天津大学研究生英语上机考试样题附答案

PART1 (15points)Directions:Inthispartofthetest,therearesomeincompletesentences.Foreachsentence,pleasechooseonefromthefourchoicesgiventhatcanbestcompleteitsmeaning.1.Waterpurificationisthe_______ofcontaminants（污染物）fromrawwatertoproducedrinkingwaterthatispureenoughforhumanconsumptionorforindustrialuse.Departure（离开）removaldismissal（解雇）refusal（拒绝）2.Ofcourse,musiccanbedistracting（分心，转移注意力）ifit'stooloudortoojarring,orifit_______forourattentionwithwhatwe'retryingtodo.Inquires（查询）preaches（宣扬）competes（争夺你的关注）applies3.Thereisonlyonewaytohappinessandthatistocease（停止）worryingaboutthingswhichare_______thepowerofourwill.4.ThroughoffbeyondbyEngineersmayhelpproduceguidedmissiles,industrialrobots,or_______limbsforthephysically（导弹）handicapped.authentic（真正的，可信的）artificial（人造的）artistic（艺术的articulate（发音清晰的，善于表达的）Inmoderntimes,ahandfulof（几个，屈指可数）technologicalwonders（奇迹）thatstartedoutasnovelties（新奇事物）,havebecome_______toourdailyroutines.Compatible（兼容的）vulnerable（弱势的）liable（容易的）indispensable（必不可少的）6.Oneofthemostsincere（真诚的）formsofrespectis_______listeningtowhatanotherhastosay.Virtually（实质上，真实上）finallydailyactually（确实，事实上）7.Somepeoplemayberequiredtoworkshifts（轮班）orexcessive（过度的）hours（超时工作）,whilst（同时）othersfeeltheysimply（仅仅）cannot_______targetstheyseeasunrealistic.Acquirecompletemeetobtain8.Fromprimitive（原始的）developmentssuchasthewheelandpapertotoday'shigh-techgadgets,there'scertainlyno_______ofimpressivedevelopmentsthathavechangedthewayweliveandwork.UseshortagemattersenseWhetheritscheckingtheweather,e-mail,orbankaccount,smartphoneshavemademobileconnectivity（连接）so_______thattoday’syoungergenerationsseemmuchmore“addicted”totheirsmartphones.Imaginablevisibleaccessible（易接近的）feasible（可行的，可用的）10.Formanypeople,animportantaspectofovercomingInternetandcomputeraddictionistofind_______waystohandlethesedifficultfeelings.Alternativerenewablepermanent（永久的，永恒的）changeable11.Mostnewtechnologies,withtheexception（除了）ofthoseassociatedwith（与某某有关）weaponry（武器）,havehadhugely________effectsformostpeopleextendingourcapabilities（能力，容量）andindeed（甚至）ourlivestoanextentthatourancestorscouldnothaveimagined.Urgentformalharmfulbeneficial12.Whatthemassmediaoffersisnotpopularart,butentertainment（娱乐）whichisintendedtobe_______likefood,forgotten,andreplacedbyanewdish.Spentexpendedconsumedpaid13.It'struethathumanityhasseena________of（一系列）crises（危险）,warsandatrocities（暴行）,butthisnegativesideisoffset（抵消）byadvancesintechnologyandculturalexchanges.Successionfraction（一小部分）pairline14.Email,blogs,socialnetworks,instant（此刻，瞬间）messaging,andmessageboardsallowforbothpublicand_______communicationaboutanytopic.confidential（秘密的，亲密的）wordless（沉默的）anonymous（匿名的）verbal（言语的，口头的）15.Economistshavelongfocusedontheconceptofeducationasaninvestmentthat,onaverage,_______welloverthelongterm,forbothindividualstudentsandsocietyasawhole.makesup（弥补） makesfor paysoff（回报） paysforElectronicfilesarereplacing________filingcabinets（文件柜）,andintelligentfacsimile（传真）andcopyingmachinesareappearingtogetherwithavarietyofprintersabletoprintanythingfromletter-qualitycharacterstofourcolordiagrams.consequent（必然的，合乎逻辑的）conversational（健谈的）conventional（传统的）considerate（体贴的）17.Universities,employersandprofessionalbodiesall_______theneedforeffectiveengineerstohaveskillsinmanagementandbusiness.Accredit（委托，授权）admitacquaint（告知，使熟悉）acknowledge（承认）18.Moststudiesoninnovation（改革，创新）haveshownthatitisoftenmoredifficultforlargecorporationsto_______thesamelevelofcreativityandfreedomasstart-ups（启动）.Sustain（维持）containmaintainrefrain（抑制）19.Inmanycases,whatwesayislessimportantthanhowwesayitortheother_______signalswesendout,suchaseyecontact,facial（面部的）expression,toneofvoice,andgesture.Warningoral（口头的）electronicnonverbal（非语言的）20.Whiletimespentonlinecanbehugelyproductive,compulsive（令人着迷的）Internetusecan_______dailylife,work,anderferewith（打扰）takeup（占据）makesforbreakthrough（突破）PART2(15points)Directions:Inthispartofthetest,therearesomesentenceswhichhavebeendividedintofivefragments.Re-arrangethesefragmentsbydraggingthemwiththemouseintothecorrectordertoformasentencesothatitcanmakesense.Re-arrangethesefragmentsbydraggingthemwiththemouseintothecorrectordertoformasentencesothatitcanmakesense.andourscientistsseeinternational3wealwaystrytohave1partofourmodernresearchcommunity5astrongglobaldimensioninourresearchanddevelopment,维度2cooperationasanintegral完整的4Re-arrangethesefragmentsbydraggingthemwiththemouseintothecorrectordertoformasentencesothatitcanmakesense.onceyougraduatefromcollege3andbeginyourcareer4anotherreasonforstudyingmanagement1istherealitythatformostofyou,2youwilleithermanageorbemanaged5Re-arrangethesefragmentsbydraggingthemwiththemouseintothecorrectordertoformasentencesothatitcanmakesense.themoreproficientandconfidentheorshewillbe精明1withthevariouscharacteristics2inmakingjudiciousmaterialschoicesbasedonthesecriteria明智的，恰如其分的标准5aswellasprocessingtechniquesofmaterials3themorefamiliaranengineerorscientistis4Re-arrangethesefragmentsbydraggingthemwiththemouseintothecorrectordertoformasentencesothatitcanmakesense.onthelimitsofscientificfreedom3couldhardlyhavehandled4theirpublicitymoredifferently5whoseworkhastriggeredafar-reachingdebate2thetwoinfluenzaresearchers1Re-arrangethesefragmentsbydraggingthemwiththemouseintothecorrectordertoformasentencesothatitcanmakesense.scientistsbelievesomethingbegan3pressingthegaspedalagain,causing4mattergotmorediluted2expansiontoaccelerateoncemore5butastheuniversegotlargerand1Re-arrangethesefragmentsbydraggingthemwiththemouseintothecorrectordertoformasentencesothatitcanmakesense.fromafunctionalperspective,theroleof1usingexistingmaterials5amaterialsscientististodeveloporsynthesize2newmaterials,whereasamaterialsengineer3iscalledupontocreatenewproductsorsystems4Re-arrangethesefragmentsbydraggingthemwiththemouseintothecorrectordertoformasentencesothatitcanmakesense.detectingthepresenceofpopulations1ofrareandthreatenedanimalspecies2isachallengeforconservationplannersandmanagers3whereananimalleaveslittleornomacroscopictrace5especiallyinhabitatslikelakesandrivers4Re-arrangethesefragmentsbydraggingthemwiththemouseintothecorrectordertoformasentencesothatitcanmakesense.thosefrommorerecenterastoconcludethat3itsmeasuredratewith2theteamthencompared1theuniverse’sexpansionwas4slowingatthattime5Re-arrangethesefragmentsbydraggingthemwiththemouseintothecorrectordertoformasentencesothatitcanmakesense.ofemptyspace:4supporttotheleadingtheorythat2themeasurementssofarlend1darkenergyisanaturalproperty3themoretheuniverseexpands,thestrongerdarkenergybecomes5Re-arrangethesefragmentsbydraggingthemwiththemouseintothecorrectordertoformasentencesothatitcanmakesense.phenomenonlikeinflation,3andthatmatter’sgravitationalpullwillonedaytakeover4andtempertheuniverse’sgrowthspurt5othertheoriespositthat1darkenergyisatemporary2PART3(5points)Directions:Inthispartofthetest,youhave5paragraphsgiveninwrongorder.Pleasere-organizetheseparagraphsbydraggingthemwithyourmousesothattheymakeacoherenttext.Thethirdparagraphhasalreadybeencorrectlymarkedforyou.InthefirstyearorsoofWebbusiness,mostoftheactionhasrevolvedaroundeffortstotaptheconsumermarket.Morerecently,astheWebprovedtobemorethanafashion,companieshavestartedtobuyandsellproductsandserviceswithoneanother.Suchbusiness-to-businesssalesmakesensebecausebusinesspeopletypicallyknowwhatproductthey'relookingfor.在网络业务的第一年左右，大部分的行动都围绕着挖掘消费者市场的努力。 最近，由于 Web被证明不仅仅是一种时尚，公司已经开始相互购买和销售产品和服务。 这种企业对企业的销售很有意义，因为商业人士通常知道他们在寻找什么产品。AnothermajorshiftinthemodelforInternetcommerceconcernsthetechnologyavailableformarketing.Untilrecently,Internetmarketingactivitieshavefocusedonstrategiesto"pull"customersintosites.互联网商业模式的另一个重大转变涉及可用于市场营销的技术。 直到最近，互联网营销活动都集中在将客户“拉入”网站的策略上。Subscriberscancustomizetheinformationtheywanttoreceiveandproceeddirectlytoacompany'sWebsite.CompaniessuchasVirtualVineyardsarealreadystartingtousesimilartechnologiestopushmessagestocustomersaboutspecialsales,productofferings,orotherevents.订户可以自定义他们想要接收的信息并直接进入公司的网站。 像虚拟葡萄园这样的公司已经开始使用类似的技术向消费者推销关于特殊销售，产品或其他事件的消息。Inthepastyear,however,softwarecompanieshavedevelopedtoolsthatallowcompaniesto"push"informationdirectlyouttoconsumers,transmittingmarketingmessagesdirectlytotargetedcustomers.Mostnotably,thePointcastNetworkusesascreensavertodeliveracontinuallyupdatedstreamofnewsandadvertisementstosubscribers'computermonitors.然而，在过去的一年里，软件公司开发了一些工具，可以让公司直接将信息“推”给消费者，将营销信息直接传递给目标客户。最值得注意的是，Pointcast 网络使用屏幕保护程序为用户的计算机显示器提供不断更新的新闻和广告。Nonetheless,manycompaniesstillhesitatetousetheWebbecauseofdoubtsaboutitsreliability."Businessesneedtofeeltheycantrustthepathwaybetweenthemandthesupplier,"sayssenioranalystBlaneErwinofForresterResearch.Somecompaniesarelimitingtheriskbyconductingonlinetransactionsonlywithestablishedbusinesspartnerswhoaregivenaccesstothecompany'sprivateintranet.尽管如此，许多公司仍然因为怀疑其可靠性而犹豫使用 Web。Forrester Research高级分析师BlaneErwin表示：“企业需要觉得他们可以相信他们和供应商之间的通路。一些公司通过仅与已获准访问该公司的私有内部网的已建立业务合作伙伴进行在线交易来限制风险。PART4(10points)Directions:Inthispartofthetest,thereisapassagewith10blanks.Foreachblank,pleasechooseONEwordorphrasefromthelistbelowbydraggingitwiththemousetocompletethepassage.Thesimpleactofsurrenderingatelephonenumbertoastoreclerkmaynotseemharmful—somuchsothatmanyconsumersdoitwithnoquestionsasked.Yetthatoneactioncansetinmotionacascadeofsilentevents,asthatdatapointisacquired,analyzed,categorized,storedandsoldoverandoveragain.Futureattacksonyourprivacymaycomefromanywhere,fromanyonewithmoneytopurchasethatphonenumberyousurrendered.Ifyoudoubtthemultipliereffect,consideryoure-mailinbox.Ifit'sloadedwithspam,it'sundoubtedlybecauseatsomepointintimeyouunknowinglysurrenderedyoure-malltothewrongWebsite.Doyouthinkyourtelephonenumberoraddressishandleddifferently?Acottageindustryofsmallcompanieswithnamesyou'veprobablyneverheardof—likeAcxiomorMerlin—buyandsellyourpersonalinformationthewayothercommoditieslikecornorcattlefuturesarebartered.Youmaythinkyourcellphoneisunlisted,butifyou'veeverorderedapizza,itmightnotbe.Merlinisoneofmanycommercialdata brokers thatadvertisessaleofunlistedphonenumbers compiled fromvarioussources—includingpizzadeliverycompanies.Theseunintended, unpredictable consequences that flowfrom simple actions makeprivacy issuesdifficulttograsp,andgrapplewith.Itishardtodeny,however,thatpeoplebehavedifferentwhenthey'rebeingwatched.Anditisalsoimpossibleto deny thatAmericansarenowbeingwatchedmorethanatanytimeinhistory.Surrendered，probably，brokers，theway，attacks，compiled，deny，categorized，undoubtedly，issues向一位店员交出电话号码的简单行为可能看起来并不那么有害， 所以许多消费者都会这样做， 而不会问任何问题。然而，这一行动可以启动一系列无声事件，因为数据点是一次又一次地获取，分析，分类，存储和销售的。未来您的隐私攻击可能来自任何地方，任何有钱的人都可以购买您投降的电话号码。如果您怀疑乘数效应，请考虑您的电子邮件收件箱。如果它被加载了垃圾邮件，这无疑是因为您在某个时间