适用于老高考旧教材广西专版2023届高考英语二轮总复习第二部分阅读理解专题五篇章结构(含七选五)课件

第二部分专题五篇章结构(含七选五)英语内容索引基础自诊•夯基固本高频考点•探究突破新题演练•能力迁移基础自诊•夯基固本Ⅰ.词汇复习17(根据汉语提示填入以m开头的单词的适当形式,然后背诵情景,熟记以m开头的课标高频词汇。)【情景】The1.________________(谦逊的)minister2.______________(提到)thattheydidn’treportthenewsoftheplanethemomentitwas3.________________(消失)onthemonitor.Theyweremainlyworriedaboutcausingamessamongpeople.Nowthegovernmenthasmadeupitsmindtofinditandhopestoreducethelosstotheminimumlevel.Atthesametime,someministriesofthecountryhaveinspectedthechiefpilot’s4.________________(现代化的)flat.Buttheyfoundnothingaboutmurdering

motivationsexceptamodern

modelplane.

modestmentionedmissingmodern译文

这位谦逊的部长提到,他们没有在这架飞机从监视器上一消失时就进行报道。他们主要担心这会引起人们的混乱。现在政府下决心找到它,并希望将损失降到最低。同时,这个国家的一些部门已经检查了机长的现代化公寓。但是,除了一个现代化的飞机模型外,他们没有发现任何与谋杀动机有关的东西。Ⅱ.高考范文必背(2018·全国Ⅰ卷)假定你是李华,你的新西兰朋友Terry将去中国朋友家做客,发邮件向你询问有关习俗。请你回复邮件,内容包括:1.到达时间;2.合适的礼物;3.餐桌礼仪。注意:1.词数100左右;2.可以适当增加细节,以使行文连贯。[范文]DearTerry,Howareyougoing?Inyourlastletter,youaskedmeaboutbeingaguesttoaChinesefriend’shome.Now,Iamwritingtoinformyouofsomerelevantdetails.Tobeginwith,accordingtoourtradition,youaresupposedtoarriveearly,sothatyoucanhelpthefamilypreparethedinner,whichismeaningfulandinteresting.Besides,you’dbetterbringsomegifts,likeabookoraChineseknot.What’smore,whenyouareenjoyingthemeal,youneedtoavoidmakingnoiseswhilechewingfood.Hopefully,thesesuggestionswouldbehelpfulforyou.Ihavetheconfidencethatyouwillhaveagreattime.Bestwishes!Yours,LiHua高频考点•探究突破高考对文章结构的考查主要涉及两个层次:一是按段落的组织方法理解文章的结构,二是按写作方法(论证方法)理解文章的结构。把握文章的基本结构有利于理解文章的主题。其考查主要有两种方式:一是在普通阅读理解中,二是在阅读理解第二节七选五题型中。一、篇章结构——普通阅读理解(一)按段落的组织方法理解文章的结构文章的体裁有记叙文、说明文和议论文等,不同体裁的文章,其组织方法是不同的。篇章结构题主要考查考生在理解全文的基础上对文章所描述的事件的发展顺序、所说明事物的结构层次或在论述观点过程中使用的论证方法进行推测、归纳和总结的能力。主要设题形式有:Whichofthefollowing(best)showstheorganization/structureofthepassage?Howisthepassageorganized?方法突破1.平时阅读时要培养良好的概括能力;2.把握各段的要点;3.掌握常见的写作方法(时间顺序、空间顺序、举例论证、对比等)和结构(总→分、总→分→总、分→总等);4.结合不同的文体,全面考虑问题。例(2016·北京卷,D)Why

College

Is

Not

HomeThecollegeyearsaresupposedtobeatimeforimportantgrowthinautonomy(自主性)andthedevelopmentofadultidentity.However,nowtheyarebecominganextendedperiodofadolescence,duringwhichmanyoftoday’sstudentsarenotshoulderedwithadultresponsibilities.Forpreviousgenerations,collegewasadecisivebreakfromparentalcontrol;guidanceandsupportneededtocomefrompeopleofthesameageandfromwithin.Inthepasttwodecades,however,continuedconnectionwithanddependenceonfamily,thankstocellphones,emailandsocialmedia,haveincreasedsignificantly.Someparentsgosofarastohelpwithcoursework.Insteadofpromotingtheideaofcollegeasapassagefromtheshelterofthefamilytoautonomyandadultresponsibility,universitieshavegivenintotheideathattheyshouldprovidethesameenvironmentasthatofthehome.Toprepareforincreasedautonomyandresponsibility,collegeneedstobeatimeofexplorationandexperimentation.Thisprocessinvolves“tryingon”newwaysofthinkingaboutoneselfbothintellectually(在思维方面)andpersonally.Whileweshouldprovide“safespaces”withincolleges,wemustalsomakeitsafetoexpressopinionsandchallengemajorityviews.Intellectualgrowthandflexibilityarefosteredbystrictdebateandquestioning.Learningtodealwiththesocialworldisequallyimportant.Becauseacollegecommunity(群体)differsfromthefamily,manystudentswillstruggletofindasenseofbelonging.Ifstudentsrelyonadministratorstoregulatetheirsocialbehaviorandthinkingpattern,theyarenotfacingthechallengeoffindinganidentitywithinalargerandcomplexcommunity.Moreover,thetendencyforuniversitiestomonitorandshapestudentbehaviorrunsupagainstanothercharacteristicofyoungadults:theresponsetobeingcontrolledbytheirelders.Ifacceptablesocialbehavioristoostrictlydefined(规定)andcontrolled,theinsensitiveoraggressivebehaviorthatadministratorsareseekingtominimizemayactuallybeencouraged.Itisnotsurprisingthatyoungpeoplearelikelytoburstout,particularlywhentherearereasonstodoso.Ourgenerationoncejoinedhandsandstoodfirmattimesofnationalemergency.Whatislackingtodayistheconflictbetweenadolescents’desireforautonomyandtheirunderstandingofanunsafeworld.Therefore,thereisthedesirefortheirdormstobereplacementhomesandnotplacestoexperienceintellectualgrowth.Everycollegediscussionaboutcommunityvalues,socialclimateandbehaviorshouldincluderecognitionofthedevelopmentalimportanceofstudentautonomyandself-regulation,ofthenecessarytensionbetweensafetyandself-discovery.70.Whichofthefollowingshowsthedevelopmentofideasinthepassage?解析:C

篇章结构题。本文第一、二段阐明大学生过分依赖家庭,未实现从受到家庭庇护到提高自主意识和成人责任意识的成功转型,为Introduction。第三段为P1,建议大学生积极探索、实验、辩论、置疑,提升思维能力和个人素养。第四、五段为P2,从两个方面(即Sp1和Sp2)强调了社交行为的重要性。最后两段为总结段。故选C项。演练1Asearlyasthemid-18thcentury,somepeoplebeganraisingdoubtsaboutMarcoPolo’stravels.Theypointedtoseeminglyobviousomissions(遗漏)inhisdescriptionsoftheFarEast.In1995historianFrancesWoodarguedinherbookDid

Marco

Polo

Go

to

China?thatthefamousexplorerfromVenicenevermadeitpasttheBlackSea.ShenotedthathistraveljournalThe

Travels

of

Marco

PololeavesouttheGreatWallofChina,chopsticksandteaamongotherdetails.Furthermore,ChinesedocumentsfromPolo’sdaymakenomentionoftheexplorerandhismen.WoodandotherscholarshavearguedthatMarcoPolobasedhistalesofChinaoninformationcollectedfromfellowtraderswhohadactuallybeenthere.AteamofItalianresearcherssaidthatarchaeologicalevidencedoesn’tsupporthisdescriptionsofKublaiKhan’sinvasionsofJapan.Now,however,researchbyHansUlrichVogelofGermany’sUniversityofTübingenmighthelpproveMarcoPolowastrue.InanewbookMarco

Polo

Was

in

China,theprofessorofChinesehistorycounterstheargumentsmostfrequentlymadebyskeptics.HetriestoprovethatMarcoPolospokethetruth.Hesuggests,forexample,thatPolodidn’tincludetheGreatWallinhisbookbecauseitonlyachieveditsgreatimportanceintheMingDynasty,severalhundredyearslater.VogelfurtherexplainsthatChineserecordsfromthe13thand14thcenturiesroutinelyavoidedsettingdownvisitsofWesterners.HistoriansbeforehimhavetouchedontheseissueswhiledefendingMarcoPolo’shonor.ButVogelalsoreliesonanotherevidence:theexplorer’sverydetaileddescriptionsofcurrencyandsaltproductionintheYuanDynasty.AccordingtoVogel,PolodocumentedtheseaspectsofChinesecultureingreaterdetailthananyothersofhistime.Thisisahint(暗示)thattheVenetianreliedonhisownpowersofobservation.WillweeverknowwhetherMarcoPolotraveledtoChina?Perhapsnot,buttheconsequencesofhisrealorfictionaljourneyarestillfeltacrosstheglobe.OnereaderofThe

Travels

of

Marco

PoloisChristopherColumbus,whosteppedupontheNewWorldwhilefollowinginhisVenetianidol’sfootsteps.Q:Whichofthefollowingshowsthestructureofthetext?B解析:篇章结构题。文章围绕马可·波罗是否来过中国这一话题展开讨论,在第一、第二段提出怀疑者的观点,第三、第四段提出肯定者的观点,最后作者总结全文。(二)按写作方法(论证方法)理解文章的结构篇章的结构安排有如下类型:1.时间顺序,按时间先后顺序说明某一事物的发展,或某一研究由过去至现在的发展情况。2.空间顺序,按照事物的空间结构顺序(从左到右,从内到外,从整体到局部等)进行描写或说明。3.举例论证,用所列举的事物来论证观点,通常列举一些数据、事例等。4.对比或类比,通常以对比各事物之间的共同点或差异为主。主要设题形式:Thepassageismainlydevelopedby

.

The...paragraphisdevelopedby

.

Theauthordevelopsthepassagemainlyby

.

Howdoesthewritersupporttheunderlinedstatementinparagraph...?方法突破1.找出文章的中心话题,找出段落的中心句;2.认真分析文章或段落的内容与中心话题和中心句的关系,以及内容安排形式所属类别;3.逐一筛选选项。例(2017·天津卷,D)Ireadsomewherethatwespendafullthirdofourliveswaiting.Butwherearewedoingallofthiswaiting,andwhatdoesitmeantoanimpatientsocietylikeours?Tounderstandtheissue,let’stakealookatthreetypesof“waits”.TheverypurestformofwaitingistheWatched-PotWait.Itiswithoutdoubtthemostannoyingofall.Takefillingupthekitchensink(洗碗池)asanexample.Thereisabsolutelynothingyoucandowhilethisisgoingonbutkeepbotheyesfixedonthesinkuntilit’sfull.Duringthesewaits,thebrainslipsawayfromthebodyandwandersaboutuntilthewaterrunsovertheedgeofthecounterandontoyoursocks.Thiskindofwaitmakesthewaiterhelplessandmindless.AcousintotheWatched-PotWaitistheForcedWait.Thisonerequiresabitofdiscipline.ProperlypreparingpackagednoodlesouprequiresaForcedWait.Directionsareveryspecific.“Bringthreecupsofwatertoboil,addmix,simmerthreeminutes,removefromheat,letstandfiveminutes.”Ihavemydoubtsthatanyonehasactuallyfollowedtheproceduresstrictly.Afterall,ForcedWaitingrequirespatience.PerhapsthemostpowerfultypeofwaitingistheLucky-BreakWait.Thistypeofwaitisunusualinthatitisforthemostpartvoluntary.UnliketheForcedWait,whichisalsovoluntary,waitingforyourluckybreakdoesnotnecessarilymeanthatitwillhappen.Turningone’slifeintoawaitinggamerequiresfaithandhope,andisstrictlyfortheoptimistsamongus.Onthesurfaceitseemsasridiculousasfollowingthedirectionsonsoupmixes,buttheLucky-BreakWaitwellservesthosewhoarewillingtodoit.Aslongasonedoesn’tcometorelyonit,wishingforafewgoodthingstohappenneverhurtsanybody.Wecertainlydospendagooddealofourtimewaiting.Thenexttimeyou’restandingatthesinkwaitingforittofillwhilecookingnoodlesoupthatyou’llhavetoeatuntilalargebagofcashfallsoutofthesky,don’tbedesperate.You’reprobablyjustasbusyasthenextguy.55.Theauthorsupportshisviewby

.

A.exploringvariouscausesof“waits”B.describingdetailedprocessesof“waits”C.analyzingdifferentcategoriesof“waits”D.revealingfrustratingconsequencesof“waits”解析:C

篇章结构题。纵观全文,尤其是第二、三、四段的首句“The

very

purest

form

of

waiting

is

the

Watched-Pot

Wait.”“A

cousin

to

the

Watched-Pot

Wait

is

the

Forced

Wait.”“Perhaps

the

most

powerful

type

of

waiting

is

the

Lucky-Break

Wait.”可知,作者分析了三种不同类型的等待来支持自己的观点。故选C项。演练2WhydoAmericansstrugglewithwatchingtheirweight,whiletheFrench,whoconsumerichfood,continuetostaythin?NowresearchbyCornellUniversitysuggestshowlifestyleanddecisionsabouteatingmayaffectweight.ResearchersconcludethattheFrenchtendtostopeatingwhentheyfeelfull.However,AmericanstendtostopwhentheirplateisemptyortheirfavouriteTVshowisover.AccordingtoDr.JosephMercola,ahealthexpert,theFrenchseeeatingasanimportantpartoftheirlifestyle.Theyenjoyfoodandthereforespendafairlylongtimeatthetable,whileAmericansseeeatingassomethingtobesqueezedbetweentheotherdailyactivities.MercolabelievesAmericanslosetheabilitytosensewhentheyareactuallyfull.SotheykeepeatinglongaftertheFrenchwouldhavestopped.Inaddition,hepointsoutthatAmericansdrivetohugesupermarketstobuycannedandfrozenfoodsfortheweek.TheFrench,instead,tendtoshopdaily,walkingtosmallshopsandfarmers’marketswheretheyhaveachoiceoffreshfruits,vegetables,andeggsaswellashigh-qualitymeatsforeachmeal.AfteravisittotheUnitedStates,MireilleGuiliano,authorofFrench

Women

Don’t

Get

Fat,decidedtowriteabouttheimportanceofknowingwhentostopratherthansuggestinghowtoavoidfood.Todayshecontinuestostayslimandrarelygoestothegym.Q:Thetextismainlydeveloped

.

A.bycontrast

B.byspaceC.byprocess D.byclassificationA解析:篇章结构题。通读本文可知,作者是通过美国人和法国人的饮食习惯的对比来说明饮食习惯与肥胖的关系,所以选择A项by

contrast(通过对比)。二、篇章结构——七选五阅读理解[考情分析]七选五阅读理解题是在一段约300词的短文中留出5个空白,要求考生从所给的7个选项中选出最佳选项,使补全后的短文意思通顺,前后连贯,结构

完整。题目选项根据句法功能大致可分为:大小标题类、主题句子类、承上启下类、语篇拓展类、概括总结类(注意:承上启下类、语篇拓展类、概括总结类一般为完整的句子;大小标题类、主题句子类可为句子,也可以为单词或短语)。根据空格在句中所处的位置分为:单独成段、句首、句中和句末。[解题策略]1.理顺文章结构层次一般来说,一个段落通常由几个语段构成。我们在分析语段层次时,可以借助连接词语做出判断,但最主要的还是要真正体会句子的意义关系,把握作者的思路,从语序上去发现断续点,理清层次。2.善于捕捉语篇信息语篇信息可能来自上文,也可能来自下文,还可能是上下文的综合信息。3.关注过渡性词语把握语篇中的逻辑关系词,如一些表示转折的连词或副词but,however,yet,though,nevertheless等;表示承接关系的连词so,副词thus,therefore等;表示递进关系的副词furthermore,moreover,词组what’smore等;表示同位关系的词组thatistosay等;另外还有一些表示并列关系的连词(词组)and,also,aswellas,neither...nor...,either...or...,notonly...but(also)...,ontheonehand...ontheotherhand...等。通过不同的连词(词组)或副词(词组)我们可以推知句子与句子之间的不同关系。4.根据位置关系而确定的解题方法(1)单独成段主要考查文章的大小标题,以一些特殊符号、黑色加粗或数字等为标志。如果选择大标题,要仔细研究第一段和最后一段。如果选择小标题,需要把下面的整个段落读懂。(2)位于句首的一般是主题句子类或承上启下类。要关注空格后的内容,特别是注意第一句话。(3)位于句中的主要是语篇拓展类(或承上启下类),重点是空格前后的内容(注意在选项中查找与该内容相关的同义词、近义词、反义词或表示同一类事物的词语等)。(4)位于句末的通常是概括总结类,用于总结本段内容。此时要选择概括性强的选项。例(2020·全国Ⅰ卷)A

Few

Tips

for

Self-AcceptanceWeallwantit...toacceptandloveourselves.Butattimesitseemstoodifficultandtoofaroutofreach.

36

Here’sahandfulofwaysthatwillsetyouintherightdirection.

●

37

Donotfollowthepeoplewhomakeyoufeelnot-good-enough.Whydoyoufollowthem?Areyouhopingthateventuallyyouwillfeelempoweredbecauseyourlifeisbetterthantheirs?Knowthatyourlifeisyourown;youaretheonlyyouinthisworld.

●Forgiveyourselfformistakesthatyouhavemade.Weareoftenashamedofourshortcomings,ourmistakesandourfailures.

38

Youwillmakemistakes,timeandtimeagain.Ratherthangettingcaughtupinhowyoucouldhavedonebetter,whynotofferyourselfacompassionate(有同情心)response?“Thatdidn’tgoasplanned.But,Itriedmybest.”

●Recognizeallofyourstrengths.Writethemdowninajournal.Begintotrainyourbraintolookatstrengthbeforeweakness.Listallofyouraccomplishmentsandachievements.Youhaveajob,earnedyourdegree,andyougotoutofbedtoday.

39

●Nowthatyou’velistedyourstrengths,listyourimperfections.Turnthepageinyourjournal.Putintowordswhyyoufeelunworthy,whyyoudon’tfeelgoodenough.Now,readthesewordsbacktoyourself.

40

Turntoapageinyourjournaltoyourlistofstrengthsandachievements.Seehowawesomeyouare?

A.Feelingupsetagain?B.Wheredoyoustart?C.Nothingistoosmalltocelebrate.D.Remember,youareonlyhuman.E.Setanintentionforself-acceptance.F.Stopcomparingyourselfwithothers.G.Whendoesthecomparisongamestart?【语篇导读】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了自我接受的几种方法,倡导自尊自信、乐观向上的人生态度。36.B

此处为过渡句。根据上文提到的接纳自己有时很难,联系下文的“Here’s

a

handful

of

ways

that

will

set

you

in

the

right

direction.”可知,此处表示“你从何处开始呢?”。故B项合适。37.F

段前空格考查主题句。根据后面的“Do

not

follow

the

people

who

make

you

feel

not-good-enough.”可知,此处表示“停止与别人比较”。故选F项。38.D

此处为段中承上启下过渡句。根据开头提及的“Forgive

yourself

for

mistakes...”以及后面的“You

will

make

mistakes...”可知,此处表示“要记住,你只是个普通人”。故选D项。39.C

此处为总结句。本段讲述要认识自身的长处,将它们写进日记,将你的成就列出来。你有一份工作,你获得了学位,你今天没有赖床。最后总结:无论事情多小,都值得庆贺。故选C项。40.A

此处为过渡句。根据上文中的“Put

into

words

why

you

feel

unworthy,why

you

don’t

feel

good

enough.”可知,此处表示“又感到不安了吗?”。don’t

feel

good

enough与A项中的upset同义。故选A项。演练3(2021·全国甲卷)Swap,Don’t

Shop!Youkeephearingaboutrecycling,right?Butitdoesn’tendwithbottles,cans,andpaper.Clothingtakesahugeamountofnaturalresources(资源)tomake,andbuyingloadsofnewclothing(orthrowingoutoldclothing)isnothealthyfortheenvironment.Sowhattodowithallthoseperfectly-good-but-you’re-maybe-a-little-sick-of-themclothespiledonyourbedroomfloor?

1

.It’sthebestwaytogetridofyourusedclothes,scoreclothesfromyourfriends,andhaveapartyallatthesametime.

Asuccessfulswapdependsontheselectionofclothes,theorganizationoftheevent,and,obviously,howmuchfunishad.It’sreallyeasytodo!Hereareafewpointers.·Invite5-10peoplesoyouhaveaniceselection.

2

,andtheremaynotbeenoughthingstochoosefrom;morethanthat,anditbecomesuncontrollable.

·

3

.Theyshouldalsoprepareplentyofreusablebagstocarrytheir“new”clotheshome.

·Putdifferenttypesofclothingondifferentsurfacesintheroom.

4

.Placeafewmirrorsaroundyourroomsopeoplecanseehowthingslookwhentheytrythemon.Oneofthegroundrulesoftheswapshouldbethateveryonemusttryontheclothesbeforetheytakethem—thingsalwayslookdifferentwhenyouputthemon.

·Setastartingtime.Maybeyousay“go”,orturnonacertainsong,orwhatever.

5

.Anddon’tforgettoputoutsomecookiesandfruits.Remember,it’saparty!

A.LesspeoplethanthatB.HoldaclothingswapC.IftwopeoplearecompetingD.JustkeepmusicplayingthroughoutE.DonatewhateverclothesareleftoverF.HaveeveryoneputtheirclothesintherightspotsG.Telleveryonetobringcleanclothesingoodcondition【语篇导读】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了通过衣物交换来处理旧衣服的方法——衣物交换派对,以及一些具体的流程。1.B

解析:上一句“So

what

to

do

with

all

those

perfectly-good-but-you’re-maybe-a-little-sick-of-them

clothes

piled

on

your

bedroom

floor?”提出问题:那么,怎么处理那些堆在卧室地板上的完美但你可能有点儿讨厌的衣服呢?而下一句“It’s

the

best

way

to

get

rid

of

your

used

clothes...”则说“这是处理你的旧衣服的最佳方法……”。因此,空白处是解决问题的方法,B项“Hold

a

clothing

swap”(进行衣服交换)与此内容相符。故选B项。2.A

解析:根据下文提示more

than

that可知,A项“Less

people

than

that”与此相呼应。句意:邀请5到10个人,这样你就有了一个不错的选择。人比那少,可能没有足够的东西可供选择;比那更多的人参加,就变得无法控制。故选A项。3.G

解析:下一句“They

should

also

prepare

plenty

of

reusable

bags

to

carry

their

‘new’

clothes

home.”是说“他们还应该准备大量可重复使用的袋子,把‘新’衣服带回家。”与此相对应的是“Tell

everyone

to

bring

clean

clothes

in

good

condition.”,即“告诉大家把干净的、完好的衣服带来。”故选G项。4.F

解析:上一句“Put

different

types

of

clothing

on

different

surfaces

in

the

room.”表示“把不同类型的衣服放在房间的不同台面上。”后面的句子“Place

a

few

mirrors

around

your

room

so

people

can

see

how

things

look

when

they

try

them

on.”则表示“在你的房间周围放几面镜子,这样人们在试穿时就能看出衣服是否合身。”由此推知,此处表示“让每个人把衣服放在房间合适的地方。”只有F项“Have

everyone

put

their

clothes

in

the

right

spots”与此相符。故选F项。5.D

解析:前面的句子“Set

a

starting

time.Maybe

you

say

‘go’,or

turn

on

a

certain

song,or

whatever.”表示“设定开始时间。也许你说‘开始’,或者打开某首歌,或者别的什么。”由此推知,在这个过程中“一直播放着音乐”,D项“Just

keep

music

playing

throughout”与此相符。故选D项。新题演练•能力迁移AWhilemostofusarehappytotakethecreditwhenthingsgowell,fewofusarewillingtotaketheblamewhenthingsgowrong.Ratherthantryingtohideourshameorembarrassment,expertsfoundthatwearesimplylessawarewhenouractionsresultinanegativeoutcome.Theresearchmayexplainwhyweoftenfeelithardtotaketheblameforouractions.“Ourresultsuggeststhatpeoplemayreallyexperiencelessresponsibilityfornegativethanforpositiveoutcomes,”saidPatrickHaggard,leadingresearcherandprofessoroftheinstituteofCognitiveNeuroscienceatUniversityCollegeLondon.Inaseriesoftests,participantswereaskedtopressakey.Asoundthenfollowed,eitherdisapproving,neutralorapproving,andtheywerethenaskedtoestimatethetimebetweentheactionandwhentheyhadheardthesound.Researchersfoundthatindividualsexperienceddifferentlevelsofresponsibilitydependingontheoutcomes.Theyalsodiscoveredtheyweresignificantlyslowertorecognizeiftheiractionshadresultedinabadconsequence,comparedtowhentheyhaddonewell.“Effectively,wehavefoundthatweexperienceanegativeoutcomedifferently,notjustretellitdifferently.Wemakeaweakerconnectionwhenthereisabadresult.Andrespondmuchmorestronglywhensomethinggoodhappens,”saidProfessorHaggard.Whensomethinggoesright,everyonewantstotakethecredit,andwhenthingsgowrong,nobodyisinterestedinputtingtheirhandsup.Theresearcherssaidourbrainis“verymuchconcerned”withreward,asgoodresultsarekeytosurvival.Althoughourownperception(认知)ofwhetherweareguiltyofsomethingornotischangedbytheoutcomes,thisdoesnotprovideadefenseifwehavedonesomethingwrong.“Ourexperienceofourownresponsibilitiescanbemisleadingandcanbestronglycoloredbytheoutcomesofouractions,”saidProfessorHaggard.“Wehavetotakeresponsibilityforwhatweactuallydo,notjustforhowweexperiencethings.”

【语篇导读】本文是一篇议论文。文章主要论述了人们很少注意到自己的行为所造成的负面影响。1.Peoplewhodon’ttaketheblamefortheiractions

.

A.alwaystrytohidetheirshameorembarrassmentB.areonlywillingtotakethecreditwhenthingsgowellC.feellessresponsiblefornegativethanforpositiveoutcomesD.arelessawareofwhattodowhenanegativeoutcomehappensC解析:推理判断题。根据第二段提到的“Our

result

suggests

that

people

may

really

experience

less

responsibility

for

negative

than

for

positive

outcomes...”可知,我们的结果显示,比起积极的结果,人们倾向于对消极的结果感受到更少的责任。故选C项。2.WhichofthefollowingstatementsisTRUE?A.Ourlevelofresponsibilitycanbestronglyaffectedbytheoutcomesofouractions.B.Whensomethingbadhappens,nobodyisinterestedindealingwiththeproblem.C.Peoplewerequickertorecognizeiftheiractionshadresultedinabadconsequence.D.Participantswereaskedtocountthetimebetweenpressingakeyandhearingthesound.A解析:细节理解题。根据第四段提到的“Researchers

found

that

individuals

experienced

different

levels

of

responsibility

depending

on

the

outcomes.”可知,研究人员发现个体所能承受的责任度取决于结果。故选A项。3.Howisthepassagedeveloped?A.Bygivingexamples.B.Byquotingresearchfindings.C.Bymakingcomparison.D.Byprovidingdata.B解析:篇章结构题。根据第二段提到的“The

research

may

explain

why

we

often

feel

it

hard

to

take

the

blame

for

our

actions.”和第四段提到的“Researchers

found

that

individuals

experienced

different

levels

of

responsibility

depending

on

the

outcomes.”可知,文章是通过引用研究结果展开的。故选B项。4.Accordingtothepassage,apersonwhoisconcernedwithrewardis

.

A.awkwardB.naturalC.absurd D.stubbornB解析:推理判断题。根据最后一段提到的“The

researchers

said

our

brain

is

‘very

much

concerned’

with

reward,as

good

results

are

key

to

survival.”可知,研究表明我们的大脑会很关心回报,这是因为好的结果是幸存的关键,由此推知一个人如果关注回报也是很自然的事情。故选B项。B(2022·广西桂林、崇左、贺州、河池、来宾高三联合模拟)Doyoulookforwardtospringeachyear?Whatisspringlikeinyourmind?

1

Ifyou’reoneofthefansofnature,youcan’twaituntiltulipsandotherspringflowersburstforthinalltheirglory.

Manyofusalreadyknowthatthere’sadifferencebetweenannualsandperennials(多年生植物).Someplants,calledannuals,growfromseeds,produceflowers,anddieallinoneyear.

2

Thesearetheplantsthatcomebacktobloomataboutthesametimeyearafteryear.

3

Infact,they’resomeoftheoldestplantsintheworld.Someoftheearliestspeciesofnon-floweringplantsfirst,appearednearly400millionyearsago.Botanistsbelievethatthewidevarietyoffloweringplantsweseetodaydevelopedfromtheseolderformsofnon-floweringplants.

Aretheseancientspeciesofnon-floweringplantsstillinexistencetoday?Youbettheyare!Andyou’reprobablyfamiliarwithmanyofthem.Theyarevariousspeciesofconifers(松柏类植物).

4

Thataplantdoesn’tflowerdoesn’tmeanthatitcan’tbebeautiful,though.

5

Theymightnotproduceflowers,buttheycertainlyprovideanattractivebackdropofnaturalbeautythatcanhelphighlightthosefloweringplantsthatoftenexistaroundthem.

A.Mostplantsfloweratafixedseasoneachyear.B.Therearesomeplants,though,thatdon’tfloweratall.C.Theyincludewoodytreesyouknowbynamesuchaspines,firsandcedars.D.Actually,plantsproducingflowersaremorebeautifulthanthosewhichdon’t.E.Perennials,ontheotherhand,canliveformanyyearsandflowermanytimes.F.Besideswarmerweather,itusuallycomeswithcolorandbeautyintheformofflowers.G.Ifyouseepinetreesonasnow-coveredhillside,youcanappreciatetheirevergreenbeauty.【语篇导读】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了几种不同的植物。1.F

解析:前一句“What

is

spring

like

in

your

mind?”提出问题:你心中的春天是什么样子的?空处应是对此的回答,F项“除了温暖的天气,它通常以花的形式呈现出色彩和美丽。”描述春天的景象,且F项中的flowers和下一句中的“tulips

and

other

spring

flowers”呼应,故选F项。2.E

解析:本段首句“Many

of

us

already

know

that

there’s

a

difference

between

annuals

and

perennials.”提到两种植物,空前一句“Some

plants,called

annuals,grow

from

seeds,produce

flowers,and

die

all

in

one

year.”介绍了一年生植物,空处应是介绍多年生植物,E项“另一方面,多年生植物可以活很多年,开很多次花”符合语境。故选E项。3.B

解析:根据空后两句“In

fact,they’re

some

of

the

oldest

plants

in

the

world.Some

of

the

earliest

species

of

non-flowering

plants

first,appeared

nearly

400

million

years

ago.”可知,空处应