencalled“greens”.Theyp____29____allkindsofnutrition(营养)thatareveryimportantforourbodies.Forexample,vitaminCgivesushealthyskin,andcalcium(钙)keepsourboness____30____.Othershelptokeepourhearts,bloodandmuscleshealthyEatingvegetablesdoesnotmakeusf____31____becausetheyarelowincalories.It’ssaidthatthereareover80,000differentkindsofplantswhichcanbeeatenonEarth.However,90percentofthefoodsweeatc____32____fromjust30plants.Thisisnotbecausetheyarethemostnutritious,butbecausetheyarethee____33____togrow.Itissuggestedtoeatatleastfivedifferentvegetableseveryday.It’sagoodh____34____tomakevegetablesamainpartofeachmeal.However,somepeoplethinkthatvegetablesarenotsopopularcomparedwithmeat,sowhenvegetablesareservedtogetherwithmeat,theyoftenc____35____meatinsteadofvegetables.Othersthinkvegetablesarecookedinanunskillfulway,makingthemnotd____36____.Inordertohelpmehaveahealthydiet,myfriendgivesmegooda____37____onhowtocooktastyvegetables.Iamonmywaytoahealthierlifestyle.（2022·江苏镇江·统考中考真题）根据短文内容及所给首字母提示写出所缺单词，使短文意思完整，每空一词。TomanyyoungChinesepeople,PremierZhouEnlaiisknownasakeyfounderoftheNewChina.Butf____38____peopleknowheoncewroteamartialartsnovelcalledJinGuoYingXiong.Recently,aSinaWeibouserm____39____thisnovelwrittenbyZhoumorethanacenturyago.Manyyoungpeopleshowedastrongi____40____initandtheiradmirationfortheearlypioneersofChina.AnotheruserpostedthefirstpageofthenovelwhichZhouwroteatthea____41____of16.ItwaspublishedunderZhou’spseudonym(笔名)“FeiFei”inamagazinebeginninginOctober,1914.However,thenovelwasnevercompleted,butitcanbefounda____42____.TheEarlyWorksofZhouEnlaiwerepublishedbytheCentralPartyLiteraturePressin1998.A____43____manyyoungpeopleexpressedtheregretthatZhoudidnotgoonwiththenovel,theysaidheplayedamoreimportantroleinChina’shistory.Onewrote“ThenovelwasstoppedbutPremierZhouwentontos____44____theChinesenationoutofdanger!”Anotheradded,“Hegaveupanovel,buthewroteahistoryofm____45____China.”A29-year-oldcomputerengineersaid,“ThepioneersofChinaarespiritualleadersforme.Rememberingthemhelpedmebuildupther____46____values.WhenIfaceproblemsinlife,Iamalwaysremindednottof____47____thelivesofthosepioneers.ThedifficultiesIfacenowarenothingcomparedwithwhattheyexperienced.”（2022·江苏徐州·统考中考真题）根据短文内容及首字母提示，写出所缺单词，使短文完整、通顺。Whenpeoplemeetstrangers,theyoftenhavesmalltalks.Thesetalksareagoodwayforpeopletos____48____hello.Thetalkscovermanytopics,suchasweather,films,sports,TVshowso____49____thelatestnews.Butweshouldalwayskeepitinmindthatp____50____subjectsaboutmoney,age,andweightshouldbeavoided.Besides,it’sbettertoaskopen-endedquestions.Ifyouask,“Doyoulikeourcity?”Theymaysays____51____,“Yes”.Ifyouask,“Whatdoyouthinkofourcity?”Theywillhavemorefreedominanswering.Thistypeofquestionalsoshowsthatyouareinterestedinthem.Ifyouseeminterestedinw____52____peoplearesaying,theywillfeelmorecomfortabletalkingwithyou.（2022·江苏泰州·统考中考真题）根据短文内容及首字母提示，补全空格内单词，使短文完整、通顺（请在答题卡上写出完整单词）。Itwasabeautifulfallday.Iwasoutridingmybicycle.IguessedIrodeoveraholeintheroad.Allofasudden,WHAM(砰)!Ifelloffmybicycle.Myrightsidereallyh__53__!Myheadhitthegroundh__54__.Ilaythereforafewminutes.Itriedtogetup,b__55__Ifailed!“Theremustbes__56__wrongwithme,”Ithought.Ifeltsot__57__thatIhadtostillliethere.ThenIsawb__58__onmyshoe.Myhandandkneewerebleeding.AsIlaythere,Itookoffmyhelmet.Therewasasharprockstickingoutofit.Ilookedatitinf__59__.ThankgoodnessIworemyhelmet!Ishoutedforhelp.Atthattime,atruckwentby.Thedrivers__60__histruckandcametohelpme.Heputmybicycleinthebackofhistruckanddrovemetothehospital.Whenmymothergottothehospital,shegavemeabighug(拥抱).“I’msogladyouwerewearingyourhelmet.Thehelmetsavedyourlife,”shesaid.SheknewIwasc__61__beforeanddidnotalwayswearmyhelmet.“Mum,itwasnotthehelmeti__62__thatsavedmylife,butsafetyawarenessdid.I’llridemybicyclewithgreatcarelateron!”（2022·广东广州·统考中考真题）阅读短文，根据上下文和所给的首字母写出所缺单词。注意使用正确形式，每空限填一词。答卷时，要求写出完整单词。DunbuangisahistoriccityinGansu.Inancienttimes,Dunhuangwasanimportantc___63___oftrade.AstheSilkRoaddeveloped,DunhuangbecameChina’swesterngatewaytotheworld.Here,differentculturesmetandinfluencedeachother.Peoplefromf___64___countriesdidbusinessandcommunicatedwiththelocalpeople.Ifyouv___65___Dunhuang,youwillbeabletoseetheMogaoCaves（莫高窟）.Ifyouwalki___66___,youwilldiscoversomeofthewonderfulartworks.Thereareover45,000squaremetresofbeautifulpaintingsonthecavewalls,aswellasthousandsofstatues.Overtheyears,ChinahasmadegreateffortstoprotecttheMogaoCaves.Today,youcanalsofindhigh-qualityphotosoftheartworksontheInternet.Peopleallovertheworldnowhaveac___67___toseeDunhuang’streasuresonline.（2022·湖北武汉·统考中考真题）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入适当的单词，单词的第一个字母已给出。ErieGreenhasalwayswonderedaboutthingsthatliveintheocean.Whenhewasy____68____,helovedtoswim.Helikedtowatchallkindsofunderwateranimalsandplantsthroughhismask(潜水面罩).Whenhegrewup,hewantedtol____69____fornewthingsintheocean.Today,Mr.Greenisamarineecologist(海洋生态学家).Hestudieshowunderwateranimalsandplantsconnectwitheachotherandneedeachothertostaya____70____.Mr.Greenstudiescoralreefs(珊瑚)inthePacificOcean.Acoralreefislikeabigunderwatert____71____.Thousandsofanimalsandplantslivethere.Theycompeteforfoodandspacethere.Asaresult,thebeautifulcoralreefsgeti____72____easily.Mr.Greenalsostudieshowpeople’sactionscanchangecoralreefs.Sometimespeoplepollutethewateroroverfish,sothew____73____thatallthelivingthingsarejoinedtogetherhasbeenchanged.Ifcoralreefsgethurt,manyanimalshavetofindnewhomes.Someanimals’n____74____droplow,andsomeanimalsjustdisappear.Mr.Greenwantstop____75____thisfromhappening.Mr.Greenbelievesthatalllivingthingsinacoralreefshouldbek____76____safe.“Underwaterecosystemsarelikeairplanes,”Mr.Greensays.“Theyneedalloftheirpartstoworkcorrectly.”“Totakebettercareofmarinehomes,wefirstmustk____77____them.Onlythroughthat,canweunderstandthegreatinfluencehumanshaveontheseplaces.”Mr.Greensays.（2022·天津·统考中考真题）根据短文内容及首字母提示，填写所缺单词，使短文意思完整。每空限填一词。InthesmallvillagesofKenya(肯尼亚),Africa,mostkidswanttoreadbooks.Butnoroadsgototheirhomes,onlymilesandmilesofsand.Carsandtrucksarenotuseful,s____78____librarybooksarriveonthebacksofcamels.Camelscanhandle(应付)thesandandthebooks.Twocamels,acameldriver,andalibrarian(图书管理员)w____79____tothevillagestogether.Onecamelcarriesabout180kilosofbooks,andtheothercarriesatent.Ateachvillage,thelibrariansetsupthetentandshowstheb____80____tothekidsinside.Twoweekslater,thecamelsc____81____backwithnewbooks.SomepeopleinthemountainsofnorthernThailand(泰国)getbooksinad____82____way.Their“l____83____”arecarriedbyelephants.Theseanimalscanhandlethedifficultjourney.Becausetheyarelarge,theycancarrymanybooksinmetalcases(金属箱).Themetalprotectsthebooksfromtheheavyrainsthatf____84____inthearea.Indonesia(印度尼西亚)hasitsowndifficulties.Thecountryhasover17,000islands.Mostpeoplet____85____byboatandtheyalsocarrytheirbooksbyboat.Alibraryboatholds(容纳)about500booksinboxes.Boxesofbooksareleftinvillagesandaretraded(交换)fornewbooksafewweeksl____86____.Forpeoplewholivefarandcan’tgettoalibrary,alibrarythatcomestothembringsmorethanbooks.Itbringsawholew_____87_____ofinformation.（2022·江苏扬州·统考中考真题）根据短文内容和首字母提示，在下文空格处填入适当的词使短文完整，完整地写出空缺处各单词的正确形式。（每空一词）TheGrandCanal（大运河）isaman-madewaterwaythatrunsnorthandsouthineasternChina.Datingback2,500yearsandstretching1,794kilometers,itisamongtheworld’soldestandl___88___canals.YangzhouChinaGrandCanalMuseumislocatedonthebankoftheancientGrandCanalinYangzhou,oneoftheeightc___89___inJiangsuprovincesittingalongtheGrandCanal.Themuseumo___90___itsdoorstothepubliconJune16,2021.Itcoversanareaofsome80,000squaremeters.Ithastwostructures:afour-storybuildinginthes___91___ofagiantshipwaitingtosetsail,anda100-meter-tallTang-Dynasty-styletower.Themuseumhas11themedexhibitions（展览）.Theyaretellingtheh___92___oftheSui-TangGrandCanalbuiltduringtheSuiandTangDynasties（581-907）,theBeijing-HangzhouGrandCanalandtheEastZhejiangCanal.Thesecanalsofferawealthofhistoricandculturalattractionsw___93___theycontinuetobeusedfortransport,irrigation（灌溉）andfloodcontrol.The25.7-meter-long,8-meter-highancientBianRiversectionisc___94___bymanyasthe“treasureofthemuseum”.Sofar,themuseumhasover10,000exhibits（展品）,including20groupsoflargeones,makingitthebestcollectiontoshowthegrandnessofthecanalandh___95___peoplechangednature.Passingt___96___theexhibitionhallandintotheantiquated（老式的）streets,visitorscanseerestaurantsandshopsalongthestreet,asifwalkinginthewatervillageonthecanalduringtheMingandQingDynasties.YangzhouChinaGrandCanalMuseumisdifferentfromalltheotherm____97____whicharethemedontheGrandCanalinChina.Whynotcomeandvisitityourself?（2022·江苏连云港·统考中考真题）根据短文意思和首字母提示，写出一个完整正确的单词。ErhuisoneofthemostimportantChineseinstruments.Ithasahistoryofo____98____1,000years.Iti