2023年考研外语押题预测卷11

考研外语押题预测卷11

一、UseofEnglish

1、SometimebetweendigestingChristmasdinnerandputting

yourheadbackdowntowork,spareathoughtortwoforthe

cranberry.Itis,ofcourse,a(1)ofChristmas:merry

brightred,bittersweetlydeliciouswithturkeyandthevery

deviltogetoutofthetablecloth(2)spilled.Butthe

cranberryisalsoasymbolofthemodernfoodindustryandin

thetaleofits(3)fromcolonialcuriosityto

business-schoolcasestudy(4)adeeperunderstandingof

theopportunitiesand(5)ofmoderneating.

Thefastestgrowingpartoftoday,scranberrymarketisfor

cranberriesthatdonottastelikecranberries.OceanSpray's

''flavouredfruitpieces”(FFPS,tothetrade)tastelikeorange,

cherry,raspberryorany(6)ofotherfruits.Theyarein

factcranberries.Whymakeacranberrytastelikeanorange?

Mostlybecauseitisa(7)_____littlefruit:FFPShavea

shelf-lifeoftwoyears.Better(8),theykeepachewy

texture(9)baked,unlikethefruitswhoseflavoursthey

mimic,whichturnto(10).

Thedynamicthathasbroughtthecranberrytothispointis

(11)tothedynamicbehindmostmass-producedgoods.

Growing(12)providedthe(13)tocreatecheaperand

morereliablesupply.Cheaperandmorereliablesupply,

(14),createdincentivestofindnewmarkets,which

increaseddemand.Thuswasthe(15)keptchurning.

Thecranberryisoneofonlythreefruitsnative(16)North

America,growingwildfromMainetoNorthCarolina.(Theothers

aretheConcordgrapeandtheblueberry.)TheAmericanIndians

hadseveralnamesforcranberries,many(17)thewordsfor

“bitter"or,more(18),“noisy".Theyatetheberries

mostly(19)pemmican,butalsousedthemfordyeand

medicine.Andtheyintroducedthemtothewhitesettlers—at

thefirstThanksgivingdinnerin1621,itissaid.Thesettlers

promptlyrenamedthisdelicacythe“craneberry”,(20)the

pointypinkblossomsofthecranberrylookabitlikethehead

oftheSandhillcrane.

A.sign

B.trail

C.symbol

D.mark

2、⑵

A.while

B.ifonly

C.longbefore

D.if

3、(3)

A.progress

B.proposition

C.prophet

D.proportion

4、(4)

A.obtain

B.mould

C.assimilate

D.lies

5、(5)

A.dilemmas

B.remedy

C.ingredient

D.remains

6、(6)

A.member

B.number

3

C.kind

D.flavor

7、⑺

A.delicious

B.dubious

C.durable

D.deliberate

8、(8)

A.off

B.than

C.itself

D.still

9、(9)

A.when

B.whether

C.albeit

D.whereas

10、(10)

A.mercury

B.mush

C.muscle

D.mess

4

IK(H)

A.similar

B.feasible

C.inferior

D.incredible

12、(12)

A.command

B.yield

C.demand

D.quantity

13、(13)

A.immensity

B.inadequacy

C.immunity

D.incentive

14、(14)

A.ateveryturn

B.inturn

C.toaturn

D.byturns

15、(15)

A.cycle

5

B.miracle

C.mission

D.carnival

16、(16)

A.from

B.to

C.off

D.beyond

17、(17)

A.qualifying

B.incorporating

C.denoting

D.coining

18、(18)

A.intrinsically

B.marginally

C.intuitively

D.mysteriously

19、(19)

A.in

B.for

C.by

D.through

20、(20)

A.although

B.onlyif

C.because

D.asthough

二、ReadingComprehension

1、PartA

Directions:Readthefollowingfourtexts.Answerthequestions

beloweachtextbychoosingA,B,CorD.(40points)

There'sonethingaboveallwrongwiththenewBritishpostal

codes:noteveryonehasthatsortofmemory.Someofus,of

course,forgetevenh6usenumbersandthepresentpostal

districts,butthatmatterslesswhenthereisahumanbeing

ateverystagetospotthemistake.Whenallthesortingisdone

inoneoperationbyamansittingatamachine,typingspecial

marksontoanenvelope,onesliponyourpartcouldsendyour

letterwayoutsidetheareawherethelocalpostmanora

friendlyneighborknowsyourname.

OtherwisethenewcodesareallthePostOfficesclaims.They

arethemostcarefullydesignedintheworld,idealfor

computers.Aconfusionoflettersandnumbers,theyhavetwo

partsseparatedbythegapinthemiddle.Togethertheyclassify

aletternotonlythecitywhereitisgoingbutrightdownto

theroundoftheparticularpostmanwhoistocarryit,andeven

toagroupofhousesorasinglebigbuilding.Inthelongrun

thiswillspeedthemailandcutcosts.

Thelongrunis10yearsaway,though.Infactthereareonly

12PostOfficesinthecountrywhichhavetherightmachines

fullyworking,andthesystemcannotworkatfullefficiency

untilitisnationwide.YetthePostOfficewantsustostart

usingthecodesnow,sothatweshallbetrainedwhenthe

machinesareready.

Butwillwe?AbusinessmanImet,praisingthevirtuesofthe

newsystem,explainedthatlargecompanies1ikehiscouldhave

codesoftheirown.Whatwashiscode?"Oh,dearme.Nowyou've

gotme.Awfullysorry.HoldonaminutewhileIfindasheet

ofmyheadednotepaper."Thenhereadpainfully,asifspelling

outawordinaforeignlanguage,"W-I-X-6A-B”.

Accordingtothepassage,whatmattersmostinletterdelivery

inBritainisthat

A.thenewpostalcodesmustbememorized

B.housenumbersmustnotbeforgotten

C.presentpostaldistrictsmustbeborneinmind

D.specialmarksonanenvelopemustbeaccurate

2、

TheBritishPostOfficepraisesthecodesas

A.givinganefficientservice

B.beingnewandimproved

C.beingsuitabletobeprocessedbycomputers

D.beingfreefromconfusion

3、

TheBritishcodesaredescribedasbeing

A.lettersspacedout

B.numbersinorder

C.setsoflettersandnumbers

D.lettersandnumbersseparately

4、

Onlywhencanthepostalcodesystemachieveitsfull

efficiency.

A.allthepostofficesinthecountryhavethefightmachines

B.allthepostofficeshavetrainedstaff

C.mostpostofficeshavetherightmachines

D.mostpostofficeshavetrainedstaff

5、

Thebusinessmanfoundthathispostalcodewasdifficult,

A.tofindout

B.toremember

C.towrite

D.tospell

6、Whatweknowofprenataldevelopmentmakesallthisattempt

madebyamothertomoldthecharacterofherunbornchildby

studyingpoetry,artormathematicsduringpregnancyseem

utterlyimpossible.Howcouldsuchextremelycomplex

influencespassfromthemothertothechild?Thereisno

connectionbetweentheirnervoussystems.Eventheblood

vesselsofmotherandchilddonotjoindirectly.Anemotional

shocktothemotherwillaffectherchild,becauseitchanges

theactivityofherglandsandsothechemistryofherblood.

Anychemicalchangeinthemother，sbloodwillaffectthechild

forbetterorworse.Butwecannotseehowalikingfor

mathematicsorpoeticgeniuscanbedissolvedinbloodand

produceasimilarlikingorgeniusinthechild.

Inourdiscussionofinstinctswesawthattherewasreasonto

believethatwhateverweinheritmustbeofsomeverysimple

sortratherthananycomplicatedorverydefinitekindof

behavior.Itiscertainthatnooneinheritsaknowledgeof

mathematics.Itmaybe,however,thatchildreninheritmoreor

lessofarather,generalabilitythatwemaycallintelligence.

Ifveryintelligentchildrenbecomedeeplyinterestedin

mathematics,theywillprobablymakeasuccessofthatstudy.

Asformusicalability,itmaybethatwhatisinheritedifan

especiallysensitiveear,apeculiarstructureofthehandsor

ofthevocalorgansconnectionsbetweennervesandmusclesthat

makeitcomparativelyeasytolearnthemovementsamusician

mustexecute,andparticularlyvigorousemotions.Ifthese

factorsareallorganizedaroundmusicthechildmaybecomea

musician.Thesamefactors,inothercircumstance,mightbe

organizedaboutsomeothercenterofinterest.Therich

emotionalequipmentmightfindexpressioninpoetry.The

capablefingersmightdevelopskillinsurgery.Itisnotthe

knowledgeofmusicthatmakesitcomparativelyeasytoacquire

musicalknowledgeandskill.Whetherthatabilityshallbe

directedtowardmusicorsomeotherundertakingmaybedecided

entirelybyforcesintheenvironmentinwhichachildgrows

up.

Whichofthefollowingisnottrue?.

A.Somemotherstrytoinfluencetheirunbornchildren

studyingartandothersubjectsduringtheirpregnancy

B.Itisutterlyimpossibleforustolearnanythingin

prenataldevelopment

C.Thebloodvesselsofmotherandchilddonotjoindirectly

D.Therearenoconnectionbetweenmother'snervoussystemand

herunbornchild，s

7、

Amotherwillaffectherunbornbabyif.

A.sheisemotionallyshocked

B.shehasagoodknowledgeofinheritance

C.shetakespartinallkindsofactivities

D.shestickstostudying

8、

Accordingtothepassage,achildmayinherit.

A.everythingfromhismother

B.aknowledgeofmathematics

C.arathergeneralabilitythatwecallintelligence

D.hermother'smusicalability

9、

Ifachildinheritssomethingfromhismother,suchasan

especiallysensitiveear,apeculiarstructureofthehandsor

ofthevocalorgans,hewill.

A.surelybecomeamusician

B.mostlybecomeapoet

C.possiblybecomeadoctor

D.becomeamusicianontheconditionthatal1thesefactors

areorganizedaroundmusic

10、

Whichofthefollowingisanappropriatetitleforthe

passage?.

A.RoleofInheritance

B.AnUnbornChild

C.FunctionofInstincts

D.PoetryandMusic

11、Morethanoneintenpeoplewhoareregularlyexposedto

organophosphatepesticides（有机磷酸脂农药）willsuffer

unrecoverablephysicalandmentaldamage,ateamof

psychiatristswarns.Theinvestigatorssaythattheirsisthe

firstseriousattempttoestimatethenumberofpeople

sufferingbecauseofchroniclow-levelexposuretothe

pesticides.

“Thisisaworryinghighlevelofillness,“saysoneresearcher.

Thefindingsbytheresearcher,whoalsotreatsmanyofthe

victims,conflictwiththoseoftheBritain'sgovernmentagency

monitoringoccupationalhealth,whichsaysthereisnogood

evidencetosuggestchronicexposureleadstowidespread

illness.Theresearchteamsentquestionnairesto400farmers

selectedatrandomfromaphonebook.Of179whoreplied,130

reportedthattheyhadbeenexposedtoorganophosphates.And

21farmerscomplainedofenoughsymptomstobeclassedas

sufferingfromorganophosphatepoisoning.Allowingforbias

inherentinthesurveymethod,theysuggestthataround10

percentoffarmersexposedtothepesticidessufferfrom

poisoning.

Theresearchersalsouncoveredaconsistentpatternofsymptoms

rangingfromextremetirednessandspeechdifficultyto

suicidalimpulses.Againthiscontrastswiththegovernment

agency，sviewthatthereisnoclearpatternofsymptomsfor

pesticidepoisoning,makingadiagnosisdifficult.

Theybelievetherealfigureforpoisoningismuchhigher,once

youincludecancersandheartdiseaselinkedtothepesticide.

Lastyear,Britishspecialistsalsofoundevidenceofalink

betweenorganophosphatesandsevereboneabnormalitiesin

eightmen.Oneoftheresearchers,AnthonyLyonsofQueen's

MedicalcentreinNottingham,sayspreliminaryresultsfroma

largerfollow-upstudysuggesttheextentofbonedamagemay

beworsethantheyfeared.

Allthosewhosufferfromorganophosphatepoisoningcomplain

ofbecoming“exquisitelysensitive"toanyfurtherexposure.

ThisisbadnewsforanyGulfWarveteranssentbacktothe

MiddleEast.Manyscientistsanddoctorsareconvincedthat

GulfWarSyndromeisatleastpartlycausedbyorganophosphate

pesticides,whichweresprayedintentsandonclothesto

protecttroopsfrombitinginsects.

AspokesmanforBritain，sMinistryofDefensesaysthereare

noimmediateplanstosendgroundtroopstotheGulf.Butthe

USismoving5,000troopsintotheregion.Returningtroops

“wouldbemorevulnerabletopoisoning”,saysoneoftheleading

USauthoritiesonsuchpoisoning.

Inwhichareadothefindingsoftheresearchershave

conflictionwiththoseBritain，sHealthandSafety

Executive(HSE),thegovernmentagencymonitoringoccupational

health?.

A.Whetherexposuretoorganophosphatewilldoanyharmtoman

B.Whetherchronicexposuretoorganophosphatewouldleadto

widespreadillness

C.Whetheritisworthwhiletofindoutthenumberofpeople

sufferingfromorganophosphatepoisoning

D.Whetherorganophosphateisagoodpesticide

12、

Amongthefarmersinvestigated,howmanyofthemclaimedto

besufferingfromorganophosphatepoisoning?

A.179

B.130

C.21

D.10%

13、

Whichofthefollowingisexcludedinasymptomof

organophosphatepoisoning?

A.Exhaustion

B.Speechdifficulty

C.Impulsestokilloneself

D.Impulsetocommitcrimes

14、

Whichoftiefollowingillnesseshasbeenprovedtobelinked

withorganophosphatepoisoning?

A.Cancer

B.Heartdisease

C.Boneabnormalities

D.Alloftheabove

15、

WhatisconsideredtobebadnewsforGulfWarveterans?

A.Theywillbemorevulnerabletopoisoning

B.Theywillbeexposedmoretoorganophosphate

C.TheIraqtroopswillusechemicalweaponstopoisonthem

D.TheGulfWarwillstartsoonagain

16、Sciencehaslongsincehadanuneasyrelationshipwith

otheraspectsofculture.ThinkofGalileo,s17th-centurytrial

forhisrebellingbelieftheCatholicChurchorpoetWilliam

Black,sharshremarksagainstthemechanisticworldviewof

IsaacNewton.Theschismbetweenscienceandthehumanitieshas,

ifanything,deepenedinthiscentury.

Untilrecently,thescientificcommunitywassopowerfulthat

itcouldaffordtoignoreitscritics-butnolonger.Asfunding

forsciencehasdeclined,scientistshaveattacked

'antiscience'inseveralbooks,notablyHigherSuperstition,

byPaulR.Gross,abiologistattheUniversityofVirginia,

andNormanLevitt,amathematicianatRutgersUniversity;and

TheDemon-HauntedWorld,byCarlSaganofCornellUniversity.

Defendersofsciencehavealsovoicedtheirconcernsat

meetingssuchas“TheFlightfromScienceandReason”,heldin

NewYorkCityin1995,and"ScienceintheAgeof(Miss)

information”,whichassembledlastJunenearBuffalo.

Antiscienceclearlymeansdifferentthingstodifferentpeople;

GrossandLevittfindfaultprimarilywithsociologists,

philosophersandotheracademicswhohavequestionedsciences

objectivity.Saganismoreconcernedwiththosewhobelievein

ghosts,creationismandotherphenomenathatcontradictthe

scientificworldview.

Asurveyofnewsstoriesin1996revealsthattheantiscience

taghasbeenattachedtomanyothergroupsaswell,from

authoritieswhoadvocatedtheeliminationofthelastremaining

stocksofsmallpoxvirustoRepublicanswhoadvocateddecreased

fundingforbasicresearch.

FewwoulddisputethatthetermappliestotheUnabomber,those

manifesto,publishedin1995,scornsscienceandlongsfor

returntoapretechnologicalutopia.Butsurelythatdoesnot

meanenvironmentalistsconcernedaboutuncontrolled

industrialgrowthareantiscience,asanessayinUSNews

WorldReportlastMayseemedtosuggest.

Theenvironmentalists,inevitably,respondtosuchcritics.

Thetrueenemiesofscience,arguesPaulEhrlichofStanford

University,apioneerofenvironmentalstudies,arethosewho

questiontheevidencesupportingglobalwarming,thedepletion

oftheozonelayerandotherconsequencesofindustrialgrowth.

Indeed,someobserversfearthattheantiscienceepithetisin

dangerofbecomingmeaningless."Theterm'antiscience，can

lumptogethertoomany,quitedifferentthings”,notesHarvard

UniversityphilosopherGeraldHoltoninhis1993workScience

andAnti-Science."Theyhaveincommononlyonethingthatthey

tendtoannoyorthreatenthosewhoregardthemselvesasmore

enlightened.

Theword"schism”(Para.1)inthecontextprobably

means______

A.confrontation

B.dissatisfaction

C.separation

D.contempt

17、

Paragraphs2and3arewrittento

A.discussthecauseofthedeciineofsciencespower

B.showtheauthorssympathywithscientists

C.explainthewayinwhichsciencedevelop

D.exemplifythedivisionofscienceandthehumanities

18、

Whichofthefollowingistrueaccordingtothepassage?

A.Environmentalistswereblamedforantiscienceinanessay

B.Politiciansarenotsubjecttothelabelingofantiscience

C.The"moreenlightened“tendtotagothersasantiscience

D.Taggingenvironmentalistsas"antiscience“isjustifiable

19、

Theauthorsattitudetowardtheissueof"sciencevs.

antiscience"is

A.impartial

B.subjective

C.biased

D.puzzling

20、

Whichofthefollowingwouldbethebesttitle?

A.ScienceWillBeatAntiscience

B.TheDangerofAntiscience

C.ScienceIsGoingNowhere

D.TheIssueofScienceandAntiscience

21、PartB(10points)

Inthefollowingtext,somesentenceshavebeenremoved.For

Questions41-45,choosethemostsuitableonefromthelist(A、

C、D、E、F、G...)tofitintoeachofthenumberedblank.

Thereareseveralextrachoices,whichdonotfitinanyofthe

gaps.(10points)

Conventionalwisdominthethirtysomethingeradeclaresthat

theAmericanmarriageisinserioustrouble:asky-highdivorce

rate,newstressesandtensionsinthesexwarsandeasy

opportunitiesforextramaritaladventures.Notso,according

toanewsurveyconductedbyGallupforPsychologyTodayand

twonationalTVprograms,KingWorld'sInsideEditionandABC's

HOME.Althoughsomeexpertsquestionitsaccuracy,thepoll

indicatesAmericansaresurprisingandhappilymonogamous.

(41).

ThepolTsfindingswillappearinPsychologyToday'sMarch

issue,alongwithananalysiswrittenbythemagazine(seditor

inchief,T.GeorgeHarris,andtheorchestratorofthesurvey,

FatherAndrewGreeley.(42).Consideringthewidespread

publicitygiventomaritalcheating,Greeleyadmitsthatthe

surveyresultsweresomethingofasurprise.，z"Peoplemaytalk

morethantheyactuallydo."SaysthecelibateRomanCatholic

priest,whoplanstoexpand,hisresearchintoabook

tentativelycalledFaithfulAttraction."Boastingaboutone's

sexualachievementisnothingnew.Notmanypeopleboastabout

beingvirtuous.，zAddsHarris:"Thesecretsideofsexis

faithfulness.z，

(43).Fouroffivesaidtheywouldwedthesameperson

again,giventhechance.Threeoutoffourdescribedtheir

spousesasphysicallyattractive.Accordingtothepoll,the

threekeyfactorsinmakingamarriagehappyarecommunication,

cooperationinchildrearingandhouseworkandhavinga

romanticimageofone'spartner.Some20%ormoresaidthey

occasionallyindulgedinsucheroticactivitiesastaking

showerswiththeirspouses,makingloveoutdoorsandwatching

X-ratedvideostogether.Bymodeststatisticalmargins,

Catholicsappeartobemoresexuallyadventurousthan

Protestants.

HarrisandGreeleyarguethatthenationmaybeexperiencing

anegativebacklashtothesexualrevolution.Theynote,for

example,that51%ofwomenunder35regrettedhavinghada

premaritalsexualencounter(thoughonly16%ofmenfeltthat

way).(44).

(45).SaysJuneReinisch,directoroftheKinsey

InstituteinBloomington,Ind.:“Weestimatethat

approximately37%ofmarriedmenand29%ofmarriedwomenhave

atleastoneextramaritalaffair.，zAsurveyconductedby

LillianRubin,asociologistatQueensCollegeinNewYorkCity,

showsa40%infidelityrateforspouses.GreeleyandHarrishave

twoexplanationsforthedisparitybetweentheirpolFsresults

andtheconventionalwisdom:(1)mostsexualsurveysareeither

obsoleteorunscientific;(2)peoplearevictimsofwhatthe

authorscall''pluralisticignorance.，zTranslation:erroneous

beliefssharedbysomeindividualsaboutotherpeople.Eventhe

enchantedspousesintheP.T.Polldidnotbelievetheir

commitmenttofidelitywaswidelyshared.

A.Greeley,aprofessorofsociologyattheUniversityof

Arizona,isprobablybestknownaswhatsomemagazinesmight

cal1anun-bosomydirty-bookwriter;hispopnovels(The

CardinalSins;St.Valentine，sNight)regularlymakethebest

sellercharts.

B.Communicationseemstobethefirstofallkeyfactorsin

makingamarriagesmooth,since

therearesomepossiblemeansforpeopletodaytoerase

misunderstandings.

C.Therearesomesharpchallengestothepoll'sroseateview

ofAmericanwedlock.

D.Nearlytwo-thirdsofthepolTs657randomlyselected

respondents,whowerequeriedbytelephoneshortlybefore

Christmas,saidtheywere"veryhappy"intheirmarriage.

E.Lackofsexeducationforyoung,peopleisalsooneofthe

reasonsforhighdivorcerate.

F.Thesur

22、(42)

23、(43)

24、(44)

25、(45)

26、PartC

Directions:Readthefollowingtextcarefullyandthen

translatetheunderlinedsegmentsintoChinese.(10points)

WorldTradeOrga