2023学年完整公开课版时态和语态

动词时态和语态11年高考语法复习系列二

时态（16种）

谓语动词

语态（主动、被动）语气（陈述、虚拟）动词不定式

非谓语动词动名词

-ing式现在分词分词过去分词一、知识网络动词的时态

表示动作发生的时间和所处的状态

教学大纲要求的常用的12种时态：一般进行完成完成进行现在一般现在时现在进行时现在完成时现在完成进行时过去一般过去时过去进行时过去完成时过去完成进行时将来一般将来时将来进行时将来完成时将来完成进行时过去将来过去将来时过去将来进行时过去将来完成时过去将来完成进行时16种时态的谓语动词的结构一般式进行式完成式完成进行式现在时

过去时将来时

过去将来时时式do/doesdidshall/willdowoulddoam/is/aredoingwas/weredoingwill/shallbedoingwouldbedoinghave/hasdonehaddonewill/shallhavedonewouldhavedonehave/hasbeendoinghadbeendoingwill/shallhavebeendoingwouldhavebeendoing动词加ing的规则:1.直接加ing.playing2.以不发音e结尾的去e再加ing.hoping3.以重读闭音节结尾,末尾只有一个辅音字母的,双写辅音字母再加ing.putting闭音节:以辅音字母(r例外)结尾的音节.bed开音节:以发音的元音字母结尾的音节.no/be或“元音字母+辅音字母(r例外)+不发音的e”结尾的音节.use/site规则动词的过去式过去分词的构成加ed,规则:1.一般直接加ed.played2.以不发音的e加d.hoped3.以“辅音字母+y”结尾的,改y为i再加ed.studied4.以重读闭音节结尾,末尾只有一个辅音字母的,双写辅音字母再加ed.stopped高考考点1．时态的替代现象2．时态呼应原则3．现在完成时与一般过去时的区别4．过去完成时的用法5.短暂性动词的肯定式不能与时间段连用6.will/shalldo,begoingtodo,betodo,beabouttodo与bedoing/do的区别7.七种特定时态1.时态的替代现象（1）在时间、条件状语从句中常用一般现在时替代一般将来时或现在完成时替代将来完成时.Iwon’tgoswimmingifitrains.Don’tgetoffthebusuntilithasstopped.但与if从句中will表“意愿”区分:Ifyouwilllisten,I’lltellyouaboutit.①Sendmyregardstoyourlovelywifewhenyou_____home.A.wroteB.willwriteC.havewrittenD.write②Assoonashecomesback,I’lltellhimwhen______andseehim.A.youwillcomeB.willyoucomeC.youcomeD.doyoucome③Thehousecouldfalldownsoonifnoone______somequickrepairwork.A．hasdoneB．isdoingC．doesD．haddoneDAC(2)表示去向的动词或起止性动词（come,go,leave,arrive,start,move,sail,fly,takeoff,getoff,travel,return,begin,stop,open,close,end,finish,stay等）可用①一般现在时表示按时刻表将要发生的动作；

Thetrainleavesat4:30p.m.②现在进行时表示预定的近期将要发生的动作；

I’mleavingforBeijingtomorrow.③过去进行时表示过去计划、安排好的将来动作。

Iwastoldtheplanewastakingoffsoon.1.--Areyoustillbusy?--Yes,I_____mywork,anditwon’ttakelong.A.justfinishB.amjustfinishingC.havejustfinishedD.amjustgoingtofinish2.Lookatthetimetable.Hurryup!Flight4026______offat18:20.A.takesB.takeC.willbetakenD.hastakenBA3.--WhatwereyoudoingwhenTonyphonedyou？

--Ihadjustfinishedmyworkand____totakeashower.A.hadstartedB.startedC.havestartedD.wasstartingD(3)here,there,now,then等开头的倒装句要用一般现在时替代现在进行时。Look!Herecomestheteacher.(=Theteacheriscoming.)Listen!Theregoesthebell.(=Thebellisringing.)(4)before,after,assoonas

本身“先、后”时间明确，可用一般过去时替代过去完成时。He(had)leftbeforeIarrived.AfterI(had)finishedmyhomework,Iwenttobed.(5)

若干连续动作,如果其顺序非常清楚,又不强调先后，或用then,and,but等词连接时,无需用过去完成时。Hestoodup,wentoutoftheclassroomandsoondisappearedinthestreet.MyauntgavemeawatchandIlostit.She_____herhairstyleinherhometownbeforeshecametoChongqingforabetterjob.A.wouldcomeB.haschangedC.changedD.waschangingC(6)think,want,suppose,guess,expect,hope,wish,intend,mean,plan等表示愿望、打算的动词，可用一般过去时替代一般现在时，过去完成时替代一般过去时，表示现在或过去未能实现的打算、愿望、意图等。Iwantedtostaywithyou,butIhaveanimportantmeetingtoattend.Hehadhopedtoarriveontime,buthiscarbrokedown.--Yesterday’spartywasagreatsuccess.Youshouldhavecome.--I_______,butanoldfriendturnedup.A.hadplannedtoB.weretogoC.mayhavegoneD.wouldgoA(7)makesure,mind,care,matter等后接宾语从句时，从句用一般现在时替代一般将来时。Solongasheworks

hard,Idon’tmindwhenhefinishestheexperiment.2.时态呼应原则宾语从句，若主句谓语是现在时或将来时，从句谓语可用任何所需要的时态；若主句谓语是过去时，从句谓语要用相应的过去时（但客观真理、科学事实、格言警句等仍用一般现在时）。Theteachersaidhewassatisfiedwithus.IlearnedthattheearthgoesaroundthesunwhenIwasinprimaryschool.3.现在完成时与一般过去时的区别(1)

现在完成时强调过去动作对现在的影响，一般过去时表示过去动作的事实。Isawthefilmlastweek.（看电影是上个星期的事，与现在无关）

Ihaveseenthefilmbefore.（强调了解电影内容，现在无需再看）(2)

现在完成时表示过去开始的动作延续到现在，一般过去时表示过去延续了一般时间的动作已停止。

Hewasasoldierfor3years.他曾当过三年兵。

Hehasbeenasoldierfor3years.他已当兵三年了。(3)

没有包括“现在”在内或不是截止到“现在”的时间状语不能与现在完成时连用。Chinawaspoorinthepast.（inthepast不包括“现在”）GreatchangeshavetakenplaceinChinainthepast20years.（是算至“现在”为止）①--Where______therecorder?Ican’tseeitanywhere.--I____itrighthere.Butnowit’sgone.A.didyouput;haveputB.haveyouput;putC.hadyouput;wasputtingD.wereyouputting;putB②Althoughmedicalscience_____controloverseveraldangerousdiseases,whatworriesusisthatsomeofthemarereturning.A.achievedB.hasachievedC.willachieveD.hadachieved③Yearsagowedidn’tknowthis,butrecentscience____thatpeoplewhodon’tsleepwellgetill.A.showedB.willshowC.hasshownD.isshowing

BC4．过去完成时(1)把现在完成时的立足点从现在转移到过去。a.

在told,said,knew,heard,thought等动词后的宾语从句。Shesaid（that）shehadneverbeentoParis.b.

在过去不同时间发生的两个动作中，发生在先，用过去完成时；发生在后，用一般过去时。Whenthepolicearrived,thethieveshadrunaway.

c.

表示意向的动词，如hope,wish,expect,think,intend,mean,suppose等，用过去完成时表示“原本……，未能……”

Wehadhopedthatyouwouldcome,butyoudidn't.(2)．过去完成时不能孤立使用，它必须以过去某一时间为基点，即“过去的过去”，因此只有在和过去某时或动作相比较时才用到它。(1)Iwasgivingatalktoalargegroupofpeople,thesametalkI____tohalfadozenotherpeople.A.wasgivingB.amgivingC.hadgivenD.havegiven(2)Thepoliceman’sattentionwassuddenlycaughtbyasmallboxwhich____placedundertheMinister’scar.A.hasbeenB.hadbeenC.wasbeingD.wouldbe(3)He____morethan5,000Englishwordswhenheenteredtheuniversityattheageof15.A.haslearnedB.wouldhavelearnedC.learnedD.hadlearnedCBD

5.瞬间性动词的肯定式完成时不能与表一段的时间状语连用。

HehascometoBeijingsincelastyear.HehaslivedinBeijingsincelastyear.

他参军三年了。Hehasjoinedthearmyfor3years.Hehasservedthearmyfor3years.Hejoinedthearmy3yearsago.Hehasbeenasoldierfor3years.Itis3yearssincehejoinedthearmy.常见的瞬间性动词有：marry,close,die,arrive,fall,leave,go,break,lose,give,join,jump,receive,buy,borrow,start,begin,graduate等。ⅹⅹ

6.will/shalldo,begoingtodo,betodo,beabouttodo与

bedoing/do的区别(1)shall/willdo表示事先未经考虑，而是临时起意的打算、计划，没有主观性，是纯粹的将来动作。这种用法常见于会话中乙听了甲的话之后作出的反应。①Ishall/willnotbefreetomorrow.②Hewillarriveherethisevening.③---Whereisthetelephonebook?---I’llgoandgetitforyou.④---You’veleftthelighton.---Oh,soIhave.I’llgoandturnitoff.(2)begoingtodo表示现在打算要做某事(往往经过事先考虑,甚至已做了某种准备);也可以表示某种可

能性

(即有迹象表明要发生某事)。HeisgoingtospendhisholidaysinLondon.Itisgoingtorainsoon.(3)betodo

表示按预定计划、安排即将发生的动作;表示吩咐、要求、命令或禁止他人做某事;某事注定要发生。Thenewbridgeistoopentotrafficinthreedays.Youarenottobringanymobilecommunicationmeansintotheexamroom.Youaretostayhomeuntilyourmothercomesback.Ifyouaretosucceed,youshouldredoubleyourefforts.(4)beabouttodo

即刻着手做，后不能接时间状语

(但常与when连用)。Autumnharvestisabouttostart.Theshipisabouttoleave.(5)bedoing/do强调在近期按规定、计划或安排要发生的事。Doyougetoffatthenextstop?Theplanetakesoffat11:00a.m.Areyoustayingheretillnextweek?–DidyoutellJudiaabouttheresult.–Oh,no,Iforgot.I______hernow.A.willbecallingB.willcallC.callD.amtocall(2)–Whatareyougoingtodothisafternoon?–Iamgoingtothecinemawithsomefriends.Thefilm____aquiteearly,sowe____tothebookstoreafterthat.A.finished;aregoingB.finished;goC.finishes;aregoingD.finishes;goBC(3)Inaroomabovethestore,whereaparty______,someworkerswerebusilysettingthetable.A.wastobeheldB.hasbeenheldC.willbeheldD.isbeingheld(4)Hesaidhe___meapresentunlessI_____indoingtheexperiment.A.hadnotgiven;hadnotsucceeded

B.wouldnotgive;succeededC.willnotgive;succeedD.wouldnotgive;willsucceed.AB7.七种特定时态（1） 常见的不确定的时间状语，如：lately,recently,just,already,yet,uptonow,tillnow,sofar,thesedays,eversince,sincethen,for(during,over,in)thepast…years/months等常与现在完成时连用。

Hehasbeeninthelaboverthepasttwoweeks.（2） by,bythetime

表示“在……之前，不迟于……”

常与完成时连用。Bythetimeyoureachthestation,thetrainwillhaveleft.ByTuesday,Iwillhavegotreadyfortheexams.(3).表示“第几次做某事”或在“Itis/willbethebest(worst,only,mostinteresting)/thefirst(second…)+名词+that”结构中，that从句用现在完成时。若is改用was，则用过去完成时。This(It)ismyfirsttimethatIhavevisitedChina.This(It)isthemostinterestingfilmIhaveeverseen.That(It)istheonlybookthathehaswritten.That(It)wasthesecondtimethatshehadseenhergrandfather.（4） Itis/hasbeen+一段时间+since从句,若把is改成was，则since从句中用过去完成时。IhavelivedheresinceIcamehere.Itis/hasbeentenyearssinceIleftmyhometown.Itwastenyearssincewehadhadsuchawonderfultime.（5） 用于hardly/scarcely…when;nosooner…than句型中，主句用过去完成时，从句用一般过去时。Ihadhardlyfinishedmyworkwhenhecametoseeme.NosoonerhadIarrivedhomethanthetelephonerang.（6） “祈使句+and/then/or(else)+陈述句”结构中，陈述句谓语用一般将来时。Useyourheadandyouwillfindaway.（7）

when（这时突然）用作并列连词，前句常用过去进行时或beabouttodo，后句常用一般过去时。IwaswalkingalongtheriverwhenIheardsomeonecryingforhelp.Hewasabouttogotobedwhenthetelephonerang.Turnonthetelevisionoropenamagazineandyou_____advertisementsshowinghappyfamilies.A.willoftenseeB.oftenseeC.areoftenseeingD.haveoftenseeing(2)–DidLindaseethetrafficaccident?--No,nosooner____thanithappened.A.hadshegoneB.shehadgoneC.hasshegoneD.shehasgone(3)I_____alongthestreetlookingforaplacetoparkwhentheaccident_______.A.went;wasoccurringB.went;occurredC.wasgoing;occurredD.wasgoing;hadoccurredAAC(4)BythetimeJanegetshome,heraunt_____forLondontoattendameeting.A.willleaveB.leaveC.willhaveleftD.leftC8.不用于进行时态的几类动词：(P194)(1).感觉类动词：look,smell…(2).情感类动词：like,love…(3).心态类动词：wish,hope…(4).表归属类动词：have,consistof…

高考真题1.Iwasjustgoingtocutmyrosebushesbutsomeone_________it.Wasityou?hasdoneB.haddoneC.woulddoD.willdo2.Iwalkedslowlythroughthemarket,wherepeople________allkindsoffruitsandvegetables.IstudiedthepricescarefullyandboughtwhatIneeded.sellB.weresellingC.hadsoldD.havesoldBB3.Listeningtoloudmusicatrockconcerts_____causedhearinglossinsometeenagers.isB.areC.hasD.have4.Iamtiredout.I_______allafternoonandIdon’tseemtohavefinishedanything.shoppedB.haveshoppedC.hadshoppedD.havebeenshopping5.CathyistakingnotesofthegrammaticalrulesinclassatSunshineSchool,whereshe________Englishforayear.(2007)

A．studies

B．studied

C．isstudying

D．hasbeenstudyingCDD6.Whenhe______thedoor,hefoundhiskeyswerenowhere.(2009)A.wouldopen

B.opened

C.hadopened

D.wastoopen7.---Thefoodhereisniceenough.(2008)

---Myfriend______mearightplace.

A.introduces

B.introduced

C.hadintroduced

D.wasintroducing8.IcalledHannamanytimesyesterdayevening,butIcouldn’tgetthrough.Herbrother____onthephoneallthetime!A.wastalkingB.hasbeentalkingC.hastalkedD.talkedDBA1.----HaveyoufinishedreadingJaneEyre?----No,I_____myhomeworkalldayyesterday.A.wasdoingB.woulddoC.haddoneD.do2.Whenyouarehome,giveacalltoletmeknowyou_____safely.A.arearrivingB.havearrivedC.hadarrivedD.willarrive3.ThediscoveryofgoldinAustralialedthousandstobelievethatafortune________.A.ismadeB.wouldmakeC.wastobemadeD.hadmadeABC4.Barbaraiseasytorecognizeassheistheonlyoneofthewomenwho____eveningdress.A.wearB.wearsC.haswornD.haveworn5.Linda,makesurethetables____beforetheguestsarrive.A.besetB.setC.aresetD.aresetting6.Excuseme.I______Iwasblockingyourway.A.didn’trealizeB.don’treali