2018英语专四试题

试卷用后随即销毁。严禁保留、出版或复印。试卷用后随即销毁。严禁保留、出版或复印。 SECTIONATALK Inthissectionyouwillhearatalk.YouwillhearthetalkONCEONLY.Whilelistening,youmaylookatthetaskonANSWERSHEETONEandwriteNOMORETHANTHREEWORDSfor YouhaveTHIRTYsecondstopreviewthegap-fillingtask.

Nowlistentothetalk.Whenitisover,youwillbegivenTWOminutestocheckyourwork.SECTIONBCONVERSATIONS Inthissectionyouwillheartwoconversations.Attheendofeachconversation,fivequestionswillbeaskedaboutwhatwassaid.BoththeconversationandthequestionswillbespokenONCEONLY.Duringthepause,youshouldreadthefourchoicesofA,B,CandD,andmarkthebestanswertoeachquestiononANSWERSHEETTWO. YouhaveTHIRTYsecondstopreviewthechoices. Now,listentotheconversations.ConversationOneQuestions1to5arebasedonConversationOne.A. ManyforeignlanguagesarespokeninBritain.

B. EveryoneinBritaincanspeakaforeignlanguage.

C. TheBritishareunabletospeakaforeignlanguage.

D. TheBritishcansurviveontheirmothertongue.

A. Chinese.

B. Polish.

C. Punjabi.

D. Urdu.

A. Tohelpimproveinternationaltrade.

B. Toallowaspeakertoholdasimpletalk.

C. Toimprovetheeducationsystem.

D. Toencouragelearninganotherlanguage.

A. Itgivesyouself-satisfaction.

B. Itmakesyoumoreconfident.

C. Itgivesyouanadvantage.

D. Itmakesyouworkhard.

A. Workmates.

B. Schoolmates.

C. Teacherandstudent.

D. Brotherandsister.ConversationTwoQuestions6to10arebasedonConversationTwo.A. Adangerousevent.

B. Anunreasonablefear.

C. Asmallprobability.

D. Arisk-assessingability.

A. Oneinonemillion.

B. Oneinfourmillion.

C. Oneinfourteenmillion.

D. Oneinfortymillion.

A. Futureevents.

B. Catastrophicevents.

C. Small-scaledisasters.

D. Smokinghazards.

A. Travelingbyair.

B. Ridingabicycle.

C. Catchingbirdflu.

D. Smokingcigarettes.

A. Theygetpleasurefromrisks.

B. Theycancontrolpotentialrisks.

C. Theycanassessdangerfromrisks.

D. Theyhavestrongneedsforrisks.

TheBentPyramidoutsideCairo______ancientEgypt’sfirstattempttobuildasmooth-sidedpyramid.hasbeenbelievedtohavebeenwasbelievedtobeisbelievedtohavebeenisbelievedtobe

U.S.News______rankingsofcollegessince1983.Theyareaverypopularresourceforstudentslookingtoapplytoauniversitycampus.maintainsismaintainingmaintainedhasbeenmaintainingHewasluredintoacrimehewouldnot______havecommitted.actuallyaccidentallyotherwiseseldom

Shewasonceayoungcountrywifewithchickensinthebackyardandaviewof______mountainsbehindtheappleorchard.bluehazyVirginiahazyblueVirginiaVirginiahazyblueVirginiabluehazy

Ilongtoalleviate______,butIcannot.theevilevilevilsanevil

Indeed,itisarguablethatbodyshatteringistheverypointoffootball,askillingandmaiming______.wararewarofwarareofwar

At______,photographyisachemicalprocess,duringwhichalight-sensitivematerialisalteredwhenexposedtolight.itsmostbasicitsbasicthemostbasicthebasic

Shehiredalawyertoinvestigate,onlytolearnthatGabrielhadremovedhernamefromthedeed.Theinfinitiveverbphrase“onlytolearn”isused______.toexpressanintendedpurposetoindicateahighdegreeofpossibilitytorevealanundesirableconsequencetodramatizeastatedfact

WhichofthefollowingitalicizedwordsDOESNOTcarrythemetaphoricalmeaning?Iwonderwhat’sbehindthischangeofplan.Jimturnedtospeaktothepersonstandingbehindhim.Thisworkshouldhavebeenfinishedyesterday.I’mgettingterriblybehind.IsupposeI’mluckybecausemyparentswerebehindmealltheway.

Mymotherwasdeterminedtohelpthoseinneedandshewouldhavebeenimmenselyproudofwhathasbeenachievedtheselast20years.Theitalicizedpartinthesentenceexpresses______.ahypothesisasuggestionacontradictionasurprise

WhenthepoliceofficerswhotookpartintheKingbeatingwerefirstbroughtto______,theirlawyersusedthevideotapeasevidenceagainsttheprosecution.justicetestimonytrialverdict______,themostcontroversialcandidateintheelectioncampaign,hehasbeenstronglycriticizedforhiscrudecommentsaboutwomen.QuestionablyArguablyContentiouslyDebatably

Priceshaverecentlyriseninorderto______theincreasedcostofrawmaterials.cutbuoyofferoffset

Thecelebritysaysincourtpapersshe“hasno______ofgivinganyauthorizationtoanyonetoproceedwithadivorce.”recommendationrecordingrecollectionrecognition

Whatactually______agoodangle—oragoodselfieoverall—isrootedinwhatweconsideredbeautiful.consistsconstitutescomposesconstructs

Theschoolisgoingthe______miletocreatethenextgenerationofsportingstarsthankstoitsuniquedevelopmentprogram.finalfurthersupplementaryextra

Theteachers’union______alawsuitagainstthedistrictcallingforrepairing“deplorable”schoolconditions.firedfiledfinedfilledLastMarchthe______ofa19thcenturycargoshipwasfoundbyanunderwaterarchaeologicalteam.debrisruinsremainswreck

She’swornhisdesignson______occasionsfromredcarpetstomoviepremieres.countlesscountablenumericalnumeral

Aleading______intelligenceandoperationscompanyhasreleaseditsanalysisofworldwidereportedincidentsofpiracyandcrimeagainstmariners.oceangoingoceanicmarinemaritime

A.accompaniesB.automaticallyC.coupleD.goesE.indebtednessF.kindG.mannerH.mercifullyI.oneJ.obeyK.renownedL.subscribeM.unknownN.virtueO.widespread Afewyearsago,auniversityprofessortriedalittleexperiment.HesentChristmascardstoasampleofperfectstrangers.Althoughheexpectedsomereaction,theresponsehereceivedwasamazing–holidaycardsaddressedtohimcamepouringbackfromthepeoplewhohadnevermetnorheardofhim.Thegreatmajorityofthosewhoreturnedacardneverinquiredintothesentoneinreturn.Thisstudyshowstheactionofoneofthemostpowerfulofweaponsofinfluencearoundus–theruleofreciprocation.Therulesaysthatweshouldtrytorepay,in______(33),whatanotherpersonhasprovidedus.Ifawomandoesusafavor,weshoulddoher______(34)inreturn;ifamansendsusabirthdaypresent,weshouldrememberhisbirthdaywithagiftofourown;ifa______invitesustoaparty,weshouldbesuretoinvitethemtooneofours.By______(36)ofthereciprocityrule,then,weareobligedtothefuturerepaymentoffavors,gifts,invitations,andthelike.Sotypicalisitfor______(37)tocompanythereceiptofsuchthingsthatatermlike“muchobliged”hasbecomeasynonymfor“thankyou,”notonlyintheEnglishlanguagebutinothersaswell.withitisitspervasivenessinhumanculture.Itisso______(39)thatafterintensivestudy,sociologistscanreportthatthereisnohumansocietythatdoesnot______(40)totherule.

SECTIONAMULTIPLECHOICEQUESTIONS Inthissectiontherearethreepassagesfollowedbytenmultiplechoicequestions.Foreachmultiplechoicequestion,therearefoursuggestedanswersmarkedA,B,C,andD.ChoosetheonethatyouthinkisthebestanswerandmarkyouranswersonANSWERSHEETTWO. (1)TheearliestsettlerscametotheNorthAmericancontinenttoestablishcolonieswhichwerefreefromthecontrolsthatexistedinEuropeansocieties.Theywantedtoescapethecontrolsplacedontheirlivesbykingsandgovernments,priestsandchurched,noblemenandaristocrats.ThehistoricdecisionsmadebythosefirstsettlershavehadaprofoundeffectontheshapingoftheAmericancharacter.Bylimitingthepowerofthegovernmentandthechurchesandeliminatingaformalaristocracy,theycreatedaclimateoffreedomwheretheemphasiswasontheindividual.IndividualfreedomisprobablythemostbasicofallAmericanvalues.By“freedom,”Americansmeanthedesireandtheabilityofallindividualstocontroltheirowndestinywithoutoutsideinterferencefromthegovernment,arulingnobleclass,thechurch,oranyotherorganizedauthority. (2)Thereis,however,apricetobepaidforthisindividualfreedom:self-reliance.ItmeansthatAmericansbelievethattheyshouldstandontheirownfeet,achievingbothfinancialandemotionalindependencefromtheirparentsasearlyaspossible,usuallybyage18or21. (3)AsecondimportantreasonwhyimmigrantshavetraditionallybeendrawntotheUnitedStatesisthebeliefthateveryonehasanequalchancetoenterachanceandsucceedinthegame.BecausetitlesofnobilitywereforbiddenintheConstitution,noformalclasssystemdevelopedintheUS. (4)Thereis,however,apricetobepaidforthisequalityofopportunity:competition.Ifmuchoflifeisseenasarace,thenapersonmustruntheraceinordertosucceed;apersonmustcompetewithothers.ThepressuresofcompetitioninthelifeofanAmericanbegininchildhoodandcontinueuntilretirementfromwork.Infact,anygroupofpeoplewhodoesnocompetesuccessfullydoesnotfitintothemainstreamofAmericanlifeaswellasthosewhodo. (5)AthirdreasonwhyimmigrantshavetraditionallycometotheUnitedStatesistohaveabetterlife.Becauseofitsabundantnaturalresources,theUnitedStatesappearedtobea“landofplenty”wheremillionscouldcometoseektheirfortunes.Thephrase“goingfromragstoriches”becameasloganfortheAmericandream.Manypeopledidachievematerialsuccess.MaterialwealthbecameavaluetotheAmericanpeople,anditalsobecameanacceptedmeasureofsocialstatus. (6)Americanspayaprice,however,fortheirmaterialwealth:hardwork.HardworkhasbeenbothnecessaryandrewardingformostAmericansthroughouttheirhistory.Insomeways,materialpossessionsareseenasevidenceofpeople’sabilities.BarryGoldwater,acandidateforthepresidencyin1964,saidthatmostpoorpeoplearepoorbecausetheydeservetobe.MostAmericanswouldfindthisaharshstatement,butmanymightthinktherewassometruthinit. (7)ThesebasicvaluesdonottellthewholestoryoftheAmericancharacter.Rather,theyshouldbethoughtofasthemes,aswecontinuetoexploremorefacetsoftheAmericancharacterandhowitaffectslifeintheUnitedStates.Para.4seemstosuggestthat_______.AmericansarebornwithasenseofcompetitionthepressureofcompetitionbeginswhenonestartsworksuccessfulcompetitionisessentialinAmericansocietycompetitionresultsinequalityofopportunities

WhichofthefollowingmethodsdoestheauthormainlyuseinexplainingAmericanvalues?Comparison.Causeandeffect.Definition.Processanalysis. (1)TheNobelsaretheoriginals,ofcourse.AlfredNobel,themanwhoinventeddeadlyexplosives,decidedtotryanddosomethinggoodwithallthemoneyheearned,andgaveprizestopeoplewhomadeprogressinliterature,science,economicsand–perhapsmostimportantly–peace. (2)NotallawardsareasnobleastheNobels.Eventhoughmostcountrieshaveasystemforrecognizing,honoringandrewardingpeoplewhohavedonesomethinggoodintheircountries,therearenowhundredsofawardsandawardsceremoniesforallkindsofthings.(3)TheOscarsareprobablythemostfamous,atimeforthe(mostly)Americanfilmindustrytotellitselfhowgooditis,anannualopportunityforbigstarstogiveeachotherawardsandmaketearfulspeeches.AswellasthattherearealsotheGoldenGlobes,apparentlyforthesamething.(4)Butit’snotonlyfilms–nowtherearealsoGrammies,Brits,theMercuryPrizeandtheMTVandQawardsformusic.InBritain,awriterwhowinstheBookerprizecanexpecttoseetheirdifficult,literarynovelhitthebestsellerlistsandcompetewith“TheDaVinciCode”forpopularity.TheTurnerPrizeisanawardforaBritishcontemporaryartist–eachyearitcausescontroversybyapparentlygivinglotsofmoneytoartistswhodothingslikedisplayingtheirbeds,putanimalsinglasscasesor–thisyear–buildagardenshed.(5)Awardsdon’tonlyexistforthearts.TherearenowawardsforSportsPersonalityoftheYear,forEuropeanFootballeroftheyearandWorldFootballeroftheYear.Thisseemsverystrange–sometimesawardscanbegoodtogiverecognitiontopeoplewhodeserveit,ortohelppeoplewhodon’tmakealotofmoneycarryontheirworkwithoutworryingaboutfinances,butprofessionalsoccerplayersthesedayscertainlyaren’tshortofcash!(6)Manysmalltownsandcommunitiesallovertheworldalsohavetheirownawardsceremonies,forlocalwritersorartists,orjustforpeoplewhohavegraduatedfromhighschoolorgotauniversitydegree.EventheBritishCouncilhasitsownawardsfor“InnovationinEnglishLanguageTeaching”.(7)Whyhavealltheseawardsandceremoniesappearedrecently?Shakespeareneverwonaprize,nordidLeonardodaVinciorAdamSmithorCharlesDickens.(8)Itwouldbepossibletosay,however,thatinthepast,scientistsandartistscouldwin“patronage”fromrichpeople–akingoralordwouldgivetheartistorscientistmoneytohavethempainttheirpalacesorhelpthemdevelopnewwaysofmakingmoney.Withthechangeinsocialsystemsacrosstheworld,thisnolongerhappens.Scientificresearchisnoweitherfundedbythegovernmentorbyprivatecompanies.(9)Perhapsawardsceremoniesarejustthemostrecentfaceofthisprocess.(10)However,thereismoretoitthanthat.WhenafilmwinsanOscar,manymorepeoplewillgoandseeit,orbuytheDVD.WhenawriterwinstheNobelprize,manymorepeoplebuytheirbooks.WhenagroupwinstheMTVawards,theceremonyisseenbyhundredsofthousandsofpeopleacrosstheworld.Theresult?Thegroupsellsslotsmorerecords.(11)Mostawardsceremoniesarenowsponsoredbybigorganizationsorcompanies.Thismeansthatitisnotonlythepersonwhowinstheawardwhobenefits–butalsothesponsors.TheMTVawards,forexample,aregreatforpublicizingnotonlymusic,butalsoMTVitself!(12)Onthesurface,itseemstobea“win-win”situation,witheveryonebeinghappy,butletmeaskyouaquestion–howfardoyouthinkthatpublicityandmarketingarewinninghere,andhowmuchgenuinerecognitionofachievementistakingplace?

Whatistheauthor’stonewhenhementionsawardssuchastheOscars,theGoldenGlobesandGrammies(Paras.3&4)?Amused.Appreciative.Sarcastic.Serious.

AccordingtoPara.4,whatwouldhappentoawardwinningwriters?Theywouldenjoyamuchlargerreadership.Theywouldturntopopularnovelwriting.Theywouldcontinuenon-fictionwriting.Theywouldtrycontroversialformsofart.

WhichofthefollowingstatementsbestsumsupPara.6?Awardsceremoniesareheldforlocalpeople.Awardsceremoniesareheldonimportantoccasions.Awardsceremoniesareheldincertainprofessions.Awardsceremoniesareheldofallsortsofreasons.

AccordingtoPara.8,onedifferencebetweenscientistsandartistsinthepastandthoseatpresentliesin_______.natureofworkpersonalcontactsourceoffundingsocialstatusItcanbeconcludedfromPara.12thattheauthorthinksawards_______.promotemarketratherthanachievementsdogoodtobothmarketandpopularityhelpthosewhoarereallytalentedareeffectiveinmakingpeoplepopular

(1)KnowingthatMrs.Mallardwassufferingfromahearttrouble,greatcarewastakentobreaktoherasgentlyaspossiblethenewsofherhusband’sdeath.(2)ItwashersisterJosephinewhotoldher,inbrokensentence.Herhusband’sfriendRichardswasthere,too,nearher.Itwashewhohadbeeninthenewspaperofficewhennewsoftherailroaddisasterwasreceived,withBrentlyMallard’snameleadingthelistof“killed.”Hehadonlytakenthetimetoassurehimselfofitstruthbyasecondtelegram.(3)Sheweptatonce,inhersister’sarms.Whenthestormofgriefhadspentitselfshewentawaytoherroomalone.Shewouldhavenoonefollowher.(4)downbyaphysicalexhaustionthathauntedherbodyandseemedtoreachintohersoul.(5)Shecouldseeintheopensquarebeforeherhousethetopsoftrees.Thedeliciousbreathofrainwasintheair.Inthestreetbelowapeddlerwascryinghiswares.Thenotesofadistantsongwhichsomeonewassingingreachedherfaintly,andcountlesssparrowsweretwitteringintheeaves.(6)Therewerepatchesofblueskyshowinghereandtherethroughthecloudsthathadmetandpiledoneabovetheotherinthewestfacingherwindow.(7)Shesatwithherheadthrownbackuponthecushionofthechair,quitemotionless,exceptwhenasobcameupintoherthroatandshookher,asachildwhohascrieditselftosleepcontinuestosobinitsdreams.(8)Shewasyoung,withafair,calmface,whoselinesbespokerepressionandevenacertainstrength.Butnowtherewasadullstareinhereyes,whosegazewasfixedoutthereononeofthosepatchesofbluesky.Itwasnotaglanceofreflection,butratherindicatedasuspensionofintelligentthought.(9)Therewassomethingcomingtoherandshewaswaitingforit,fearfully.Whatwasit?Shedidnotknow;itwastoosubtleandelusivetoname.Butshefeltit,creepingoutofthesky,reachingtowardherthroughthesounds,thescents,thecolorthatfilledtheair.(10)Nowherbosomroseandfelltumultuously.Shewasbeginningtorecognizethisthingthatwasapproachingtopossessher,andshewasstrivingtobeatitbackwithherwill–aspowerlessashertwowhiteslenderhandswouldhavebeen.(11)Whensheabandonedherselfalittlewhisperedwordescapedherslightlypartedlips.Shesaiditoverandoverunderherbreath:“free,free,free!”Thevacantstareandthelookofterrorthathadfolloweditwentfromhereyes.Theystayedkeenandbright.Herpulsesbeatfast,andthecoursingbloodwarmedandrelaxedeveryinchofherbody.(12)Sheknewthatshewouldweepagainwhenshesawthekind,tenderhandsfoldedindeath;theface,fixedandgrayanddead.Butshesawbeyondthatbittermomentalongprocessionofyearstocomethatwouldbelongtoherabsolutely.Andsheopenedandspreadherarmsouttotheminwelcome.(13)Therewouldbenopowerfulwillbendinghersinthatblindpersistencewithwhichmenandwomenbelievetheyhavearighttoimposeaprivatewilluponafellow-creature.(14)Andyetshehadlovedhim–sometimes.Oftenshehadnot.Whatdiditmatter!Whatcouldlove,theunsolvedmystery,countforinfaceofthispossessionofself-assertionwhichshesuddenlyrecognizedasthestrongestimpulseofherbeing!(15)“Free!Bodyandsoulfree!”shekeptwhispering.(16)Josephinewaskneelingbeforethecloseddoorwithherlipstothekeyhole,imploringforadmission.“Louise,openthedoor!Ibeg;openthedoor–youwillmakeyourselfill.Whatareyoudoing,Louise?Forheaven’ssakeopenthedoor.”(17)“Goaway.Iamnotmakingmyselfill.”No;shewasdrinkinginaveryelixir（长生不老药）oflifethroughthatopenwindow.(18)Herfancywasrunningriotalongthosedaysaheadofher.Springdays,andsummerdays,andallsortsofdaysthatwouldbeherown.Shebreathedaquickprayerthatlifemightbelong.Itwasonlyyesterdayshehadthoughtwithashudderthatlifemightbelong.(19)Shearoseatlengthandopenedthedoor.Therewasafeverishtriumphinhereyes,andshecarriedherselfunwittinglylikeagoddessofVictory.Sheclaspedhersister’swaist,andtogethertheydescendedthestairs.Richardsstoodwaitingforthematthebottom.(20)Someonewasopeningthefrontdoorwithalatchkey.ItwasBrentlyMallardwhoentered,alittletravel-stained,composedlycarryinghisbagandumbrella.Hehadbeenfarfromthesceneoftheaccident,anddidnotevenknowtherehadbeenone.HestoodamazedatJosephine’spiercingcry;atRichards’quickmotiontoscreenhimfromtheviewofhiswife.(21)ButRichardswastoolate.(22)Whenthedoctorscametheysaidshehaddiedofheartdisease–ofthejoythatkills.HowdidMrsMallardgetthenewsofherhusband’sdeath?Herhusband’sfriendtoldher.Shehadreaditfromthepaper.HersisterJosephinetoldher.Herdoctorbrokethenewstoher.

WhenMrsMallardwasaloneinherroom,she_______.satinanarmchairallthetimesatwithherbackfacingthewindowsatandthenwalkedaroundforawhilesatinachairandcriedallthetime

Howdidshefeelaboutherlovetowardsherhusband?Shehatedherhusband.Shewasindifferentnow.Shefoundithardtodescribe.Shehadlovedhimallalong.SECTIONBSHORTANSWERQUESTIONSInthissectiontherearefiveshortanswerquestionsbasedonthepassagesinSectionA.AnswerthequestionswithNOMORETHANTENWORDSinthespaceprovid