2024届新高考英语热点精准复习说明文阅读方法

2024届新高考英语热点精准复习说明文阅读方法阅读中常见文体类型应用文A篇常见细节题记叙文B篇在故事基础上表述道理细节题、人物性格+人物想法、主旨升华、最佳标题议论文

C篇或D篇就某一问题，陈述自己的观点中心句比较好找说明文类型题简介真题再现-结构再现

天津.2020高考引出说明对象[1]Transporthasalottoanswerforwhenitcomestoharmingtheplanet.Whilecarsandtrainsaremovingtowardsgreener,electricpower,emissionsfromairtravelareexpectedtoincreasemassivelyby2050.Ifwewantbiggreenskysolutions,we

needblueskythinking.Fortunately,there'splentyofthathappeningrightnow,particularlytheshort-haulflightspoweredbybatteries.介绍特征及发展[2]HarbourAiristhelargestseaplaneairlineinNorthAmerica,flying30,000commercialflightsin40seaplaneseachyear.Significantly,allHarbourAirrouteslastlessthan30minutes,makingitperfectlyfitforelectricengines."Asanairline,we'recurrentlyintheprocessofturningallourplanesintoelectricairplanes."saysCEOGregMcDougall.Tomakethishappen,theairlinehaspartneredupwithMagniXtocreatetheworld'sfirstcommercialflightwithanelectricengine.分析优势[3]Makingtheskieselectricisn'tjustgoodfortheenvironment,italsomakessoundfinancialsense:asmallaircraftuses$400onconventionalfuelfora100-mileflight,whileanelectriconecosts$8-12

forthesamedistance,andthat'sbeforeyoufactorinthehighermaintenancecostsofatraditionalengine.There'salsotheaddedbonusthatelectricplanesarejustmuchmorepleasanttoflyin.Noloudenginenoise,nosmelloffuel,justenvironmentallyfriendlypeaceandquiet.Ⅰ新鲜事物类真题再现-结构再现

天津.2020高考分析面临的挑战[4]Whiletherehasbeenrealprogressinthee-planeindustry,thetechnicalchallengesthatremainare

keepingeveryone'sfeetfirmlyontheground.Abattery,evenalithiumone,onlyprovides250watt-hoursper

kilogram;comparethistoliquidfuel,whichhasaspecificenergyof11,890watt-hoursperkilogram.Carryingadequatebatteries,however,wouldmaketheplanetooheavytogetofftheground.Inaircraft,whereeverybitofweightcounts,thiscan'tjustbeignored.预测未来发展[5]Thetransition（过渡）fromgastoelectricintheautomobileindustryhasbeenmadeeasierbyhybrids—vehiclespoweredbyboth

fuelandelectricity.Manybelievethesamepatterncouldbefollowedintheair.Fuelconsumptioncouldbe

reducedastheelectriccomponentisswitchedonatkeypartsofthejourney,especiallyontake-offandlanding.态度评价[6]It'scertainlyanexcitingtime

forelectricflying.Withcompanies

likeHarbourAirtakingthelead,battery-poweredplanes,especiallyonshort-hauljourneys,aresettobecomearealityinthenextfewyears.4.Whatmightbethebiggestchallengeofelectricflying?A.Toimprovethegroundservicefore-planes.B.Tofindqualifiedtechniciansfore-planeindustry,C.Tocalculatetheenergyneededtopowere-planes.D.Tobalancepowerandweightofbatterlesine-planes.5.Whatcouldbedoneduringthetransitionfromgastoelectricinairflight？A.Toproducenewelectriccomponents.B.Toincreasebatteryconsumption.C.Tousemixed-powertechnology.D.Toexpandthelandingfield.6.Whatistheauthor'sattitudetowardstheprospectofelectricflying?A.Short-sighted.

B.Wait-and-see.

C.Optimistic.

D.Skeptical.真题再现-结构再现

天津.2020高考考查面临的挑战考查未来发展考查作者态度引出说明对象[1]Asdataandidentitytheftbecomesmoreandmorecommon,themarketisgrowingforbiometric（生物测量）technologies—likefingerprintscans—tokeepothersoutofprivatee-spaces.Atpresent,thesetechnologiesarestillexpensive,though.介绍特征[2]ResearchersfromGeorgiaTechsaythattheyhavecomeupwithalow-costdevice（装置）thatgetsaroundthisproblem：asmartkeyboard.Thissmartkeyboardpreciselymeasuresthecadence（节奏）withwhichonetypesandthepressurefingersapplytoeachkey.Thekeyboardcouldofferastronglayerofsecurity

byanalyzingthingsliketheforceofauser'stypingandthetimebetweenkeypresses.Thesepatternsare

uniquetoeachperson.Thus,thekeyboardcandeterminepeople'sidentities,andbyextension,whethertheyshouldbegivenaccesstothecomputerit'sconnectedto—regardlessofwhethersomeonegetsthepasswordright.[3]Italsodoesn'trequireanewtypeoftechnologythatpeoplearen'talreadyfamiliarwith.Everybodyusesakeyboardandeverybodytypesdifferently.真题呈现【2019年高考真题新课标1卷】预测发展趋势[4]Inastudydescribingthetechnology,theresearchershad100volunteerstypetheword"touch"fourtimesusingthesmartkeyboard.Datacollectedfromthedevicecouldbeusedtorecognizedifferent

participantsbasedonhowtheytyped,withverylowerrorrates.Theresearcherssaythatthekeyboardshouldbeprettystraightforwardtocommerclalizeandismostlymadeofinexpensive,plastic-likeparts.Theteamhopestomakeittomarketinthenearfuture.真题呈现【2019年高考真题新课标1卷】考査说明对象 1.Whydotheresearchersdevelopthesmartkeyboard?A.Toreducepressureonkeys.

B.Toimproveaccuracyintyping.C.Toreplacethepasswordsystem.

D.Tocutthecostofe-spaceprotection.考察特征2.Whatmakestheinventionofthesmartkeyboardpossible?A.Computersaremucheasiertooperate.

B.Fingerprintscanningtechniquedevelopfast.C.Typingpatternsvaryfrompersontoperson.

D.Datasecuritymeasuresareguaranteed.考察发展趋势3.Whatdotheresearchersexpectofthesmartkeyboard?A.It’llbeenvironment-friendly.

B.It'llreachconsumerssoon.C.It’llbemadeofplastics.

D.It'llhelpspeeduptyping.主旨大意

4.Whereisthistextmostlikelyfrom?A.Adiary.

B.Aguidebook.

C.Anovel

D.Amagazine.真题呈现【2019年高考真题新课标1卷】说明文阅读方法新生事物类1.文章结构新生事物类说明文通常按照如下步骤组织文章结构：（1）引出说明对象（2）介绍特征及研发的过程（3）分析优势及面临的挑战（4）预测应用及发展的趋势（5）表达人们的态度及评价2.考查重点（1）特征及研发的过程

Vaccines（疫苗）maysoonmaketheirfirstfilm

appearances.LedbyexpertMaria

A.Croyle,

researchershavedeveloped

athinsheet（thatpreservesvaccinesforlong

periods

without

refrigeration.

）This

meansthecarefullycooledsmallbottlesnowusedtoshipvaccinescouldpotentiallybereplaced

bylightweightfilms(thatcanbemailedinanenvelopeandstoredonashelf.)Croyka'slaboratorybegandeveloping

thetechnologyin2007.Inspiredbyambor'sabillytopreservetheDNAofinsects,theresearcherssetout

tocreatetheirownversion(ofthesubstancebymixing"alotofsugarandaittlebitofsalt,)(muchlikehardcandy,)"Croyleexplains.Thevaccine-containingfilmisadministeredbymouth-sweetnewsformanywhodislikeneedles.Whatcanwelearnaboutthefilm?A.Itcontainsanimal'sDNA.B.Itwillreplacevaccines.C.Itcomesindifferentflavours.D.Itcanholdbio-products.说明文阅读方法(2)优势及面临的挑战常见关键词：advantages,favor,limitation,challenge

"Thesystemcouldbeusedtomanipulateconsumers'impressionsof

products",saytheresearchers.Forexample,mirrorsinclothing-store

fittingroomscouldbereplacedwithscreensshowingalteredreflections.Theyalsosuggestpeoplemaybemorelikelytofindclothesattractiveif

theyseethemselveslookinghappywhiletryingthemon."It'scertainlyaninterestingarea,"saysChrisCreedattheUniversity

ofBirmingham,UK.Buthenotesthatusingsuchtechnologyinashop

wouldbeharder

thaninthelab,becausepeoplewilluseawiderange

ofexpressions."Attemptingtomakeslightdifferencestotheseand

ensuringthatthereflectedimagelooksbelievablewouldbemuchmore

challenging,"hesays.WhatdoesCreedmentionasalimitationofthetechnology?A.Itonlychangestheareasaroundthemouthandtheeyes.B.Itonlyworksinclothingstores.C.Itonlymakessubtlechangestopeople'sexpressions.D.Itonlydealswithalimitednumberoffacialexpressions.说明文阅读方法（3）应用及发展的趋势常见关键词∶find,

Finding

partners

(tomass-produce

forclinicaltrials)

isthe

researchers'

mostpressing

problem,Croylesays.Theyarealsoexploringpackagingmethodstokeeptheirfilmsstableupto40℃.

Sizeisamajoradvantage—aletter-sizedshootofthefilm

cancarrymorethan500doses（剂)ofvaccine，about1/900theweight(ofthesameamount)

(oftraditionaldoses.)Bymakingiteasierandcheapertoshipandpreservevaccinesefficiently,Croylesays,thetechnologycouldvastlyimproveimmunizationrates

theworldover,particularlyinmidde-tolow-incomecountries.Whatwillbethenexturgent

taskforCroyle'steam?A.AdvertisingthefilmworldwideB.Improvingthefilm'scapacityC.Reducingtheshippingcost.D.Seekingidealmanufacturers.说明文阅读方法（4）态度及评价常见关键词：how,like,attitude

Ofcourse,therearealso

importantmoralquestionssurrounding

suchsubtlymanipulativetechnology."You

couldarguethatifitmakespeoplehappy,whatharmisitdoing?"saysCreed."ButIcanimaginethatmanypooplemayfeel

manipulated,

uncomfortable

andcheatediftheyfoundout."WhatdoesCreed'scommentonthemoralissueswiththistechnologyimply?A.Nothingismoreimportantthanhappiness.B.Technologyisunabletomanipulatepeople.C.Peopleshouldmaketheirdecisionsindependently.D.Peopleshauldneglacttheharmofthetechnology.说明文阅读方法补充练习

Inventorshavebeentryingtomake

flyingcarssincethe1930s,

accordingtoRobertMann,an

airlineindustryexpert.ButMannthinksTerrafugiahascomecloserthananyonetomakingthe

flyingcarareality.Thegovernmenthasalreadypermittedthecompanytousespecialmaterialstomakeiteasierforthevehicletofly.Thetransitionisnowgoing(throughcrashteststomakesureitmeetsfederalsafetystandards.)Whatisthegovernment'sattitudetothedevelopmentoftheflyingcar?A.Cautious.

B.Favorable.

C.Ambiguous.

D.Disapproving.说明文阅读方法补充内容：表达作者态度的词正面:positive，optimistic，supporting，approval，favorable，approving反面:negative,pessimistic,passive，disapproval，disapproving,critical客观中立:objective，neutral困惑怀疑：confused，puzzled，doubtful，suspicious，skeptical拓展知识知识小结研究背景[1]Duringaninterviewforoneofmybooks,myinterviewersaid

somethingIstillthinkaboutoften.Annoyedbythelevelofdistraction（干扰）inhisopenoffice，hesaid，"That'swhyIhaveamembershipatthecoworkingspaceacrossthestreet—soIcanfocus."Hiscommentstruckmeasstrange.Afterall,coworkingspacesalsotypicallyuseanopenofficelayout（布局）.ButIrecentlycameacrossastudythatshowswhyhisapproachworks.研究过程[2]Theresearchersexaminedvariouslevelsofnoiseonparticipantsastheycompletedtestsofcreativethinking.Theywererandomlydividedintofourgroupsandexposedtovariousnoiselevelsinthebackground,fromtotalsilenceto50decibels（分贝），70decibels，and85decibels.Thedifferencesbetweenmostofthegroupswerestatisticallyinsignificant;however,theparticipants

(inthe70decibelsgroup—thoseexposedtoalevelofnoisesimilartobackgroundchatterinacoffeeshop)—significantlyoutperformed

theothergroups.Sincetheeffectsweresmall,thismaysuggestthatourcreativethinkingdoesnotdifferthatmuchinresponsetototalsilenceand85decibelsofbackgroundnoise.真题呈现【2021年高考真题新课标l卷】II.调查研究类研究结果[3]Butsincetheresultsat70decibelsweresignificant,thestudy

alsosuggeststhattherightlevelofbackgroundnoise—nottooloudandnottotalsilence—mayactuallyimproveone'screativethinkingability.Therightlevelofbackgroundnoisemayinterruptournormalpatternsofthinkingjustenoughtoallowourimaginationstowander,withoutmakingitimpossibletofocus.Thiskindof"distractedfocus"appearstobethebeststateforworkingoncreativetasks.研究结果[4]Sowhydosomanyofushateouropenoffices?Theproblemmaybethat,inouroffices,wecan'tstopourselvesfromgettingdrawnintoothers'conversationswhilewe'retryingtofocus.Indeed,theresearchersfoundthatface-to-faceinteractionsandconversationsaffectthecreativeprocess,andyetacoworkingspaceoracoffeeshopprovidesacertainlevelofnoisewhilealsoprovidingfreedomfrominterruptions.真题呈现【2021年高考真题新课标l卷】1.Whydoestheinterviewerpreferacoworkingspace?（研究背景）A.Ithelpshimconcentrate.

B.Itblocksoutbackgroundnoise.C.Ithasapleasantatmosphere.

D.Itencouragesface-to-faceinteractions.2.Whichlevelofbackgroundnoisemaypromotecreativethinkingability?（研究过程）A.Totalsilence.

B.50decibels.C.70decibels.

D.85decibels.3.Whatmakesanopenofficeunwelcometomanypeople?（研究结果）A.Personalprivacyisunprotected.B.Limitedworkingspace.C.Restrictionsongroupdiscussion.D.Constantinterruptions.4.Whatcanweinferabouttheauthorfromthetext?（推理判断）A.He'sanewsreporter.

C.He'saprofessionaldesigner.B.He'sanofficemanager.

D.He'sapublishedwriter.真题呈现【2021年高考真题新课标l卷】1.文章结构调查研究类说明文通常按照如下步骤组织文章结构：(1)引出说明对象(2)研究背景(3)研究过程(4)研究结果(5)未来发展II.调查研究类说明文阅读方法2.考查重点(1)研究背景

Choosingtoforgetsomethingmighttakemorementaleffortthan

tryingtorememberit,researchersatTheUniversityofTexasatAustin

discoveredthroughneuroimaging(神经成像).Thesefindings,publishedintheJournalofNeuroscience,suggest

thatinordertoforgetanunwantedexperience,moreattentionshould

befocusedonit.Thissurprisingresultcontinuedpreviousresearch

onintentionalforgettingwhichfocusedonreducingattentiontothe

unwantedinformationthroughredirectingattentionawayfromunwanted

experiencesorholdingbackthememory'sretrievals(恢复).Previousstudies

onintentionalforgettingresearched

.A.thepatternofbrainactivityB.theprocessofrecoveringamemory

C.thewaytoreduceattentiontounwantedinformationD.theamountofattentionrequiredbyintentionalforgettingII.调查研究类说明文阅读方法(2)研究过程常见关键词：carryout,conduct,involve,participants,testTheWhitneyMuseumofAmericanArt,theWalkerArtCenterandthe

MuseumofContemporaryArt,LosAngelesrecentlyaskedresearchers

toconductastudy

tofindouthoweffectivetheirlong-standingteenart

programsreallyare.Theyinvolvedover300formerparticipantsoffourprogramsforteensthathavebeeninexistencesincethe1990s.Alumni,whosecurrentagesrangefrom18to36,wereinvitedtofindouthowtheyviewedtheirparticipationyearsafterthefact.WhatdoesParagraph2mainlytellus?A.Theresultofthestudy.B.Theprocessofthestudy.C.Theapproachwaymeantothestudy.D.Theobjectandcontentofthestudy.II.调查研究类说明文阅读方法(3)研究结果常见关键词：itturnsout,find,concludeItturnsoutthatparticipatinginartprogramsalsohelpskeepteens

enthusiasticaboutartsevenaftertheyreachadulthood:

96percentof

participantshadvisitedanartmuseumwithinthelasttwoyears,and68

percenthadvisitedanartmuseumfiveormoretimeswithinthelasttwo

years.Thirty-twopercentofprogramalumniworkintheartsasadults.Thoughthestudyisthefirstofitskindtoexploretheimpactof

teen-specificartprogramsinmuseums,itreflectsotherresearchonthe

importantbenefitsofengagingwiththearts.Adecadeofsurveysbythe

NationalEndowmentfortheArtsfoundthatchildhoodexperiencewiththe

artshavelinkedartseducationtoeverythingfromlowerdrop-outratesto

improvementincriticalthinkingskills.

Whatcanbeinferredofthestudymentionedinthetext?A.Passionforartsmayremainlonginkids'wholelife.B.Nootherstudiesexistconcerningthebenefitsofarts.

C.Agemattersinhowpeopleviewtheirartexperiences.D.Mostchildrentakingpartinartprogramswillworkinarts.说明文阅读方法(4)未来发展常见关键词：futurestudies，furtherstudies,continue"We'relearninghowthesemechanismsinourbrainrespondto

differenttypesofinformation,anditwilltakealotoffurtherresearchand

replication(重复)ofthisworkbeforeweunderstandhowtocontrolour

abilitytoforget,"saidLewis-Peacock,whohasbegunanewstudyusing

neurofeedbacktotrackhowmuchattentionisgiventocertaintypesof

memories."Thiswillmakewayforfuturestudiesonhowweprocess,and

hopefullygetridof,thosereallywrong,stickyemotionalmemories,which

canhaveapowerfuleffectonourhealthandwell-being"Lewis-Peacock

said.Lewiscontinuedhisstudytofindout

.A.howtocontrolpeople'sabilitytoforgetB.wheretoapplythefindingsofhisteam'slateststudyC.whateffectsupsettingmemorieshaveonpeople'shealthD.ifdifferenttypesofinformationrequireddifferentlevelsofattention说明文阅读方法1.重要信息常出现在：(1)

转折词后

but,however

；(2)表观点处

常见观点表达：suggest/find/prove等

；(3)段落主旨

段首和断尾

。2.出现在以下位置的常为次要信息：(1)

表虽然（尽管）

although，though，while

；(2)

举例子

forexample，forinstance

。III.说明文阅读方法知识小结知识小结

1.Mostautonomousvehiclestest-drivingincitiesnavigate(导航)

byusing3-Dmapsmarkingeveryedgeofroadsidewithalmost

centimeter-levelaccuracy.Butfewplaceshavebeenmappedinsuch

detail,whichhasleftmostareaslikesmallertownsinaccessibletothose

driverlesscars.

2.ResearchersattheMassachusettsInstituteofTechnology(MIT)

nowhavedevelopedanewnavigationsystemthatguidesautonomous

vehicleswithoutsuchaccuratemaps.Thistechnologycanhelpdriverless

carstravelalmostanywhere.实战演练1Whatmaybeaproblemformostdriverlesscars?A.Theyfailintest-driving.B.Theirmapsar