山东省枣庄四中九年级英语《虚拟语气专练》人教新目标版

虚拟语气专练虚拟语气(1)在条件状语从句中表示与事实相反的条件。a.与现在事实相反的条件e.g.IfIwereyou,Iwouldgoatonce.IfIhadHIV,IwouldknowbecauseIwouldfeelsick.b.与过去事实相反e.g.Ifyouhadcomeafewminutesearlier,youwouldhavemethim.Ifshehadtoldhimaboutthedanger,hewouldnothavehurt.c.与将来事实相反e.g.Ifitweresunnytomorrow,Iwouldcometoseeyou.Ifhewouldfailintheexperimentthistime,hewouldtryagain.e.g.Ifweweretopanic(受惊,惊慌),weshouldnotbeabletohelp.有时候主句和从句的谓语动词指不同的时间，这时需要用混合虚拟语气（错综时间条件句），要根据实际情况灵活运用，尤其要注意提示语：时间状语。e.g.Ifyou____thatlatemovielastnight,youwouldn’tbesosleepy.haven’twatchedB.didn’twatchC.hadn’twatchedD.wouldn’twatchedIfPaulhadreceivedsixmorevotesinthelastelection,hewouldbeourchairmannow.butfor,without(如果没有)e.g.Without(butfor)theParty,wewouldn’tbesohappy.Without(butfor)yourhelp,Icouldn’thavefinishedthetask.Wemighthavediedwithoutyourhelp.=Wemighthavediedifyouhadn’thelpedus.otherwise,or(否则,要不然)=if…not…e.g.Hestudiesveryhard,or/otherwisehecouldn’tstudysowell.Iwasbusylastweek,otherwiseIwouldhavecometoseeyou.=Iwasbusylastweek.IfIhadnotbeensobusylastweek,Iwouldhavecometoseeyou.(2)虚拟语气在宾语从句中的用法①wish引起的表示愿望的虚拟语气用wish表示对现在的愿望时,从句中谓语动词形式为:过去时(be动词用were).用wish表示对将来的愿望时,从句中谓语动词形式为:would,could,should,might+动词原形

wish用语对过去的事实表示一种不可能实现的愿望时,从句中谓语动词形式为:had+过去分词，或would,could+have+动词过去分词．e.g.IwishIcouldbuyaspaceshipsomeday.Iwishthathewasn’tsolazy.TheexhibitionwassoboredthatIwishIhadnotgonetoit.②wouldrather(that)+从句，表示“愿望”的虚拟e.g.Iwouldratheryouhadgonethere.(与过去相反)

你要是去那里就好了。

Iwouldratheryoustayedathomenow.(与现在)IwouldratheryoucouldgotoAmericatomorrow.ifonly后加句子…“要是……就好了”e.g.IfonlyIcouldlearnEnglishinoneday.Ifonlyitwasn’training.IfonlyJimhadpassedtheexam.IfonlySamwouldreplytomyletter.注:在asif(asthough)引导的方式状语(表语)从句中,动词形式和wish宾语从句中的形式相同。

e.g.Youaretalkingasifyouhadseenthem.HespeaksEnglishasifhewereanEnglishman.Shelooksasifshewouldcry.③用于表示意愿,建议，命令，请求，提议等动词后的that宾语从句中，用(should)+动词原形,这类动词有:ask,advise,arrange(安排),beg,command,decide,demand,desire,determine,insist(坚持要求,硬要),intend,propose,object(反对),order,require,request,suggest(建议)…e.g.Sheadvisedthatweshouldkeepthedoorlocked.Hesuggeststhatsheshouldleavethedangeroushouseatonce.Hisfacesuggestedthathewasangry.(暗示)Heinsistedthathewasinnocent.(坚称,坚持说)Heinsistedthatshe(should)showhimherpassport.其他常用虚拟语气句型Itis(about/high)timethat+主语+should+V.(should不能省略)Itis(about/high)timethat+主语+过去时e.g.Itistimethatyoushouldhaveaclass.=Itistimethatyouhadaclass.

可该上课了(早该上课了，你怎么还不去?)Itistimeforyoutohaveaclass.

该上课了.(上课的时间到了.)Itistimethatyoushouldleave.=Itistimeyouleft.应用举例1.——Didyousubmit(递交）yourapplicationforaMaster’sdegree(硕士学位）？——Notyet.IfI_____toseemyfather,Iwouldhave.”A.didn’tgoB.haven’tgoneC.wouldn’thavegoneD.hadn’tgone【答案】D【解析】Iwouldhave省略了过去分词submitted.2.——Whydidn’tTomgiveyouoneofhispaintings?——Ididn’twantone,buthewouldhavegivenmeoneifI____.A.DoB.wouldC.willD.had【答案】D【解析】ifIhad中省略了过去分词wanted.3.——Doyouthinkthethiefenteredthroughthegaragedoor?——No,ifhehad,Idon’tbelieve_____brokenthelivingroomwindow.WouldhehaveB.hehadC.hewouldhaveD.hehas【答案】C【解析】ifhehad后省略了过去分词4._______I’dhavetoldyou.A.IfIwouldhaveknownitB.IfIhadhaveknownitC.HadIknowitD.ShouldIknowit【答案】C【解析】如果if条件句中包含有should（或had,were),则可以省去if并把should（或had,were)移到句首，而意思不变。HadIknownit=ifIhadknownit.5.I____comeyesterday,butIcouldn’t.A.wastohaveB.mustC.oughtD.haveto【答案】A【解析】was/were+不定式的完成形式构成位于，表示过去所做的计划和安排没有实现。6.——Itisraining,andIhavenoumbrella.——Here’smine,andIinsist____it.A.youtotakeB.thatyoutakeC.thatyoutakingD.youtaking【答案】B【解析】一些表示愿望，请求，命令的动词（如ask,require,suggest,recommend,demand,insist,desire,prefer,order,urge,propose等）后的宾语从句中谓语动词用动词原形表示虚拟（也可用should+动词原形的形式表示虚拟，但在美国英语中常用动词原形。）7.Theprofessorgaveordersthatthetest____before5:30.A.befinishedB.willfinishC.willbefinishedD.shallfinish【答案】A【解析】在suggestion,proposal,order,advice,recommendation,idea等词后的表语从句或同位语从句中的谓语动词，也要用动词原形表示虚拟。此题that引导的是orders的同位语从句。8.Imustgothereearlier.JohnhassuggestedthatI_____anhourbeforethediscussionbegins.A.goB.shallgoC.willgoD.wouldgo【答案】A【解析】suggest等动词无论其时态为过去时还是现在完成时，其后的宾语从句中的谓语动词也是总是要用动词原形来表示虚拟。9.Ididn’tgototheparty,butIdowishI____there.A.WasB.wereC.hadbeenD.went【答案】C【解析】动词wish后的宾语从句需要用虚拟语气。表示过去的愿望用过去完成时。10.Shespeaksasifshe____onthespot.A.wasB.wereC.hadbeenD.is【答案】B【解析】在以asif或asthough引导的从句中一般也要求用虚拟语气。从句中谓语形式与动词wish后的宾语从句谓语形式一样。但在Itsounds/looks/seemsasif后的从句有时也可以用一般陈述语气。例如:Itsoundsasifsomeoneisknockingatthedoor.似乎有人敲门。随堂练习IfI______tenyearsyounger,I_____veryhappy.were,wouldbeB.am,shallbeC.were,shallbeD.am,wouldbe2.——Youcanaskyourbrotherforhelp.——Heisnotathome.Ifhe____,I_____.A.is,wouldB.were,wouldC.is,willD.were,will3.Ifyou____thedoctorsadvice,youwouldhavealreadyrecovered.A.followB.followedC.wouldfollowD.hadfollowed4.Ifhehadnotmissedthetrain,he_____bythen.A.mightgetB.mighthavegotC.gotD.hadgot5.Whatwouldyouhavedonelastnight,ifyou_____towriteyourhomework.A.hadn’tB.haven’thadC.didn’thaveD.hadn’thad6.——Didyoucatchtheplane?——No,ifIhadhurried,I______.A.wouldB.wouldhaveC.couldD.did7.Whydidn’tyoutellhimthetruth?IfI_____you,Iwouldhave.A.wereB.hadbeenC.amD.wouldbe8.——Howdoyouliketheparty?——Wonderful.Ifyouhadcomewithus,you____agoodtime.A.hadB.hadhadC.wouldhaveD.wouldhavehad9.IfI_____outofmyink,Iwouldhavefinishedwritingthepaper.A.didn’trunB.shouldn’trunC.haven’trunD.hadn’trun10.Ifyou_____earlytomorrowmorning,youwouldbetherebynoon.A.havestartedB.werestartedC.weretostartD.hadstarted11.——Didyou