2023年中考英语新时政热点阅读 22 科学新知（含解析）

2023年中考英语最新热点时文阅读-科学新知

题型主要内容

1阅读理解介绍了中国数字化的发展，数字化给中国人民的生活带来非常大的便利，中国

也在促进5G通信技术的发展。

2阅读理解讲述了我们所经历的四个睡眠阶段。

3阅读理解讲述了以前人们都认为鱼类的记忆只能保持7秒钟，但是实验表明其实它们可

以有长达12天的记忆，要比以前人们想的聪明得多。

4阅读理解解释了“衣服湿了颜色会变深''这一现象。

5阅读理解解释了为什么我们对智能手机如此着迷，却很容易对学习感到厌倦。

01

（2022•河北•衡水滨湖新区志臻中学一模）Fiveyearsisarathershorttimeinthelonghistoryof

China.Butfordigital（数字的）development,alotofchangeshavetakenplaceinmanyaspectsofourlife.

Nowadays,it'snormalforpeopletocommunicateonWeChat,themostpopularmobilesocialmedia

platforminChina.Peopletakelesscash（现金）withthembecausemostofthestoresandhotelsaccept

WeChatPayandAlipay.

InChina,holdingamobilephonemeanshavingtheworldinyourhands.Youcanshop,travel,

communicate,havefunbyusingamobilephone,andallofthesetaskscanbecompletedwithafewfinger

taps.Withoutmobilephones,lifewouldseemdull.

Bytheendof2016,therewere695millionmobilephoneusersinChina,anincreaseof12percenton

year-on-yearbasis.TheaveragemobileInternetdatatrafficreached172megabytespermonth,whichwas

farmorethantheglobalaverage.

Atthetwosessions（两会），PremierLiKeqiangpointedoutthatin2017thespeedofmobilenetwork

wouldbeincreasedandthecostwouldbereducedgreatly.Mobileratesfordomesticroaming（国内漫游）

andlongdistancecallswouldbecancelled（取消）.

Meanwhile,theTD-LTE4GcommunicationtechnologydevelopedmainlyinChinahasbeenaccepted

andwidelyusedacrosstheworld.

In2020,China's5Gnetworkisinservice.IthelpsChina'smobiletelecommunicationovertake（反超）

theinternationalcommunity's.

1.Peopletakelesscashwiththembecause.

A.cashisn'tusefulanymoreB.it'seasiertouseonlinepaybymobilephone

C.manystoresrefusecashD.onlinepayisusedinallstoresandhotels

2.Byusingamobilephone,youcandomanythingsEXCEPT.

A.orderingsomethingtoeatB.chattingwithfriends

C.playinggamesD.cookingsomethingdelicious

3.Accordingtothepassage,weknowthat.

A.Thecostofusingmobilephonesislower

B.thespeedofmobilenetworksloweddown

C.Chineseuserswillmakephonecallsforfreeinthefuture

D.theusingofmobilephoneswascancelled

4.Whichoneistrueaccordingtothepassage?

A.Peoplecan'tlivewithoutmobilephones.

B.Thespeedofmobilenetworkandthecostwouldbeincreasedgreatly.

C.TheTD-LTE4GcommunicationtechnologyisonlyusedinChina.

D.China's5Gnetworkhasalreadybeeninservice.

02

（2022・河南•镇平县基础教育教学研究室三模）Alldreamingstartswithsleep.Whenwesleepthere

arefourstages（阶段）thatwegothrough.

StageOneisthelighteststageofsleep.Inthisstageofsleepsomeonecanbeawakenedbylowsounds

orslighttouch.StageOnesleephappensthrough-outthenight.Itoftenreappearsasatransitionalstateof

sleepfollowingarousal（刺激）duringthenight.WhenStageOnedoesreappearduringsleep,itonlylasts

thirtysecondstooneminute.YoungadultsspendtentofifteenminutesanightinStageOnesleep.

StageTwosleepmayhavesomeoftheslowereyemovementStageOne,butingeneralStageTwosleep

isfreeofanyeyemovement.Anotherfeatureofstagetwoisarousal.SinceStageTwoisadeepersleepthan

StageOne,itwilltakemorearousaltoawakenapersonfromthisstageofsleep.

StageThreesleepaswellasStageFourisusuallyreferredtoasaslowwavesleep,whichbasically

meansaslowfrequency（频率）ofbrainthought.Therearenovisualeyemovementsinthisstage.Again

inStageThreeittakesevenmorearousalthenStageTwosleep,toawakenapersonfromthisstateofsleep.

MostofthedreamsrememberedtakeplaceduringstageThreeSleep.

StageFoursleepisthedeepestofsleep.Thisiswherethebodyandmindgetsthemostrest.Brain

frequenciesincreaseslightlyinStageFoursleep.Inthisstageofsleeppeoplebegintheirdreams.Whena

personisdreamingyoucanvisuallytellbythemovementoftheeyes.Scientistmeasuredeepsleepby"R.

E.M.”whichsimplymeans“rapideyemovement".Whattheymeasureistheamountoftimeyoureyemoves

inStageFoursleepandalsobrainactivityalongwithfrequency.Onceagainmuchmorearousalisneededto

awakenastagefoursleeper.

5.HowlongdoesStageonesleeplastforyoungadults?

A.Aboutaminute.B.Aboutaquarter.

C.Aboutanhour.D.Aboutanight.

6.WhatcanweknowfromParagraph3?

A.Eyesdon'tmoveinstage2sleep.

B.Stage1sleepislighterthanstage2sleep.

C.Stage3sleepisreferredtoasaslowwavesleep.

D.Stage4sleepisthedeepestofsleep.

7.Inwhichstagedoesthebodyandmindgetthemostrest?

A.Stage1sleep.B.Stage2sleep.

C.Stage3sleep.D.Stage4sleep.

8.Whichofthefollowingshowsthestructureofthewholetext?

9.What'sthisreadingabout?

A.Whatdoesdreamingstartwith.

B•Whatyourdreamsaretellingyou.

C.Whatstagesofsleepwegothrough.

D.Whatkindsofdreamsdowehave.

03

（2022」可二化•唐山市凤凰中学——模）It'sacommonbeliefthatfishcan'trememberanythingforlonger

thansevenseconds.Itmayseemsadtothinkthateverymomentintheirliveswouldbelikeseeingtheworld

fbrthefirsttime.Butdon'tbesoquicktofeelsorryforthem.Anewstudyhasfoundthatfishhavemuch

bettermemoriesthanweusedtothink.

Inthestudy,researchersfromMacEwanUniversityinCanadatrainedakindoffishcalledAfrican

cichlidstogotoacertainareaoftheirtanktogetfood.Theytookthefishoutandthenwaitedfor12days

beforeputtingthembackinthetankagain.Theyfoundthataftersuchalongbreakthefishstillwenttothe

sameplacewheretheyfirstgotfood.

Infact,scientistshadbeenthinkingforalongtimethatAfricancichlidsmighthaveagoodmemory.

Buttherewasnoclearevidenceuntilthelatestfindings.

Justasagoodmemorycanmakeourliveseasier,italsoplaysanimportantpartwhenafishistryingto

surviveinthewild."Iffishareabletorememberthatacertainareacontains（容纳）safefood,theywillbe

abletogobacktothatareawithoutputtingtheirlivesindanger,leadresearcherTrevorHamiltontoldLive

Science.

Sonexttimeyouarewatchingyourpetfishfromoutsidethetank,perhapsyoushouldfeelclosetothem

一theymayrememberwhoyouare.

10.Weoftenfeelsorryforfishbecause.

A.theyhavebadmemoriesB.theycan'trememberanything

C.theyareoftenusedforresearchD.everymomentintheirlivesisnew

11.Whydidtheresearcherscarryouttheresearch?

A.Toknowiffishcanfindfoodeasily.

B.Tofindoutiffishhavebettermemories.

C.Totellusfishcanlivefordayswithoutwater.

D.Toshowfishcanlivelongwithouteatingthings.

12.Whatdoestheunderlinedword"tank"inParagraph2mean?

A.Akindoffishfood.B.Akindofhidingplace.

C.Acontainerforholdingwater.D.Acontainerfbrkeepingfish.

04

（2021•福建」二杭县教师进修学校九年级期中）Haveyoueversplashed（溅洒）waterontoyourshirt

rightbeforeanimportantevent?Usually,clothesbecomedarkerincolorwhentheygetwet.Itwouldcertainly

beniceifthewaterdidn'tchangethecoloroftheclothessomuch.Butsadly,thisisn'thowthingswork.So

whydoclothesoftenappeardarkerwhentheygetwet.

Beforeunderstandingthisquestion,weshouldfirsttakeaquicklookathowwe"see"colors.Takeared

shirtasanexample.Whenit'shitbythelightfromthesun,ittakesindifferentwavelengths（波长）oflight,

exceptfortheredlightwavelength.Theredlightwavelengthisreflectedtooureyes.Thatiswhytheshirt

appearsredtous.

Nowlefsreturntothewetshirt.Whenthelighthitsawetshirt,ithastopassthroughthewateronthe

shirt.Thelightthatshouldbereflectedbytheshirtre-absorbed（重新吸收）bythewater.Thismeansless

lightwillbesenttooureyes.Asaresult,theshirtlooks"darker”.

Butremember:sometimesawetshirtcanseembrighterwhenviewedfromacertainangle.Thesurface

oftheshirtisusuallyrough（粗糙的）.Addingwatertoitmakesitsmoother.Asmoothsurfacereflectslight

inadifferentwayfromaroughsurface.Thus,youmayseeasmallandbrightreflectionofthelightfroma

certainangle.Sobasically,awetshirtwillbedarkerthanadryone,butitcanalsoappearmore“shiny”at

times.

13.Howdoesthewriterexplainhowwe"see"colors?

A.Byshowingafact.B.Byraisingaquestion.

C.Bygivinganexample.D.Byshowinghisexperience.

14.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“reflected”inParagraph2meaninChinese?

A.穿透B.中断C.接收D.反射

15.Whatwillhappenafterthelightpassesthroughthewaterontheshirt?

A.Morelightwillbesenttooureye.B.Certainlightwillbere-absorbedbythewater.

C.Thewaterontheshirtwillbeabsorbed.D.Thelightreflectedbywaterwillbereduced.

16.Whatcanweknowfromthelastparagraph?

A.Youcanmakeyourshirtmoreroughbyaddingwatertoit.

B.Thelightonasmoothsurfacereflectsisdifferentfromlightontheroughonereflects.

C.Fromdifferentangles,somesmallandbrightreflectionofthelightcanbeseen.

D.Itisunusualtoseeawetshirtisdarkerthanadryoneinourdailylife.

17.Whichpictureshowsthestructure（结构）ofthepassage?

（2022・河南♦辉县市教育局教学研究室二模）Timefileswhenyouplayonyoursmartphone.But

whenyougetdowntotherealbusinessofworkandstudy,onehourfeelslikeayear.Whyarewesoattracted

bysmartphonesbuteasilyboredbystudying?

Itallbollsdowntosomethingsmallandhardtosee:dopamine（多巴胺）.Dopamineisa"pleasure

chemicar,thatmakespeoplefeelgood.Ourbrainsgiveitoutwhenweeatyummyfood,afterweexercise

orwhenwegetaprize.

Comparedwithstudying,playingonsmartphonescausesourbrainstogiveoutmoredopamine.For

example,checkingyourphoneforatextleadstoa400percentincreaseindopamine.Butwhy?

Whenwevisitsocialmedia,wedon'tknowwhatwe'llseenext,orwhowillgiveopinionsaboutthings

wepost（发布）.This“magicofmaybe”,makesthedopaminesystemactive.Wegetexcitedwonderingif

wehavemessagesfromourfriends.Whenourexpectations（期待）aremet,dopamineisgivenout.

Andtofindmoredopamine,wecontinuecheckingourphones.Studyingdoesn'tprovidesuchmagic.

Withoutthisexcitement,wegetboredmuchmoreeasily.

Canwedosomethingtochangethat?Accordingtoscientists,appscanbecomelessattractiveifweturn

offnotifications（通知）orchangethescreencolorstoblackandwhite.Wecanalsosettimelimitsonapps

toavoidusingthemtoomuch.

Asforstudying,youcouldcheckyourprogressdailyorweeklyandrewardyourselfforit,saidDaniel

Wong,writerofTheHappyStudent.Youcouldalsosearchforinterestingtopicsconnectedwithyour

textbook.Usewhatyou'velearnedtomakeaninfluenceintherealworld.Thiswillmakeknowledgemuch

moreinterestingtolearn.

18.Accordingtothearticle,whatarestudentslikewhentheystudy?

A.Theygetveryattracted.

B.Theyaregettinghappier.

C.Theyfeeltimepassmoreslowly.

D.Theirbraingiveoutmoredopamine.

19.Whatmightthephrase“boilsdownto“meaninParagraph2?

A.worksoutB.turnsoutC.leadstoD.resultsfrom

20.Whendopeoplehavemoredopamine?

A.Whentheyknowwhatwillhappennext.

B.Whentheystayinafamiliarenvironment.

C.Whentheirexpectationsaremet.

D.Whentheyfacefewerunknownthings.

21.Whatisparagraph4about?

A.Itintroducesawaytogetmoremessagesfromourfriends.

B.Itgivesanexampleofspendingtimehappilyonsocialmedia.

C.Itdescribeshowscientistsdiscoverthewaydopamineworks.

D.Itexplainswhyplayingonsmartphonescausesmoredopamine.

22.WhichofthefollowingmightDanielWongsuggesttomakelearninginteresting?

A.Settingtimelimitsoneverythingyoudo.

B.Stoppingplayingandfindingmoreinterestsinreallife.

C.Usingwhatyoulearnfromtextbookstodothingsinreallife.

D.Readingtheinterestingpartinyourtextbooksbeforereadingtheothers.

参考答案：

1.B2.D3.A4.D

【导语】本文介绍了中国数字化的发展，数字化给中国人民的生活带来非常大的便利，中国也在促

进5G通信技术的发展。

1.细节理解题o根据“Peopletakelesscash（现金）withthembecausemostofthestoresandhotelsaccept

WeChatPayandAlipay.”可知，由于大多数商店和酒店接受微信支付和支付宝支付，所以人们随身携

带的现金较少了。由此说明用手机在线支付更方便。故选B。

2.推理判断题。根据"Youcanshop,travel,communicate,havefunbyusingamobilephone,andallof

thesetaskscanbecompletedwithafewfingertaps."可知，你可以利用手机购物，旅行，交流，娱乐，

所有的活动只需用手指点击几下。文中没有提到利用手机能做饭。故选D。

3.细节理解题。根据"Mobileratesfordomesticroaming（国内漫游）andlongdistancecallswouldbe

cancelled”可知，使用手机的成本更低了。故选A。

4.推理判断题。根据最后一段“In2020,China's5Gnetworkisinservice.IthelpsChina'smobile

telecommunicationovertake（反超）theinternationalcommunity's”可推知，选项D“中国的5G网络已经

投入使用。”正确。故选D。

5.B6.B7.D8.A9.C

【导语】本文主要讲述了我们所经历的四个睡眠阶段。

5.细节理解题。根据“YoungadultsspendtentofifteenminutesanightinStageOnesleep.“可知年轻人

每晚花10到15分钟进行第一阶段睡眠。故选Bo

6.细节理解题。根据“SinceStageTwoisadeepersleepthanStageOne,itwilltakemorearousaltoawaken

apersonfromthisstageofsleep.^^（由于第二阶段比第一阶段睡眠更深，因此需要更多的唤醒才能将人

从这一睡眠阶段唤醒。）可知第一阶段的睡眠比第二阶段的睡眠要轻。故选B。

7.细节理解题。根据"StageFoursleepisthedeepestofsleep.Thisiswherethebodyandmindgetsthe

mostrest「可知在第四阶段身心可以得到最大的休息，故选Do

8.篇章结构题。文章第一段是点明主题：当我们睡觉时，我们会经历四个阶段。第二、三、四、五

段分别介绍四个睡眠阶段，故选A。

9.主旨大意题。根据“Whenwesleeptherearefourstagesthatwegothrough.”结合全文可知本文主要

讲述了我们所经历的四个睡眠阶段。故选C。

10.B11.B12.D

【导语】本文是一篇科普知识类阅读，主要讲述了以前人们都认为鱼类的记忆只能保持7秒钟，但

是实验表明其实它们可以有长达12天的记忆，要比以前人们想的聪明得多。

10.细节理解题。根据"It'sacommonbeliefthatfishcan'trememberanythingforlongerthansevenseconds.

Itmayseemsadtothinkthateverymomentintheirliveswouldbelikeseeingtheworldforthefirsttime.

Butdon'tbesoquicktofeelsorryforthem.”可知，人们普遍认为鱼在7秒钟内什么都记不住，故选B。

11.细节理拼军题o根据“Anewstudyhasfoundthatfishhavemuchbettermemoriesthanweusedtothink.^^

和“Inthestudy,researchersfromMacEwanUniversity...Theytookthefishoutandthenwaitedfor12days

beforeputtingthembackinthetankagain.”可知，做这个研究目的是看看鱼是否有更好的记忆力。故选

Bo

12.词义猜测题o根据“Theytookthefishoutandthenwaitedfor12daysbeforeputtingthembackinthe

tankagain.”可知，他们把鱼拿出来等了12天再把鱼放回去，所以“tank”为养鱼的容器，故选D。

13.C14.D15.B16.B17.C

【导语】本文主要解释了“衣服湿了颜色会变深”这一现象。

13.细节理解题。根据“weshouldfirsttakeaquicklookathowwe'see5colors.Takearedshirtasan

example”可知，通过举例来说明这一现象，故选C。

14.词意猜测题。根据“Theredlightwavelengthisreflectedtooureyes.Thatiswhytheshirtappearsred

tous”可知，因为红光波长被反射到我们的眼睛，所以我们看衬衫是红色的，故选D。

15.细节理解题o根据“Thelightthatshouldbereflectedbytheshirtre-absorbedbythewater”可知，应

该被衬衫反射的光被水重新吸收，故选B。

16.推理判断题。根据"Asmoothsurfacereflectslightinadifferentwayfromaroughsurface”可知，光

滑的表面反射光的方式与粗糙的表面不同，故选B。

17.篇章结构题。根据全文可知，第一段以日常生活为例引出话题；第二段以红色衬衫为例解释我

们怎样能够看到