课时作业10UNIT4SPACEEXPLORATION含解析必修第三册

观千剑而后识器,操千曲而后晓声泰戈尔曾说过:“只有经历过地狱般的磨练，才能炼出创造天堂的力量；只有流过血的手指才能弹奏出世间的绝唱。”课时分层作业(十)Ⅰ.单词拼写1．Asthesayinggoes“Mysterycreateswonderandwonderisthebasisofman'sdesire(渴望)tounderstandit.”2．Heputdowntheelectionprocedure(程序)forastronautsontheblackboard.3．ItisknownthatYangLiweiisafamousastronaut(宇航员)inChina.4．Theyhadtodoalotofmental(精神的)andphysicaltrainingbeforebeingsentintospace.5．Hemustbeintelligent(聪明的)enoughtobeadmittedintothekeyuniversity.6．NowthecountryhassucceededinmakingrocketsthatcouldescapeEarth'sgravity(重力)．7．UnfortunatelyastronautsonAmerica'sChallengerdiedduringthelaunch(发射)．8．Hewasverydisappointed(失望的)atthenewsthathisparentscan'tseehimoffattheairport.9．HereadsEnglishwordseverymorningsincehehasbeendetermined(下定决心的)tolearnEnglishwell.10．Hehaslivedandlearnedindependently(独立地)atabroadsincehewas16yearsold.Ⅱ.阅读理解AItwasthe51thanniversary(周年)ofthemoonlandinglastyear.Astronomyloverswerenottheonlyonesthatwereexcitedaboutit;publishersalsoofferedanumberofbookstomarktheevent.ShootfortheMoonJamesDonovanLittle,BrownandCompany,$30ThisretellingofthespaceracebeginswiththeSovietUnion'sSputniksatellitein1957tothehistoricApollo11programtwelveyearslater.Thebookoffersdetailsaboutthecharactersofthespacemen,engineersandotherswhomadetheU．S.spaceprogramasuccess.OneGiantLeapCharlesFishmanGettingtothemoonrequiredamillionhoursofwork,thisbooksays.Accordingly,thestorycentersontheengineers，projectmanagersandotherswhoworkedlongandhardtogettheApolloprogramofftheground.PicturingApollo11J．L.PickeringandJohnBisneyTheUniversityPressofFlorida,$45Packedwithhundredsofphotos(somearepublishedforthefirsttime),thisbookreadslikeaphotobookoftheApollo11program.Thephotosaremomentsofspacementraining,aswellastheexcitementoflift­off,thehistoriclandingandthereturnofthethreemen.Apollo'sLegacyRogerD．LauniusAspacehistorianexaminestheApolloprogramindifferentways:asapoliticalmachineintheColdWarandanimportantculturalmoment.ThebookexploresdifferentviewsontheU．S.moonshotprojectfromscientists,politicians,themediaandthepublicduringthespaceraceandbeyond.【语篇解读】本文是一篇应用文。介绍了四本关于登陆月球的书籍。1．WhatisShootfortheMoonmainlyabout?A．Thehistoryofthespacerace.B．Thelift­offoftwosatellites.C．Thecooperationofdifferentcountries.D．Humans'understandingofthemoon.A[细节理解题。根据ShootfortheMoon部分中的“ThisretellingofthespaceracebeginswiththeSovietUnion'sSputniksatellitein1957tothehistoricApollo11programtwelveyearslater.”可知，ShootfortheMoon主要是关于太空竞赛的历史。故选A项。]2．WhosebookshowstheApollo11programthroughpictures?A．JamesDonovan's.B．CharlesFishman's.C．J.L.PickeringandJohnBisney's.D．RogerD．Launius's.C[细节理解题。根据PicturingApollo11部分中的“Packedwithhundredsofphotos(somearepublishedforthefirsttime)，thisbookreadslikeaphotobookoftheApollo11program.”可知，J.L.皮克林和约翰·比斯尼的书通过图片展示阿波罗计划。故选C项。]3．WhichbooktalksaboutdifferentviewsontheApolloprogram?A．ShootfortheMoon. B．OneGiantLeap.C．PicturingApollo11. D．Apollo'sLegacy.D[细节理解题。根据Apollo'sLegacy部分中的“AspacehistorianexaminestheApolloprogramindifferentways”可知，Apollo'sLegacy从不同的角度解释阿波罗计划。故选D项。]BAnewstudyfocusesonK2­18b,anexoplanet(系外行星)liketheEarthdiscoveredin2015,orbitingareddwarfstar(矮星)closeenoughtoreceiveaboutthesameamountofradiationfromitsstarastheEarthdoesfromthesun.“Studieshavesuggestedthatplanetswithhydrogen­richatmospheres(气体)couldhostcertainformsoflife，”BjörnBennekesaid,aprofessorattheInstituteforResearchonExoplanetsatUniversitédeMontréal.However,anewsreleasesays，“K2­18b'slargeatmosphereistoothickandcreateshigh­pressureconditions,whichlikelypreventslifefromexistingontheplanet'ssurface.”WhiletheseresearchersfoundevidenceforliquidwatercloudsonK2­18bbecauseofitslackofsurface，rainwouldn'tpourontheplanet.Withoutarealsurface,landingontheplanetwouldalsobenearlyimpossible,especiallybecausethegasissothickandhassuchahighpressurethatanyEarth­createdspacecraftsenttherewouldbedevastated．TheresearchteamanalyseddatafromHubbleSpaceTelescopeobservationsthattheymadebetween2016and2017oftheK2­18bplanet.Itallowsscientiststodetect(探测)clearcharactersofwaterinaplanet'satmosphere.ThisteamplanstoexpandthisresearchevenfurtherbystudyingK2­18bwithNASA'sJamesWebbSpaceTelescope,whichisreadytolaunchin2021.“Thistypeofresearch，”Bennekesaid,“isleadingtowardsafinalgoalofbeingabletostudytheEarth­likeplanet.”“Wearenotquitethereyet，”hesaid,“butthisisreallyexciting.”【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了关于系外行星K2­18b的新发现。K2­18b这颗行星与地球类似，科学家最近发现它上面有水，但是否有生命存在还有待进一步证实。4．WhatcanwelearnaboutK2­18b?A．Itisaplanetclosesttothesun.B．Ithostscertainformsoflifebecauseofthickgas.C．Itiscoveredwithathinatmosphere.D．It'saplanetmovingaroundareddwarfstar.D[细节理解题。根据第一段的内容可知，K2­18b是围绕着红矮星运动的行星。]5．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“devastated”inParagraph2mean?A．Destroyed. B．Declared.C．Detected. D．Delivered.A[词义猜测题。根据上下文可知，如果没有一个真实的表面，在K2­18b上着陆几乎是不可能的，因为K2­18b上的气体非常厚，压强非常大，任何地球制造的宇宙飞船发射到那里都会被毁灭。因此，画线词是“毁灭”的意思，destroy意为“毁掉”，故选A项。]6．Whatallowsscientiststodetectclearcharactersofwaterinaplanet'satmosphere?A．Theexpansionintheresearch.B．Thegoalofknowingtherealplanet.C．ThedatabytheHubbleSpaceTelescope.D．NASA'sJamesWebbSpaceTelescope.C[细节理解题。由题干定位至倒数第二段的第一、二句，其中的It指代前一句提到的哈勃太空望远镜，即哈勃太空望远镜能探测到行星大气层中水的清晰特征。]7．Whatcanbethebesttitleforthetext?A．HumansHaveLandedonK2­18bB．NASAHelpsExploreanExoplanetC．ANewFindingAboutaPlanetLiketheEarthD．Scientists'DeterminationofResearchingOuterSpaceC[标题判断题。文章主要介绍了科学家发现的一颗系外行星K2­18b，这颗行星与地球类似，科学家最近发现它上面有水，但是否有生命存在还有待证实。]Ⅲ.阅读七选五LifeonMars:Isitreallypossible?NowthatCuriosityisbeamingbackEarth­likepicturesofMartianlandscapes,theoldquestionraisesitshead：couldmanandwomanevergothere?Theansweris,verydefinitelyyes.Thereareanumberofpracticalchallengestoovercomefirst,however.TherearedifferencesbetweenEarthandMars,butalsoanumberofsimilarities.1PhobosandDeimosUnlikeEarth,Marsdoesnothaveapolarmagneticfield.ScientistsbelievethatthetwoMartianmoons，PhobosandDeimos,arecapturedlittleplanets.23FortheannualIGEMorInternationalGeneticallyEngineeredMachinescompetition,studentsaroundtheworldattempttomakelivingcellsperformnewtasks.InpreparationforthehumancolonisationofMars,seedsandorganicmatterwouldhavetobetransportedfromEarthtobegingrowingplantsandestablishingafoodsupply.Super­sizedBeesPlantsneedpollinatorsaswellaswater,andthebestpollinatoronEarthisthehumblebee—andentirehiveswouldbetransportedtoMars.4However,withoutnaturalpredators,theycouldgrowverylarge,indeed.OvercomingChallenges—OpeningPossibilitiesTherewillbeotherchallengestoovercome,forexample,theeffectonthehumanbodyoflivinginafieldoflowergravity.5Rightnow,weoughttowelcomethechallenges.Themorechallengesweovercomenow，themorepreparedwewillbeformovingoutofoursolarsystemandintothegrand,universaladventurethatisaheadofus.A．IGEMB．T