英美文学简史及名篇选读 课件 A. English and American Literature I、B.Teaching、C. Introduction to English Literature and Poetry

英国

文学EnglishLiterature(英美文学安排每周2学时，共计授课2学期计划）TeachingPlan

forEnglishLiteratureTextbooksFurtherReading(References)RequirementsLecturesI.Textbooks田祥斌、朱甫道.《英国文学简史及选读》.

北京：

外语教学与研究出版社，2017.II.FurtherReading[1]刘炳善.《英国文学简史》.上海：上海外语教育出版社，1993.[2]王守仁.《英国文学选读》.北京：高等教育出版社，2001.[3]吴伟仁.《英国文学史及选读》1-2.北京：外语教学与研究出版社，2013.III.Requirements1.

Readthetextbooksandreadtheimportanttextsconcerned.2.

Learnthenamesoftheimportantauthorsandthetitlesoftheimportantliteraryworksbyheart.3.

Brieflyinterpretorparaphrasesomepartsofthetexts.4.Commentonsomeimportantliteraryworksbriefly.5.

Definesomeliterarytermsandunderstandthefeaturesofimportantauthorsandthethemeoftheworks.6.

Takepartinthequizaftereachchapter.(20%)7.Attendclass,discussactivelyormakepresentationinclass,anddoexercisesafterclass.(20%)8.

Finaltest.(60%)英美文学（1）重点

I.

英国文学重点时期RenaissancePeriod

RomanticPeriodVictorianAge

II.课程重点英国文学重点作家（姓名，文学地位，代表作阅读分析）：GeoffreyChaucer（杰弗里·乔叟）

WilliamShakespeare（威廉·莎士比亚）JohnMilton（约翰·弥尔顿），JohnDonne（约翰·邓恩），DanielDefoe（丹尼尔·笛福），JonathanSwift（乔纳森·斯威夫特）WilliamBlake（威廉·布莱克）,RobertBurns（罗伯特·彭斯）WilliamWordsworth（威廉·华兹华斯）

GeorgeGordonByron（乔治·戈登·拜伦）PercyByssheShelley（珀西·比希·雪莱）JohnKeats（约翰·济慈）JaneAusten（简·奥斯丁）CharlesDickens（查尔斯•狄更斯）CharlotteBronte（夏洛蒂•勃朗特）

EmilyBronte（艾米丽•勃朗特）III-1

英国文学精读部分

GeneralPrologue(Part1)

GetupandBartheDoorHamlet(ActIII)Sonnet18TheFleaParadiseLost(Excerpt)CrusoeVisitstheWreckTheChimneySweeperARed,RedRoseIII-2.英国文学精读部分

IWanderedLonelyasaCloudSheWalksinBeautyPrideandPrejudice

(ChapterI)OliverTwist(Chapter2)JaneEyre(Chapter23)WutheringHeights(Chapter15)TessoftheD’Urbervilles教材中各章节相关知识点IV.英国文学作品理解

（人物分析，主题，写作特色等）RobinsonCrusoe

OliverTwistPrideandPrejudiceJaneEyreWutheringHeightsTessoftheD’UrbervillesV.LiteraryTerms

（文学术语）1.1须掌握的文学术语（定义和理解）Renaissance(文艺复兴)Humanism(人文主义)Sentimentalism(感伤主义)Romanticism（浪漫主义）Realism（现实主义）CriticalRealism(批判现实主义)

Feminism(女性主义）V.LiteraryTerms

（文学术语）1.2须掌握的文学术语（定义和理解）NarrativePoem（叙事诗）Epic（史诗）Lyric(poem)（抒情诗）Sonnet（十四行诗）HeroicCouplet（英雄联韵体）

MetaphysicalPoetry（玄学诗）SpenserianStanza(斯宾塞诗体）V.LiteraryTerms

（文学术语）1.3须掌握的文学术语（定义和理解）Alliteration(头韵)Ballad（民谣）BlankVerse（无韵诗）ByronicHero(拜伦式英雄)Conceit(巧思妙喻)DramaticMonologue(戏剧化独白）LiteraryTerms

（文学术语）2.1理解和运用类文学术语Allegory（寓言，讽喻）

Allusion（引喻）

Climax(高潮)Comedy（喜剧）Conflict(冲突)Elegy（挽诗）Foot(音步)LiteraryTerms

（文学术语）2.2理解和运用类文学术语GothicNovel（哥特式小说）Image（意象）Irony(反讽)Metaphor(隐喻)Meter(格律)PicaresqueNovel(流浪汉小说)Pun(双关语)LiteraryTerms

（文学术语）2.3理解和运用类文学术语RhymeScheme(韵式,押韵格式)Rhythm(节奏)Satire(幽默讽刺)Setting（文学背景）Simile（明喻）Stanza（诗节）Style(文体)LiteraryTerms

（文学术语）2.4理解和运用类文学术语Suspense(悬念)Tetrameter（四音步诗行）Pentameter（五音步诗行）Theme(主题)Tragedy（悲剧）Tone（语气）UniversityWits（大学才子）VI.考试形式I:FindtheRelevantMatchfromColumnBforEachIteminColumnA(25%)（每小题1分）II:MultipleChoices(15%)（每小题1分）III:DefinitionoftheFollowingTerms(10%)

（每个术语5分，6个中间选做2个）IV:IdentificationoftheFollowingPassages(20%)

（共20分）V:QuestionsandAnswers(30%)（本题30分）(You

need

to

write

at

least

200words

）IV:IdentificationoftheFollowingPassages(20%)（2题，每题10分，共20分）Alittleblackthingamongthesnow

Crying“weep,weep,”innotesofwoe!

“Wherearethyfather&mother?say?”

“Theyarebothgoneuptothechurchtopray.”

BecauseIwashappyupontheheath,

Andsmil'damongthewinter’ssnow;

Theyclothedmeintheclothesofdeath,

Andtaughtmetosingthenotesofwoe.

“AndbecauseIamhappyanddanceandsing,

Theythinktheyhavedonemenoinjury,

AndaregonetopraiseGodandhisPriestandKing

Whomakeupaheavenofourmisery.”Questions:1PleaseindicatetheFullNameofthepoet.2Whatisthetitleofthepoem?3Whatisthe“littleblackthing”?4.Whydoestheboycry“weep,weep”?5Whatdoesthepoemdescribe?6.Whodoesthepoemcriticizeorattack?7Writeouttherhymeschemeofthefirststanza?8.Rewritethesecondstanzaofthispoeminyourownwordsorparaphraseit.EnglishandAmericanLiteratureII

教学与考试要点I-1.

课程重点英国文学重点时期：Modernism美国文学重点时期RomanticismRealismModernismI-2.课程重点英国重点作家（姓名，文学地位，代表作）：ThomasHardy托马斯·哈代Bernard

Shaw萧伯纳JamesJoyce

詹姆斯·乔伊斯VirginiaWoolf弗吉尼亚·伍尔夫

D.H.Lawrence

劳伦斯

WilliamB.Yeats

威廉姆·叶芝DorisLessing多丽丝·莱辛I-3.课程重点美国重点作家（姓名，文学地位，代表作）：WahingtonIrving,EdgarAllanPoe，NathanielHawthorne，HenryW.Longfellow,WaltWhitman,EmilyDickinson；MarkTwain，RobertFrost，HenryJames;KateChopin;ScottFitzgerald，WilliamFaulkner,ErnestHemingway，EzraPound，E.E.Cummings;

WallaceStevens,W.C.Williams，LangstonHughes,T.S.Eliot;ToniMorrison，BobDylan欧文，爱伦·坡，霍桑，亨利·朗费罗，惠特曼，迪金森；马克•吐温，弗罗斯特，亨利•詹姆斯,凯特·萧邦；菲茨杰拉德,海明威，庞德，卡明斯，斯蒂文斯,威廉斯，休斯，托尼•莫里森，鲍勃·迪伦II-1.英美文学精读部分

TessoftheD’UrbervillesTheCleftWhenYouAreOldTheScarletLetterIShotanArrowToHelenOCaptain!MyCaptain

I’mNobody!WhoAreYou?AMatterofHonorTheStoryofanHourFireandIceIII-2.美国文学精读部分

TheGreatGatsby

AClean,Well-lightedPlace

InaStationoftheMetro

inJustDreams;I,TooAnecdoteoftheJarTheRedWheelbarrowBlowingintheWindIV.英美作品理解

（人物分析，主题，写作特色等）TessoftheD’UrbervillesTheScarletLetterAMatterofHonorTheStoryofanHourTheGreatGatsbyAClean,Well-lightedPlaceV.LiteraryTerms

（文学术语）1.须掌握的文学术语（定义和理解）AmericanRomanticism（美国浪漫主义）Transcendentalism(超验主义）Modernism（现代主义）Feminism(女性主义）LostGeneration(迷惘的一代）BeatGeneration(垮掉的一代）BlackHumor（黑色幽默）TheatreoftheAbsurd(荒诞派戏剧）StreamofConsciousness（意识流）Imagism（意象派,意象主义）Naturalism(自然主义）LiteraryTerms

（文学术语）2.1理解和运用类文学术语Freeverse(自由诗）

Gothicnovel（哥特式小说）Image，imagery（意象）Irony(反讽)PicaresqueNovel(流浪汉小说)Paradox(悖论)Parody（戏仿）Aestheticism（唯美主义）LiteraryTerms

（文学术语）2.2理解和运用类文学术语Satire(幽默讽刺)Setting（文学背景）Style(文体)Suspense(悬念)Symbol(象征)Symbolism(象征主义）Theme(主题)Tone（语气VI.考试形式I:FindtheRelevantMatchfromColumnBforEachIteminColumnA(25%,每小题1分）II:ChoosetheBestAnswerforEachBlank

(15%,每小题1分）III:GivetheDefinitionoftheFollowingTerms(10%)

（每个术语5分，4个中间选做2个）IV:AnswertheQuestionsAccordingtotheGivenTexts(20%）V:QuestionsandAnswers(30%)(You

need

to

write

at

least

180words

）英国文学IntroductiontoEnglishLiteratureLiterature--Literatureiscloselyrelatedtothehistoryofcivilization--Ithasaestheticvalueorinstructiveideas.--Ithasdenotativeandconnotativemeanings.(外延和内涵）FunctionofLiterature

--togiveusexcitementandentertainment--tohelpusinEnglishlanguagelearning--toprovideuswithobjectivebaseforourknowledgeandunderstanding--todevelopmaturesensibilityandcompassion--toseebeautyintheworldaroundus--toshapeourjudgment--Literaturehelpsusdiscoverourselvesandidentifywhoweare.

--Literaturecanincreaseyourknowledgethroughenjoymentandinsight--GreaterknowledgeleadstobetterjudgmentsWhydoyoustudyliterature?王守仁：

人类把握世界的基本方式可以分为三种，即实用的、科学的和审美的。文学作品是生活和时代的审美表现，阅读欣赏优秀的小说、诗歌、戏剧、散文作品，是重要的认知和审美活动，是我们精神文化生活不可缺的组成部分。文史哲，习惯将文学放在首位，这是因为文学包括历史的记忆和哲学的睿智。通过阅读文学作品，促进学生语言基本功和人文素质提高，增强学生西方文学及文化的了解。1.提高自身品位；2.感知社会万象；3.享受艺术之美；4.增强语言能力。文学功能（fromWeb）网络评论

四大学科，即哲学、自然科学、社会学、文学--哲学探讨人类生活在物质世界的各种价值观，应该如何生活。--自然科学解决人类和自然界之间的关系，进步与毁灭并存；--社会学研究人际关系，将人与人、人与社会作为自己的研究对象；--文学是人类研究自身的学科，对人性进行深刻解读。哲学、自然科学、社会学多以人类和外在世界为其研究对象。TypesofLiterature:thegenres

Fourgenres:fiction(novel)--novelistdrama/play--dramatist/playwrightpoetry/poem--poetessay--essayist中国的四分法：小说，戏剧，诗歌，散文Poetry--InWesternLiterature,poetryistheoldestofwrittenartforms.--Poetryhasitsrootsintheoraltraditionofourdistantancestors.Whatispoetry?

Howcanweenjoyit?A.Whatispoetry?--Poetryisgenerallyregardedasrhythmiccreationofbeauty.Apoemiswrittentobereadaloudandheard.Itisforustoappreciate.--Poetryhasmusic,rhythmandrhyme(rime).It'sanartisticexpressionofthehumanmindinemotionalandrhythmicallanguage,becauseitisemotional.B.Howtoappreciatepoetry?Poetryisnoteasyforustoenjoy.

1.Grammaticalstructureofapoem(1)Inversion(2)Ellipsis(3)Sentences2.Words(1)Archaicwords(古语词）e.g.thou--youthee--theobjectiveformofyou;thy--your;thine--your(formofthybeforeavowel);thinehour,thineeyes;wilt--will;art--are;

wend--go;hath--has(2)Poeticwordse.g.ere--before;ire--greatanger(3)Poeticdictione.g.gentle=ofnoblebirth(inShakespeareantime:silly=simple;innocent=sillySamuelTaylorColeridgehassaid:Poemsinclude“thebestwordsinthebestorders.”Inreadinganypoemitisnecessarytoknowwhatthewordsmean,butitisequallyimportanttounderstandwhatthewordsimplyorsuggest.That’salsothediction.--toconveythepoet’sintendedmeaning--typesofwords,phrases,sentencestructures,figurativelanguage,3.Culture1)Biblicalallusions(出自《圣经》的引喻)2)Historicalevents3)SymbolC.Generalapproaches1.Graspthethought(theme)2.Beimaginative3.Feeltheemotionofthepoet4.Enjoythemusicofthepoem1.Graspthethought(theme)Poetryistheartisticexpressionofthehumanthoughtsandfeelingsinrhythmical,andemotionallanguage.Itstressesonrhythm,imagery,emotion,andimagination.Theme:Themainideathatthewriterofaliteraryworkcommunicatestothereader.--Apoemiscenteredonathemeoreventhemes.--Apoemtendstobeemotion-arousing.--Themereferstoanideaorapprehensiblemeaninginherentandimplicitinawork.

WilliamCarlosWilliams(1883--1963)

ThisIsJusttoSay

Ihaveeaten我已食

theplums放在

thatwerein冰箱里

theicebox的李子

andwhich也许

youwereprobably你

saving搁置

forbreakfast明早吃

Forgiveme请原谅

theyweredelicious李子味美

sosweet如此甜

andsocold.那样凉。Ice-coldplumsareajoytotaste,especiallyifoneknowsthey’llbemissedthenextmorning.Ifwearrangedthepoemasfollows,itisnotattractive.Ihaveeatentheplumsthatwereintheiceboxandwhichyouwereprobablysavingforbreakfast.Forgiveme,theyweredelicious,sosweetandsocold.Poemscanhavemultiplethemes.Poemscanbeinterpretedfrommorethanoneperspectiveandthereismorethanonewaytoexplainapoems’meaning.Inordertograspthethemesofapoem,wecanaskthefollowingquestions:Whatideasdoesthepoemconvey?Whatdoesitsuggest?Or:Whatdoesitsay?Whatdoesitimply?Whatdoesitmean?2.BeImaginativeImagery:

--Poemscanstimulateoursenses--foritisthroughoursensesthatweperceivetheworld.--Weseedaylightbreakandfade;--Weheardogsbarkandchildrenlaugh;--Poemsincludesuchdetailswhichstimulateourfeelings,andcommandourresponse.Image--Whensuchspecificdetailsappearinpoemstheyarecalledimages.Animageisaconcreterepresentationofasenseimpression,feeling,oridea.Imagesmaybevisual(somethingsmelled),orgustatory(somethingtasted).Imageisthesoulofpoetryaslanguageisthebodyofpoetry.l(a

l(aleaffalls)onelinessl(aleaffalls)onelinessThemeLoneliness寂寞(aleaffalls)（一片叶落下）ImageAseriesoflettersstreamdownjustlikeasinglefallingleaf.Atraditionalsymbolofloneliness.

一个意象可以构成一个意境，意象组合也可以形成意境，即由多个意象构成一幅生活图景，形成一个整体意境。

Animageisapicturemadeoutofwords,andapoemmayitselfbeanimagecomposedfromalotofimages.

马致远的小令《秋思》“枯藤老树昏鸦，小桥流水人家。古道西风瘦马。夕阳西下，断肠人在天涯。”这里的藤、树、鸦、桥、水、家、道、风、马、夕阳、人等都是意象。3.FeeltheemotionofthepoetEmotion:strongfeeling情感，激情Moodandfeeling--Poetryappealstothemindandarousesfeelings.Wemayneverbeabletoknowthepoet’spersonalfeelings.Allweneedknowishowtofeelwhenwereadapoem.Weneedknowwhatfeelingsthepoemevokes,whatsensations,associations,andmemoriesitgivesriseto.4.Howtoenjoythemusicofapoem?Englishpoemsneedrhythmandharmony.Rhythmistheflowofsound,whichcomesfromthecombinationsofstressedsyllablesandunstressedsyllablesinacertainline.Rhythmandharmonyconsistofmeter,feetandrhyme.Rhythmandsoundcooperatetoproducewhatwecallthemusicofpoetry.Thismusicmayservetwogeneralfunctions:itmaybeenjoyableinitself,oritmayreinforcemeaningandintensifythecommunication.

Thepoetmayconveyone’smeaningorexperiencethroughsoundsinseveralways.RhymeWordsthathaveidenticalendsounds:“bad”,“sad”;“grocer”“closer”Theyusuallyoccurattheendofapoeticline.Exactrhymearewordsthathavetheexactsame-soundingending,likecatandhat;greatandweight.Arhymeschemeisthepatternofrhymingwords.ExampleofendrhymeIwishthatmyroomhadafloorIdon’tsomuchcareforadoorButthiswalkingaroundWithouttouchingthegroundAssignlettersA,B,C,D,E,F…foreachnewrhymeEyerhyme(visualrhyme,sightrhyme,spellingrhyme)dive/givesaid/maidcough/boughthrough/thoughlove/proveAPoemcontains:1.Stanza(诗节):Apoemconsistsofoneorseveralstanzas.2.Line(诗行):Everystanzaconsistsofseverallines.3.Feet(音步):Eachlineconsistsofseveralfeet,whichareformedbyastressedsyllable,andoneormoreunstressedsyllable.Footisaunitofpoeticmeterofstressedandunstressedsyllables.MetricalRhythmRhythmisthearrangementofstressedandunstressedsyllables.Meterreferstotheregularpatternofstressedandunstressedsyllables.Meterisbasedonsyllables,indicatinghowstressedandunstressedsyllablesarearranged.Footisappliedwithinasingleline.Meteristhestructurebutrhythmisthemovement,andthesetwoarerelatedtoeachother.Thebasicunitofmeteristhefoot,Apoeticfootincludessixkinds:iambic,trochaic,anapestic,dactylic,spondaicandpyrrhic.Chartofmeters

NamesforMeterExampleiambiambicpreventanapestanapesticcomprehend,ontheseatrocheetrochaicfootballdactyldactylic