福建永春一中培元中学季延中学石光中学2023-2024学年高三上学期期中联考英语试题

永春一中培元中学季延中学石光中学2024届高三年第一次联合考试试卷(英语科)考试时间：120分钟满分：150分第一部分听力(共两节，满分30分)做题时，先将答案标在试卷上。录音内容结束后，你将有两分钟的时间将试卷上的答案转涂到答题卡上。第一节(共5小题;每小题分，满分分)听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。例：Howmuchistheshirt?A.£19.15.B.£9.18.C.£9.15.答案是C。1.WhatwillthewomanspendmostofhertimedoinginSydney?A.GoingtravelingB.LearningEnglish.C.Visitingherfriends.2.Wherearethespeakersprobably?A.Inalibrary.B.Inasupermarket.C.Inasportsclub.3.Whatarethespeakersmainlytalkingabout?A.Writingessays.B.Judgingpoems.C.Readingnovels.4.Whatistheprobablerelationshipbetweenthespeakers?A.Workmates.B.Oldclassmates.C.Teacherandstudent.5.Whatdoesthemansayaboutthewriter?A.He’sveryfriendly.B.Heisagreatwriter.C.Hehasagoodpublicimage.第二节(共15小题;每小题分，满分分)听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟;听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。听第6段材料，回答第6、7题。6.Whoisthewomanprobably?A.Abankclerk.B.Ahotelworker.C.Ashopassistant.7.Whatdoesthemanwanttodo?A.Getsomecash.B.Settlehisbill.C.Applyforacard.听第7段材料，回答第8、9题。8.Howlonghasthemanworkedatthenewschool?A.Aboutonemonth.B.Aboutthreemonths.C.Aboutfivemonths.9.Whatwasthedepartmenthead’sattitudetowardtheman’snewteachingmethods?A.Unclear.B.Disapproving.C.Supportive.听第8段材料，回答第10至12题。10.Whatwasthewomandoinginthebeginning?A.Takingaphoto.B.Adjustingacamera.C.Sendinganemail.11.WhatdoesJennywanttodo?A.Makeavideo.B.Buyanalbum.C.Writeablog.12.Wherewillthewomanprobablygonext?A.Mr.Brown’s.B.Theoperahouse.C.Thecostumeshop.听第9段材料，回答第13至16题。13.WhydidthemandotheprojectlastDecember?A.Toreducestress.B.Towritehispapers.C.Tolearnaboutoceans.14.Whatplayedacrucialrolewhenthemanchosehisidealproject?A.HistimeB.Hismajor.C.Hispreference.15.Howlongdidtheprojectlast?A.Aboutonemonth.B.Abouttwomonths.C.Aboutthreemonths.16.Whatdidthemandoeverydayduringtheproject?A.Heremovedunderwaterwaste.B.Hecleanedthebeaches.C.Heresearchedcoraltypes.听第10段材料，回答第17至20题。17.HowmuchmoneydidTreyusetogetstarted?A.$510.B.$350.C.$280.18.HowdidTreydealwiththefirstsumofmoneyhemade?A.Hegaveitaway.B.Hespentitonatrip.C.Heinvesteditinhispany.19.WhatdoesTreywanttodonext?A.Setupafoundation.B.Takeupdoingebusiness.C.Findaninvestmentpartner.20.Whoisthespeakerprobablytalkingto?A.Journalists.B.Collegestudents.C.Fashiondesigners.第二部分阅读(共两节，满分50分)第一节(共15小题;每小题分，满分分)阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。AEnterthe2023ShortStorypetitionHereArianaFaishaslotsofbooksonhershelfbutonetakesprideofplace(显要位置).It’sherownstory,TheUnexpectedFriendship,whichwaspublishedaftershewontheKidsNewsShortStorypetitionafewyearsbackasaGrade2student.Nowaged11andinGrade5,Arianaisawriterofstoriesandpoetry.AswellasherShortStorypetitionvictoryin2020,Arianawasarunnerup(亚军)inlastyear’sevent.Andshe’salreadytossingaround(辗转不安)newplotideasforthisyear.AbouttheShortStorypetitionTheKidsNewsShortStorypetitionrunsfromMay1to26andisfreetoenter.Thepetitionhasfouragegroups:KindergartentoYear2;Years34;Years56andYears79.Storiesmustbebetween250and750wordsforstudentsinKindergartentoYear4andbetween500and1,000wordsforstudentsinYears5to9.Agroupofjudges,ledbyawardwinningauthorJackieFrench,willchoosethewinningentries,withshortstoriesofthefirstprizewinnerineachagecategorypublishedintoaprintedbookwithapersonallydesignedcover.Forthefirsttime,eachagecategorywinnerwillalsoreceiveaHarperCollinsChildren’sBooksMentorship,whichwillincludepersonalizedfeedback(反馈)ontheirstoryfromtheHarperCollinseditorialteamandthechancetoaskthemaboutwritingandpublishing.Teacherscansubmittheirstudents’entriesusingtheonlineentryfrombelow.1.WhyisArianaFaismentionedinParagraph1?A.Tospreadherstory. B.Toadmireherability.C.Toattractparticipants. D.Topromotethetalent.2.Whatisthemaximumnumberofwordsforaneightyearoldcontestant?A250words. B.500words. C.750words. D.1.000words.3.Whowillmunicatewiththewinnersaboutwritingandpublishing?A.ArianaFais. B.JackieFrench.C.Severaljudges. D.HarperCollinseditors.【答案】1.C2.D3.D【解析】【导语】这是一篇应用文。文章主要介绍2023年短篇小说大赛的一些参赛信息。1题详解】推理判断题。由文章第一段“ArianaFaishaslotsofbooksonhershelfbutonetakesprideofplace(显要位置).It’sherownstory,TheUnexpectedFriendship,whichwaspublishedaftershewontheKidsNewsShortStorypetitionafewyearsbackasaGrade2student.Nowaged11andinGrade5,Arianaisawriterofstoriesandpoetry.AswellasherShortStorypetitionvictoryin2020,Arianawasarunnerup(亚军)inlastyear’sevent.Andshe’salreadytossingaround(辗转不安)newplotideasforthisyear.(ArianaFais的书架上有很多书，但有一本书是最引以为豪的。这是她自己的故事《意外的友谊》，几年前她还是一名二年级学生，赢得了儿童新闻短篇小说比赛的冠军后出版。Ariana现在11岁，上五年级，是一名故事和诗歌作家。除了在2020年的短篇小说比赛中获胜外，Ariana还在去年的比赛中获得亚军。而且她已经在考虑今年的新情节了。)”可知，作者提到Ariana是为了吸引大家参与今年的比赛。故选C项。【2题详解】细节理解题。由文章第二段“Storiesmustbebetween250and750wordsforstudentsinKindergartentoYear4andbetween500and1,000wordsforstudentsinYears5to9.(幼儿园至四岁的学生的故事必须在250到750字之间，五岁至九岁的学生必须在500到1000字之间。)”可知，8岁的参赛者小说字数最多1000字。故选D项。【3题详解】细节理解题。由文章最后一段“Forthefirsttime,eachagecategorywinnerwillalsoreceiveaHarperCollinsChildren’sBooksMentorship,whichwillincludepersonalizedfeedback(反馈)ontheirstoryfromtheHarperCollinseditorialteamandthechancetoaskthemaboutwritingandpublishing.(每个年龄段的获奖者还将首次获得HarperCollins儿童图书辅导，其中包括HarperCollins编辑团队对他们故事的个性化反馈，以及询问他们写作和出版的机会。)”可知，HarperCollins编辑会与获奖者就写作和出版进行沟通。故选D项。BFashionalwaysinfluencespeople,IsabellaSpringmuhlTejadafromGuatemala,oneofthefirstprofessionalfashiondesignerwithDownsyndrome,isprovingthatfashiongoesbeyondnormallimits.Tejadawhodiscoveredherhobbyinchildhoodsaid,“Ithinkthatfashiondesignisinmyblood.”Afterall,hergrandmotherhadastudiowheresheproducedGuatemalanstyleclothing.And,whenshewasyoung,Tejada’smothergaveherfashionmagazinestoread.Tejadaspenthoursofherchildhoodreadingthemagazinesanddesigningpaperdressesforherdolls.Bythetimeshereachedhighschool,Tejadahaddecidedtoentertheworld.AfterbeingrefusedbyseveralfashionschoolsbecauseofherDownsyndrome,Tejadafoundherownpath.Shesignedupforaclothingmakingcourse,whereshebegantomakeclothingfor“worrydolls”,fingersizedtraditionalGuatemalandolls.Andshecreatedlifesizeddollsanddressedtheminthecolorfulclothesthatshe’snowfamousfor.ThisdesignexperiencegreatlyhelpedTejada.ShefellinlovewithtraditionalGuatemalanpatternsandcolors.Sheexplained,“I’mluckytoworkwithtraditionalcloth,inspiredbyourcultureandrepresentingourcountry.”TejadaalsopioneeredfashiondesignforpeoplewithDownsyndrome.Shesaid,“Itisdifficultforpeoplelikemetofindsuitableclothes.Wecanbeshorterorweaker.That’swhyIdecidedtodesignclothesthatwouldbeperfectforpeoplewithDownsyndrome.”Tejadahascreatedherbrand,DowntoXjabelle.Thenewbrandtookoffrightaway.ItmadeitallthewaytoLondonFashionWeek.Andthegreatdesignerhasplansforthefutureaswell.Tejadasaid,“IwantpeopleallovertheworldtoknowmydesignsandtoknowthatpeoplewithDownsyndromecandowhattheysetouttodo.Iwanttobeabletoliveonmyown.”4.WhatawakenedTejada’sloveforfashiondesign?A.Hervisittoadesignschool. B.Herfamily’sstronginfluence.C.Hereffortstofightherdisease. D.Herworkexperienceinafamouspany.5WhateffectdiddesigningclothesfordollshaveonTejada?A.Itprovedherabilitytorunabusiness.B.Itinspiredhertolearnaboutdifferentcultures.C.Itstrengthenedherwishtotravelaroundtheworld.D.Itincreasedherinterestintraditionaldesignstyles.6.WhatdoesTejadawanttoconveythroughherwordsinthelastparagraph?A.Shewon’tletherdisabilitylimither.B.Herillnesshasbeensuccessfullycured.C.Herbrandisfacingseriouspetition.DShecan’tpleasenormalcustomerswithherdesignideas.7.Whatmaybethebesttitleforthetext?A.Aspecialdesignerturnsherdreamintoreality.B.Fashioniscloselyconnectedwithdailylife.C.Learnthevalueoftraditionalculture.D.Developahobbyfromanearlyage.【答案】4.B5.D6.A7.A【解析】【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要叙述了患有唐氏综合症的Tejada从小就想进入时尚领域，后来她克服重重困难，成功把梦想变为现实的故事。【4题详解】细节理解题。根据第二段“Afterall,hergrandmotherhadastudiowheresheproducedGuatemalanstyleclothing.And,whenshewasyoung,Tejada’smothergaveherfashionmagazinestoread.(毕竟，她的祖母有一个制作危地马拉风格服装的工作室。小的时候，特哈达的妈妈给她看时尚杂志。)”可知，她家庭的强大影响唤醒了Tejada对时装设计的热爱。故选B。【5题详解】细节理解题。根据第三段“ShefellinlovewithtraditionalGuatemalanpatternsandcolors.Sheexplained,“I’mluckytoworkwithtraditionalcloth,inspiredbyourcultureandrepresentingourcountry.”(她爱上了危地马拉传统的图案和颜色。她解释说：“我很幸运能与传统布料合作，受到我们文化的启发，代表了我们的国家。”)”可知，为娃娃设计衣服增加了Tejada对传统设计风格的兴趣。故选D。【6题详解】推理判断题。根据最后一段“Tejadasaid,“IwantpeopleallovertheworldtoknowmydesignsandtoknowthatpeoplewithDownsyndromecandowhattheysetouttodo.Iwanttobeabletoliveonmyown.”(Tejada说：“我想让全世界的人都知道我的设计，让他们知道唐氏综合症患者可以做他们想做的事情。我希望能够独立生活。”)”可推断，Tejada的这段话是想传达她不会让自身的缺陷限制自己。故选A。【7题详解】主旨大意题。根据第一段“Fashionalwaysinfluencespeople,IsabellaSpringmuhlTejadafromGuatemala,oneofthefirstprofessionalfashiondesignerwithDownsyndrome,isprovingthatfashiongoesbeyondnormallimits.(时尚总是影响着人们，来自危地马拉的IsabellaSpringmuhlTejada是第一批患有唐氏综合症的专业时装设计师之一，她证明了时尚超越了正常的限制。)”及全文可知，本文主要叙述了患有唐氏综合症的Tejada从小就想进入时尚领域，后来她克服重重困难，成功把梦想变为现实的故事。所以“Aspecialdesignerturnsherdreamintoreality.(一位特别的设计师把她的梦想变成了现实。)”作为文章标题最为合适。故选A。CFragile.Oversensitive.Gluedtotheirphones.Isthiswhatestomindwhenwethinkoftheteensofthisgeneration?Whilethismaybetrue,theremightbemoretothisgenerationofteensthanwhatisgenerallyperceived.Neverbeforehavethelivesofanygenerationofteensbeenasfloodedwithmobiletechnologyandsocialmediaastheteensofthisgeneration.ThepopularityofsocialmediahasledtoaworldinwhichteenshavetoparticipateinInstagram,TikTokandTwitter,orelsecausethesocialangeroftheirfriends,someofwhommunicateprimarilyviathoseonlineplatforms.Asparedtotheirparentsorgrandparentswhowerelikelylessconnectedandmoreisolated,theseteensareconstantlyexposedtothehighlightreels(高光时刻)ofmanyintheirsocialcirclesandbeyond.Itisnowonderthattheselfesteemandmentalhealthofthisgeneration’steenshavetakenahit.Moreover,theteenstodayaremoreindividualistic.Thisisincontrasttothekampongspiritoftheirparents’andgrandparents’days.Goneisthefriendshipamongneighbourswhoarefriendlywithoneanotherandquicktoofferahelpinghandwhentheyseeanotherinneed.Initsplace,wehaveteenswhomaynotevenhaveaclueastowholivesintheunitnexttotheirs,muchlessofferafriendlynodorwavewhentheyhappentocrosspathswithaneighbour.Yet,theeffectsoftechnologyonthisgenerationofteensarenotallbad.Arguably,theveryconnectednessthatsocialmediabringsabouthasledtobeingmoreprogressive.Loggingontoplatformswherepeopleofallwalksoflifegathermeansthatoneisexposedtothosepeopleandtheirdistinctivewaysoflife.Inparison,theparentsorgrandparentsofthisgenerationoftensprobablydidnothavethesameopportunitytogettoknowpeopleoutsideoftheirsocialcirclesattheirage,andarethusmorelikelytohavefixed,stereotypical(刻板的)opinionsofpeopledifferentfromthem.Thisgenerationofteens,ontheotherhand,hasthechancetousethistechnologytounderstandthevarietyanddiversityoutthere.8.Whatdoestheunderlinedphrase“havetakenahit”meaninParagraph2?A.Havebeenterriblyhurt. B.Haveimprovedalot.C.Haverecoveredsoon. D.Havebeenignored.9.WhichbelongstothekampongspiritaccordingtoParagraph3?A.Telephoneyourparentsregularly. B.NeversayHitoyourclassmates.C.Shareyourfoodwithneighbours. D.Borrowmoneyfromyourteacher.10.Whatgoodeffectdoessocialmediahaveontheteens?A.Theyaremoreambitiousandactive.B.Theyaremorefriendlyandgenerous.C.Theyaremoreindependentoftheirparents.D.Theyaremoreopenmindedandbetterinformed.11.Howisthetextdeveloped?A.Bygivingexamples. B.Byshowingstatistics.C.Bymakingparisons. D.Byprovidinginstructions.【答案】8.A9.C10.D11.C【解析】【导语】本文是一篇议论文。文章认为这一代在移动技术和社交媒体环境下成长的年轻人受到了社交媒体的负面影响，自尊和心理健康受到打击，更为个人主义，但是也获得了积极的影响，变得更有见识，更加开明。【8题详解】词句猜测题。根据第二段中“Asparedtotheirparentsorgrandparentswhowerelikelylessconnectedandmoreisolated,theseteensareconstantlyexposedtothehighlightreels(高光时刻)ofmanyintheirsocialcirclesandbeyond.Itisnowonderthattheselfesteemandmentalhealthofthisgeneration’steenshavetakenahit.”（他们父母或祖父母与外界联系可能较少、更为孤立，相比之下，这些青少年经常接触到社交圈内外许多人的高光时刻。难怪这一代青少年的自尊和心理健康havetakenahit。）可知，这一代年轻人与外界接触的更多，会看到他人更为丰富、精彩的人生时刻，所以自己的自尊和心理健康会因此受到负面的影响，即容易受到打击。havetakenahit意为“受到打击”，与A项意思相近。故选A。【9题详解】推理判断题。根据第三段中“Thisisincontrasttothekampongspiritoftheirparents’andgrandparents’days.Goneisthefriendshipamongneighbourswhoarefriendlywithoneanotherandquicktoofferahelpinghandwhentheyseeanotherinneed.”（这与他们父母和祖父母时代的村落精神形成鲜明对比。邻居之间的友谊一去不复返了，他们彼此友好，看到别人需要帮助时迅速伸出援助之手。）可知，村落精神指的是邻里之间彼此友好、互帮互助的精神。因此，与邻居分享食物属于村落精神。故选C。【10题详解】推理判断题。根据最后一段中“Loggingontoplatformswherepeopleofallwalksoflifegathermeansthatoneisexposedtothosepeopleandtheirdistinctivewaysoflife.Inparison,theparentsorgrandparentsofthisgenerationoftensprobablydidnothavethesameopportunitytogettoknowpeopleoutsideoftheirsocialcirclesattheirage,andarethusmorelikelytohavefixed,stereotypical(刻板的)opinionsofpeopledifferentfromthem.”（登录各行各业的人聚集的平台，意味着你接触到了这些人，以及他们独特的生活方式。相比之下，这一代人的父母或祖父母在他们这个年龄可能没有同样的机会去了解他们社交圈之外的人，因此很可能对与他们不同的人有固定的、刻板的看法。）可知，这一代年轻人可以接触更多的人，获得更为丰富的信息，他们父母或祖父母可能会因为相对比较闭塞的环境而固执、刻板，但是他们却不会这样。因此，这一代年轻人能从社交媒体中获益，变得更有见识，更加开明。故选D。【11题详解】推理判断题。通读全文可知，文章在讨论当代社交媒体下成长的年轻人，涉及了两个负面的影响和一个积极的影响，具体的讨论中都将年轻人与他们的父母或祖父母放在一起进行比较，第二段的“Asparedto”、第三段的“incontrastto”和第四段的“Inparison”都是在通过比较说明年轻人的情况。因此，文章主要是通过做比较的方式进行论证的。故选C。DPretendingsicknessmaygetharder.Slippingadayoffworkbynervouslycoughingdownthephonetoyourbossmightnotwork.Verysoonyourpanymightbeabletotellwhetheryoursymptomsarereal,justfromyourvoice.AnIndianresearchteamtriedtotella“coldvoice”fromahealthyvoice.Theirresearchmakesuseofthefactthathumanspeech,likeanymusicalinstrument,doesnotproducesinglefrequenciesofsounds.Eventhebesttrainedsingerscannothitpurenoteslikethosefromtuningforks.Thedominantnotesinthehumanvoiceareinsteadacpaniedbyaseriesofhigherpitch(音高)tones.Togetherthesesetsofnotesfitintomathematicalpatternscalledharmonics(和声),withtoneshavingfrequenciesthataremultiplesoftheoriginalnote.Forexample,thepitchofthesecondharmonicnoteistwicethefrequencyofthemainnoteandsoon.Theloudnessoftheseharmonicsinspeechtendstofadeastheyproceedupthefrequencyscale.Theteamreasonedthatinfectionwithacoldmightchangehowthisdeclinehappened.Tofindout,thescientistsmadeuseofanunusualresource:recordingsofthevoicesof630peopleinGermany,111ofwhomweresufferingfromacold.Eachwasaskedtocountfromoneto40anddescribewhattheydidattheweekend.TheyalsoreadaloudafableTheNorthWindandtheSun,whichhasbeenapopulartextforspeechresearchsince1949.Bybreakingdowneachperson’sspeechintoitsspectrum(声谱)ofponentwavelengths,theresearcherscouldidentifythedominantfrequencyandtheharmonicsineachcase.Theythenusedmachinelearningtoanalysetherelationshipsbetweentheloudnessoftheseharmonicsandfoundpatternsthatcoulddistinguishthecoldvoicesfromthehealthyvoices.Theteam’sdiagnosisofcoldvoiceshowsa70%accuracy.FacedwithanotherdullMondayattheoffice,wouldyoutaketherisk?12.Onwhatbasisistheresearchperformed?A.Humanspeechesvaryinfrequencies.B.Traininghasnoeffectonhumannotes.C.Humansspeaklikemusicalinstruments.D.Higherpitchnotesdominatehumanvoices.13.Whatmayreducethevolumeofhumanharmonics?A.Thepitchofharmonics. B.Apretendedcoldvoice.C.Thesetsofhumannotes. D.Highersoundfrequencies.14.Whyaretheparticipantsrequiredtoreadthefable?A.Itiseasytounderstand. B.Itisvaluableinliterature.C.Itispopularwithspeakers. D.Itissuitablefortheresearch.15.Whatdoestheauthorwanttotellus?A.Humanspeechreflectshealth B.Pretendingsicknessisatrend.C.Voicechangeswithconditions. D.Changingvoiceisofgreatrisk.【答案】12A13.D14.D15.C【解析】【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述印度的一个研究小组试图区分感冒的声音和健康的声音。【12题详解】细节理解题。根据文章第二段“Theirresearchmakesuseofthefactthathumanspeech,likeanymusicalinstrument,doesnotproducesinglefrequenciesofsounds.(他们的研究利用了这样一个事实，即人类的语言和任何乐器一样，不会产生单一频率的声音)”可知，该研究理论基础是人的语言频率是不同的。故选A项。【13题详解】细节理解题。根据文章第三段“Theloudnessoftheseharmonicsinspeechtendstofadeastheyproceedupthefrequencyscale.(这些和声在语音中的响度往往会随着它们在频率范围内的上升而减弱)”可知，较高的声音频率会减少人类和声的响度。故选D项。【14题详解】推理判断题。由文章第四段“Bybreakingdowneachperson’sspeechintoitsspectrum(声谱)ofponentwavelengths,theresearcherscouldidentifythedominantfrequencyandtheharmonicsineachcase.Theythenusedmachinelearningtoanalysetherelationshipsbetweentheloudnessoftheseharmonicsandfoundpatternsthatcoulddistinguishthecoldvoicesfromthehealthyvoices.(通过将每个人的语音分解为其分量波长谱，研究人员可以识别出每种情况下的主频和和声。然后，他们使用机器学习来分析这些和声的响度之间的关系，并找到了可以区分感冒声音和健康声音的模式)”可知，测试者被要求读寓言是因为可用他们的声音来分析。由此推知，这样做是为了配合该研究。故选D项。【15题详解】推理判断题。根据文章第三段“Theloudnessoftheseharmonicsinspeechtendstofadeastheyproceedupthefrequencyscale.Theteamreasonedthatinfectionwithacoldmightchangehowthisdeclinehappened.(这些和声在语音中的响度往往会随着它们在频率范围内的上升而减弱。研究小组推断，感染感冒可能会改变这种下降的发生方式)”以及联系上下文可推知，作者想告诉我们声音随着环境的变化而变化。故选C项。第二节(共5小题;每小题分，满分分)阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。Radarisanelectronicdevicethatdetectsplanes,ships,coastlines,landmarks,andevenstormclouds.Thenameradaresfromthefirstlettersofthewords“radiodirectionandranging”.Asthehumaneyeuseslightwavestosee,radar“sees”withradiowaves.Withoutradar,planescouldnotlandsafelyinbadweatherandshipscouldnotmovesafelyinthickfog.____16____Inthe1800sitwasdiscoveredthatradiowavescouldbereflectedfromobjects.Butscientistsdidnotmakegreatadvancesinradarresearchuntilthe1930s,whentheworldwasthreatenedbywar._____17_____Ithasbeenusedwidelyinalmosteveryconflict(冲突)sincethen.Echoesmakeitpossibleforradartowork.Whenabeamofradiowavesissentout,itstrikesanobjectandreturnsanecho.Thisechoispickedupbyradarandrecordedonascreensimilartotelevisionscreens.Onthescreenanobserverseesaflashandthatcanshowthedirectionanddistanceoftheobject._____18_____Airportcontroltowersuseradartoguideplanesinforsafelandings.Almostalllargeshipsdependonradartopreventcollisionswithicebergsorotherships._____19_____Weatherforecasters“see”thesize,direction,andspeedofstormsonradarscreens.Astronomerscanevenuseradartomeasureaccuratelythedistancefromtheearthtothemoon.Thus,thedevicehashelpedachievemajoradvancements._____20_____Itguardsusagainstpossibleenemyattacks.Wehaveballisticmissile(弹道导弹)warningsystemsthatcanwarnusagainstattackswhenmissilesaremorethan1,000milesaway.Otherradarsystemscanalsowarnusagainstenemyaircraftandevenspyingspacesatellites.A.Themeasurementisnowhighlyaccurate.B.Policetrackspeedersinradarequippedcars.C.Thedevicecanbeusedinawiderangeoffields.D.Itisthereforeespeciallyvaluabletoshippersandtravelers.E.DuringWorldWarIImanycountriesusedradareffectively.F.Todayradarisusedbymercialairlinersandweatherforecasters.G.Strengtheningnationaldefenseisoneofradar’smostimportantfunctions.【答案】16.D17.E18.A19.B20.G【解析】【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了雷达的重要性、发明过程以及应用情况。【16题详解】根据上文“Withoutradar,planescouldnotlandsafelyinbadweatherandshipscouldnotmovesafelyinthickfog.(没有雷达，飞机就不能在恶劣天气中安全着陆，船只就不能在浓雾中安全航行)”可知，本句与上文构成因果关系，说明雷达的重要性，D选项中It指代上文radar。故D选项“因此，它对托运人和旅行者特别有价值”符合语境，故选D。【17题详解】根据上文“Inthe1800sitwasdiscoveredthatradiowavescouldbereflectedfromobjects.Butscientistsdidnotmakegreatadvancesinradarresearchuntilthe1930s,whentheworldwasthreatenedbywar.(在19世纪，人们发现无线电波可以被物体反射。但直到20世纪30年代，当世界受到战争威胁时，科学家们才在雷达研究方面取得了重大进展)”以及后文“Ithasbeenusedwidelyinalmosteveryconflict(冲突)sincethen.(从那时起，它几乎在每一次冲突中都被广泛使用)”可知，上文提到了雷达研究取得重大进展，后文提到了广泛使用，故本句是在说明雷达被应用的情况，故E选项“在第二次世界大战期间，许多国家有效地使用了雷达”符合语境，故选E。【18题详解】根据上文“Echoesmakeitpossibleforradartowork.Whenabeamofradiowavesissentout,itstrikesanobjectandreturnsanecho.Thisechoispickedupbyradarandrecordedonascreensimilartotelevisionscreens.Onthescreenanobserverseesaflashandthatcanshowthedirectionanddistanceoftheobject.(回声使雷达工作成为可能。当一束无线电波发出时，它击中一个物体并返回一个回声。这种回声被雷达接收并记录在类似电视屏幕的屏幕上。观察者在屏幕上看到一个闪光，它可以显示物体的方向和距离)”可知，上文提到了在屏幕上观察者会看到一束光，这表明了物体的方向和距离。故空处应该是对测量结果的评价，说明测量的结果是高度准确的。故A选项“现在的测量非常精确”符合语境，故选A。【19题详解】根据上文“Airportcontroltowersuseradartoguideplanesinforsafelandings.Almostalllargeshipsdependonradartopreventcollisionswithicebergsorotherships.(机场控制塔使用雷达引导飞机安全着陆。几乎所有的大型船只都依靠雷达来防止与冰山或其他船只相撞)”以及后文“Weatherforecasters“see”thesize,direction,andspeedofstormsonradarscreens.Astronomerscanevenuseradartomeasureaccuratelythedistancefromtheearthtothemoon.Thus,thedevicehashelpedachievemajoradvancements.(天气预报员在雷达屏幕上“看到”风暴的大小、方向和速度。天文学家甚至可以用雷达精确测量地球到月球的距离。因此，该设备帮助实现了重大进步)”可知，此段主要介绍了雷达在不同领域的应用。空处前后都是举例，故本句主要是雷达在其他行业中应用的例子，故B选项“警察用装有雷达的汽车跟踪超速者”符合语境，故选B。【20题详解】根据后文“Itguardsusagainstpossibleenemyattacks.Wehaveballisticmissile(弹道导弹)warningsystemsthatcanwarnusagainstattackswhenmissilesaremorethan1,000milesaway.Otherradarsystemscanalsowarnusagainstenemyaircraftandevenspyingspacesatellites.(它保护我们免受敌人可能的攻击。我们有弹道导弹预警系统，当导弹在1000英里以外的地方袭击时，它可以警告我们。其他雷达系统也可以警告我们敌人的飞机，甚至是间谍空间卫星)”可知，本段主要讲了雷达也可用于国防领域。故G选项“加强国防是雷达最重要的功能之一”符合语境，故选G。第三部分语言运用(共两节，满分30分)第一节(共15小题;每小题1分，满分15分)阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。Sixteenyearsago,IlearnedanimportantlifelessoninthebackofaNewYorkCitytaxicab.Ijumpedinataxi,andwe____21____forGrandCentralStation.Weweredrivingintherightlane,when,suddenly,ablack____22____jumpedoutofaparkingspacerightinfrontofus.Mytaxidriver____23____hisbrakes.Thecarslippedandnearlymissedtheothercar!Thedriveroftheothercar____24____usandstartedyellingatus.Mytaxidriverjustsmiledandwavedattheguy.AndImean,hewasactually____25____.So,Iaskedhim,“Whydidyoujustdothat?Thisguyalmost____26____yourcar.”ThisiswhenmytaxidrivertoldmeaboutwhatInowcall“TheLawofGarbageTrucks.”“ManypeoplearclikeGarbageTrucks,runningaroundfullofgarbage,fullof____27____,fullofanger,andfullofdisappointment.Astheirgarbage____28____,theyneedaplacetodumpit,andifyouletthem,they’lldumpitonyou.Whenthathappens,don’t____29____itpersonally.____30____,justsmile,wave,andmoveon.You’llbe____31____becauseyoudidso.”Wow!ThatreallygotmeconsideringhowoftenIletGarbageTrucksrunrightoverme.And,howoftendoIthentaketheirgarbageand____32____itontootherpeople?ItwasthatdayI____33____,“I’mnotgoingtodoitanymore.”Sincethen,IhavestartedtoseeGarbageTruckseverywhere.Iseethe____34____they’recarrying...Iseethemingtodropitoff.AndlikemyTaxiDriver,Idon’tmakeita____35____thing;Ijustsmile,wave,andmoveon.21.A.accounted B.allowed C.departed D.set22.A.truck B.car C.motorbike D.subway23.A.steppedon B.carriedon C.clickedon D.tookon24.A.smiledat B.staredat C.glaredat D.glancedat25.A.lucky B.friendly C.lively D.likely26.A.stuck B.tracked C.beat D.ruined27.A.emotion B.depression C.curiosity D.embarrassment28.A.pushesup B.putsup C.pilesup D.picksup29.A.skip B.face C.take D.obtain30.A.Therefore B.Moreover C.However D.Instead31.A.merrier B.warmer C.funnier D.angrier32.A.stop B.express C.slide D.spread33.A.solved B.claimed C.revised D.resolved34.A.figure B.line C.load D.duty35.A.public B.personal C.sincere D.positive【答案】21.C22.B23.A24.C25.B26.D27.B28.C29.C30.D31.A32.D33.D34.C35.B【解析】【导语】这是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了作者一次坐出租车，司机在遇到其他人不遵守交规，还大喊大叫时，只是微笑着向那个人挥了挥手，作者对此感到困惑。司机却说很多人就像垃圾车一样，满载着垃圾到处跑，当他们的垃圾堆积起来时，他们需要一个倾倒的地方，如果你让他们倾倒，他们就会倾倒在你身上。于是作者决定不会把他人的情绪垃圾再传给别人。【21题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：我跳上一辆出租车，我们出发去中央车站。A.accounted解释；B.allowed允许；C.departed离去；D.set设置。根据后文“forGrandCentralStation”可知，作者的目的地是中央车站，所以是出发去中央车站。departfor表示“动身去往”。故选C。【22题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：我们正行驶在正确的车道上，突然，一辆黑色的汽车从我们正前方的停车位里窜出来。A.truck卡车；B.car汽车；C.motorbike摩托车；D.subway地铁。根据后文“Thecarslippedandnearlymissedtheothercar!(那辆车滑了一下，差点撞上另一辆车！)”可知，指另一辆汽车，故选B。【23题详解】考查动词短语辨析。句意：我乘坐的车的出租车司机踩了刹车。A.steppedon踏入；B.carriedon继续；C.clickedon点击；D.tookon承担。根据上文“jumpedoutofaparkingspacerightinfrontofus”可知，一辆黑色的汽车从他们正前方的停车位里窜出来，司机要踩刹车。故选A。【24题详解】考查动词短语辨析。句意：另一辆车的司机怒视着我们，开始对我们大喊大叫。A.smiledat对……微笑；B.staredat凝视；C.glaredat怒视；D.glancedat看一下。根据后文“startedyellingatus”可知，另一个车的司机很生气，怒视着他们。故选C。【25题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我是说，他真的很友好。A.lucky幸运的；B.friendly友好的；C.lively活泼的；D.likely可能的。根据上文“Mytaxidriverjustsmiledandwavedattheguy.(我的出租车司机只是微笑着向那个人挥了挥手)”可知，面对对方的大喊大叫，司机只是微笑挥手，说明很友好。故选B。【26题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：这家伙差点毁了你的车。A.stuck卡主；B.tracked跟踪；C.beat打；D.ruined毁灭。结合上文可知，另一辆车突然窜出来差点发生车祸，毁了司机的车，故选D。【27题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：许多人就像垃圾车一样，满载着垃圾到处跑，充满了沮丧、愤怒和失望。A.emotion情感；B.depression沮丧；C.curiosity好奇心；D.embarrassment尴尬。根据后文“fullofanger,andfullofdisappointment”指许多人满载着许多负面情绪，充满了沮丧、愤怒和失望。故选B。【28题详解】考查动词短语辨析。句意：当他们的垃圾堆积起来时，他们需要一个倾倒的地方，如果你让他们倾倒，他们就会倾倒在你身上。A.pushesup突出；B.putsup张贴；C.pilesup堆积