高考真题词汇与长难句分析任务单

Part6高考真题二次开发2019年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试(全国卷I)D

体裁：说明文题材：人与社会——社会服务与人际沟通——人物个性语篇长度：363文章出处:

Duringtherosyyearsofelementaryschool（小学）,Ienjoyedsharingmydollsandjokes,whichallowedmetokeepmyhighsocialstatus.Iwasthequeenoftheplayground.Thencamemytweensandteens,andmeangirlsandcoolkids.Theyroseintheranksnotbybeingfriendlybutbysmokingcigarettes,breakingrulesandplayingjokesonothers,amongwhomIsoonfoundmyself.Popularityisawellexploredsubjectinsocialpsychology.MitchPrinstein,aprofessorofclinicalpsychologysortsthepopularintotwocategories:thelikableandthestatusseekers.Thelikables’playswellwithothersqualitiesstrengthenschoolyardfriendships,jumpstartinterpersonalskillsand,whentappedearly,areemployedeverafterinlifeandwork.Thenthere’sthekindofpopularitythatappearsinadolescence:statusbornofpowerandevendishonorablebehavior.Enviableasthecoolkidsmayhaveseemed,Dr.Prinstein’sstudiesshowunpleasantconsequences.Thosewhowerehighestinstatusinhighschool,aswellasthoseleastlikedinelementaryschool,are“mostlikelytoengage（从事）indangerousandriskybehavior.”Inonestudy,Dr.Prinsteinexaminedthetwotypesofpopularityin235adolescents,scoringtheleastliked,themostlikedandthehighestinstatusbasedonstudentsurveys（调查研究）.“Wefoundthattheleastwelllikedteenshadbeemoreaggressiveovertimetowardtheirclassmates.Butsohadthosewhowerehighinstatus.Itclearlyshowedthatwhilelikabilitycanleadtohealthyadjustment,highstatushasjusttheoppositeeffectonus."Dr.Prinsteinhasalsofoundthatthequalitiesthatmadetheneighborswantyouonaplaydatesharing,kindness,openness—carryovertolateryearsandmakeyoubetterabletorelateandconnectwithothers.Inanalyzinghisandotherresearch，Dr.Prinsteincametoanotherconclusion:Notonlyislikabilityrelatedtopositivelifeoutes,butitisalsoresponsibleforthoseoutes,too."Beinglikedcreatesopportunitiesforlearningandfornewkindsoflifeexperiencesthathelpsomebodygainanadvantage,”hesaid.32.Whatsortofgirlwastheauthorinherearlyyearsofelementaryschool?A.Unkind. B.Lonely. C.Generous. D.Cool.33.Whatisthesecondparagraphmainlyabout？A.Theclassificationofthepopular. B.Thecharacteristicsofadolescents.C.Theimportanceofinterpersonalskills. D.Thecausesofdishonorablebehavior.34.WhatdidDr.Prinstein’sstudyfindaboutthemostlikedkids?A.Theyappearedtobeaggressive. B.Theytendedtobemoreadaptable.C.Theyenjoyedthehigheststatus. D.Theyperformedwellacademically.35.Whatisthebesttitleforthetext?A.BeNiceYouWon’tFinishLast B.TheHighertheStatus,theBeerC.BetheBestYouCanMakeIt D.MoreSelfControl,LessAggressiveness文章结构：长难句分析原文：Theyroseintheranksnotbybeingfriendlybutbysmokingcigarettes,breakingrulesandplayingjokesonothers,amongwhomIsoonfoundmyself.分析:not...but理解为“不是...而是”，whom引导了一个定语从句，其先行词为they，amongwhom理解为“在他们当中”。译文:他们地位的提升，不是靠待人友好，而是靠抽烟、违反规则和开别人的玩笑，我很快就发现自己也在他们当中。原句:Thelikables’playswellwithothersqualities

strengthen

schoolyardfriendships,jumpstartinterpersonalskillsand,whentappedearly,

areemployed

everafterinlifeandwork.分析：此句有三个并列谓语，分别是strengthen;jumpstart;

areemployed，其中jumpstart的意思是“全力以赴启动”；when引导的时间状语从句出现了省略现象，省略了主语和系动词，补充完整则为whenthelikables’playswellwithothersqualitiesaretapped.译文：讨人喜欢的人身上这种能与他人相处融洽的品质，可以增强校园友谊，促进人际交往能力，并且如果这种品质能够被早些挖掘的话，就能够在日后的生活和工作中得到应用。原文：Wefound

thattheleastwelllikedteens

hadbee

moreaggressiveovertimetowardtheirclassmates.Butsohad

those

whowerehighinstatus.分析：句子中的“so+

情态动词/

系动词

/助动词

+

主语”结构，翻译为“......也一样”；关系代词who引导的定语从句，修饰先行词those。译文：我们发现，随着时间的推移，最不受欢迎的青少年会变得对他们的同学更有攻击性。而那些在学校地位高的人也会如此。原文：Dr.Prinsteinhasalsofoundthatthequalitiesthatmadetheneighborswantyouonaplaydatesharing,kindness,opennesscarryovertolateryearsandmakeyoubetterabletorelateandconnectwithothers.分析：foundthat...为宾语从句，thequalities后的that引导定语从句，先行词为qualities；playdate一般是指“邻居间孩子的玩耍约定”。译文：普林斯坦博士还发现，那些使得邻居们想让你和他们一起玩的品质，如分享、友善、开放等品质，会一直延续到你以后的生活，让你更好地与他人相处和联系。必背句型原句:Enviableasthecoolkidsmayhaveseemed,

Dr.Prinstein’sstudies

show

unpleasantconsequences.分析：本句是一个由as引导的让步状语从句。as和though翻译为“尽管”时，引导的从句可以用倒装语序，其结构为：形容词

/

名词

/

副词/

动词原形

+as/though+

主语……。译文：尽管这些酷孩子可能看起来令人羡慕，但普林斯坦博士的研究显示了不好的结果。原句:Notonlyislikabilityrelatedtopositivelifeoutes,butitisalsoresponsibleforthoseoutes,too.分析：notonly置于句首时，notonly的前半部分将引起部分倒装（将情态动词/

系动词

/助动词提到主语前面），butalso后句子顺序不变。译文：可爱不仅与积极的生活结果有关，而且也是这些结果产生的缘由。熟词生义：tap熟义n.水龙头;轻拍生义v.开发；发掘（已有资源）原文:Thelikables’playswellwithothersqualitiesstrengthenschoolyardfriendships,jumpstartinterpersonalskillsand,whentappedearly,areemployedeverafterinlifeandwork.译文：讨人喜欢的人身上这种能与他人相处融洽的品质，可以增强校园友谊，促进人际交往能力，并且如果这种品质能够被早些挖掘的话，就能够在日后的生活和工作中得到使用。分析：tap在本句中理解为“tomakeuseofasourceofenergy,knowledge,etc.thatalreadyexists”，翻译为开发或发掘。employ熟义：v.雇佣生义：v.利用；使用原文/译文:同上句分析：employ在本句中意为“use”。必背词汇rosyadj.美好的dolln.玩偶tapv.开发，发掘(已有的资源、知识等)employv.应用，运用scorev.给……打分，评分aggressiveadj.好斗的categoryn.类别outen.结果adjustmentn.适应力高频核心词mean[miːn]adj.吝啬的；不友好的popularity[ˌpɑːpjuˈlærəti]n.普及;流行;受欢迎strengthen[ˈstreŋθn]v.加强;增强;巩固conclusion[kənˈkluːʒn]n.结论;推论考纲词汇派生词wellexplored广泛研究的likable可爱的jumpstart提升dishonorable[dɪsˈɑ:nərəb]adj.不名誉的，可耻的clinical[ˈklɪnɪkl]adj.临床的;无情的interpersonal人际的enviable[ˈenviəbl]adj.值得羡慕的risky有风险的unpleasant不愉快的openness开放课标外词汇academically[ˌækə'demɪklɪ]adv.学业上地；学术方面地adolescence[ˌædəˈlesns]n.青春期;青春tween[twiːn]n.10至12岁之间的少年核心短语breakrules违反规章playjokeson戏弄，拿……开玩笑clinicalpsychology临床心理学sort…into把……分成statusseekers追求地位的人interpersonalskills人际交往技巧statusbornofpower由权力而产生的地位havetheoppositeeffecton对……有相反的作用etotheconclusion得出结论berelatedto与……有关beresponsiblefor是……的原因gainanadvantage获得优势highsocialstatus社会地位高

(2018·全国III卷·七选五)Beforetherewasthewrittenword,therewasthelanguageofdance.Danceexpressesloveandhate,joyandsorrow,lifeanddeath,andeverythingelseinbetween.____36____WedancefromFloridatoAlaska,fromnorthtosouthandseatosea.Wedanceatweddings,birthdays,officepartiesandjusttofillthetime.“Iadoredancing,”saysLesterBridges,theownerofadancestudioinIowa.“Ican’timaginedoinganythingelsewithmylife.”Bridgesrunsdanceclassesforallages.“Teachingdanceiswonderful._____37_____It’sgreattowatchthem.Formanyofthem,it’sawayofmeetingpeopleandhavingasociallife.”____38____“Icantellyouaboutoneyoungcouple,”saysBridges.“They’relearningtodotraditionaldances.Theyarriveattheclassinlowspiritsandtheyleavewithasmile.______39______”So,dowedanceinordertomakeourselvesfeelbetter,calmer,healthier?AndreaHilliersays,“Dance,likethepatternofabeatingheart,islife.Evenafteralltheseyears,Iwanttogetbetterandbetter._____40_____Ifindithardtostop!DancingremindsmeI’malive.”A.Sowhydowedance?B.DanceintheU.S.iseverywhere.C.Ifyoulikedancingoutdoors,etoAmerica.D.Myolderstudentssayitmakesthemfeelyoung.E.IkeeppracticingevenwhenI’mextremelytired.F.Dancingseemstochangetheirfeelingpletely.G.Theystayedupallnight