2017年-2023年高考英语阅读真题长难句解析（63-64）讲义-高考英语一轮复习

长难句翻译Havingsufferedsuchheavypollutionalready,itmaynowbetoolatetocleanuptheriver.Mostbelievethefootprintsarenothingmorethanordinaryanimaltracks,whichhadbeenmadelargerastheymeltedandrefrozeinthesnow.长难句翻译解析Havingsufferedsuchheavypollutionalready,itmaynowbetoolatetocleanuptheriver.第一步，判定句子类型，这是一个复合句第二步，分析句子成分①句子的主干是itmaynowbetoolatetocleanuptheriver②非谓语动词作伴随状语第三步整合句子意思:这条河流已经遭受很重的污染，现在要清理为时太晚。原题重现：____suchheavypollutionalready，itmaynowbetoolatetocleanupthelake．（）Suffering B． Havingsuffered C． Tosuffer D． Suffered分析已经遭受了如此严重的污染，现在清理干净这个湖泊可能有点太晚了．解答答案B本题考查非谓语．suffer的逻辑主语为theriver，两者构成主动关系；又already表示动作已经发生，是完成时的标志，只有B项符合题意，故正确答案为B．点评本题属于非谓语动词的考查，应该学会先判断语态，根据非谓语动词与逻辑主语间的主被动关系可以排除部分干扰项；再根据时态排除部分干扰项，从而可以得出正确选项．Mostbelievethefootprintsarenothingmorethanordinaryanimaltracks,whichhadbeenmadelargerastheymeltedandrefrozeinthesnow.第一步，判定句子类型，这是一个复合句第二步，分析句子成分①句子的主干是mostpeoplebelieve....②which引导非限制性定语从句修饰thefootprints③as引导原因状语从句嵌套在定语从句之中第三步，整合句子意思：大多数人相信这些脚印只是普通动物的足迹，这些足迹由于在雪里融化再结冰而变大了。原题重现：Mostbelievethefootprintsarenothingmorethan___11___animaltracks,whichhadbeenmade___12___astheymelted(融化)andrefrozeinthesnow.11.A.hugeB.recentC.ordinaryD.frightening12.A.strangeB.largeC.deepD.rough大多数人相信这些脚印只是普通动物的足迹，这些足迹由于在雪里融化再结冰而变大了。简析：关键词nothingmorethanonly。前面3140句原题重现31.Aftertheirstay,allvisitorsreceiveasurvivalcertificaterecordingtheirsuccess,thatis,whenguestsleavetheigloohoteltheywillreceiveapaperstatingthattheyhavehadatasteofadventure.在他们逗留之后，所有的游客都会收到一份生存证明记录他们的成功，也就是说当游客离开小冰屋旅馆时，他们会得到一份证明，表明他们曾尝试过冒险。简析：含两个分词短语，关键词state表明。Aftertheirstay,allvisitorsreceiveasurvivalcertificaterecordingtheirsuccess,thatis,whenguestsleavetheigloohoteltheywillreceiveapaperstatingthattheyhavehadatasteofadventure.（NMET2001.B篇）________________________________________________________在他们逗留之后，所有的游客都会收到一份生存证明记录他们的成功，也就是说当游客离开小冰屋旅馆时，他们会得到一份证明，表明他们曾尝试过冒险。简析：含两个分词短语，关键词state表明。Receivesurvivalcertificatestatetasteadventure简析：含两个分词短语，关键词state表明。32.Themajormarketforcerestsinthegrowingpopulationofwhitecollaremployees,whocanaffordthenewservice,inotherwords,Shanghai’scarrentalindustryisgrowingsofastmainlyduetotheincreasingnumberofwhitecollaremployees.主要的市场因素取决于白领工人的人数增加，这些人付得起这种新型服务，换句话说，上海的汽车出租行业发展如此快，主要因为白领工人人数的增加。简析：关键词restin依赖Themajormarketforcerestsinthegrowingpopulationofwhitecollaremployees,whocanaffordthenewservice,inotherwords,Shanghai’scarrentalindustryisgrowingsofastmainlyduetotheincreasingnumberofwhitecollaremployees.（NMET2001.A篇）________________________________________________________________主要的市场因素取决于白领工人的人数增加，这些人付得起这种新型服务，换句话说，上海的汽车出租行业发展如此快，主要因为白领工人人数的增加。简析：关键词restin依赖。Forcerestinwhitecollaremployeeaffordindustrydueto简析：关键词restin依赖。33.Thatyouwon’tbeforlongmeansitwon’tbelongbeforeyou’llhavetorecycleyourrubbish.你不会等很长时间意味着过不了多久你就会回收你的垃圾。简析：夹杂主语从句及宾语从句Thatyouwon’tbeforlongmeansitwon’tbelongbeforeyou’llhavetorecycleyourrubbish.（NMET2000.E篇）________________________________________________________你不会等很长时间意味着过不了多久你就会回收你的垃圾。简析：夹杂主语从句及宾语从句。won’tbeforlongitwon’tbelongbeforerecyclerubbish简析：夹杂主语从句及宾语从句。34.Thesewords,Ihavejustmadeup,havetostandforthingandideasthatwesimplycan’tthinkof.这些词，是我编造的，只是代表我们不能想到的事物和观念。简析：关键词makeup编造。(2002年广东省二模)Thesewords,Ihavejustmadeup,havetostandforthingandideas_____________.(think)这些词,是我编造的,只是代表我们不能想到的事物和观念。解析:which/thatwecan’tthinkof考查语从句。thinkof意为“想出;想起”。分析句子结构并结合句意可知,空格处为语从句,其先行词为thingandideas,在语从缺少介词of的宾语,所以要用that/which引导此语从句35.Picturing(Imagining)thefuturewillservetheinterestsofthepresentandfuturegenerations.设想未来有益于现在和将来的几代人。简析：关键词picture活用为动词想象，设想Picturing(Imagining)thefuturewillservetheinterestsofthepresentandfuturegenerations.（NMET2000.D篇）________________________________设想未来有益于现在和将来的几代人。简析：关键词picture活用为动词想象，设想。Picturing/Imagininginterest(除了兴趣以外，有好处，利益，福利，合法权益，利息，利害关系等，此处为利益，即有利于。)generation简析：关键词picture活用为动词想象，设想。36.Decisionthinkingisnotunlikepoker—itoftenmattersnotonlywhatyouthink,butalsowhatothersthinkyouthinkandwhatyouthinktheythinkyouthink.做决策像打扑克牌，起作用的不但是你怎么想的，还包括别人对你的想法是怎么看的以及你对别人的看法是如何考虑的。简析：含较复杂的句型结构notunlike=likenotonly…butalso…不仅…而且…真题链接（2001年广东省广雅中学二模）Decisionthinkingisnotunlikepoker—itoftenmattersnotonlywhatyouthink,butalsowhatothersthinkyouthinkwhatyouthinktheythinkyouthink.Thementalprocess(过程)issimilar.Naturally,thiscardgamehasoftenbeenofconsiderableinteresttopeoplewhoare,byanystandards,goodthinkers.ThegreatmathematicianJohnvonNeumannwasoneofthefoundersofgametheory.Inparticular,heshowedthatallgamesfallintotwoclasses;therearewhathecalledgamesof‘perfectinformation’,gameslikechesswheretheplayerscan'thideanythingorplaytricks;theydon'twinbychance,butbymeansoflogicandskills.Thentherearegamesof‘imperfectinformation’,likepoker,inwhichitisimpossibletoknowinadvancethatonecourseofactionisbetterthananother.Onemistakenideaaboutbusinessisthatitcanbetreatedasagameofperfectinformation.QuitethereverseBusiness,lifeitselfaregameswhichwemustnormallyplaywithveryimperfectinformation.Businessdecisionsareoftenmadewithmanyunknownandunknowablefactors(因素),whichwouldevenpuzzle(困惑)bestpokerplayers.Butfewbusinesspeoplefinditfortabletoadmitthattheyaretakingachance,andmanystillprefertobelievethattheyareplayingchess,notpoker.【小题1】Thesubjectdiscussedinthistextis________.A．theprocessofreachingdecisionsB．thedifferencebetweenpokerandchessC．thesecretofmakinggoodbusinessplansD．thevalueofinformationinwinninggames【小题2】Animportantfactorinagameofimperfectinformationis________.rules B．luck C．time D．Ideas【小题3】Whichofthefollowingcanbeusedinplaceof"Quitethereverse"inparagraph3?A．Quiteright. B．Trueenough.C．Mostunlikely. D．Justtheopposite.【小题4】Inthewriter'sopinion,whenmakingbusinessdecisionsoneshould________.A．putperfectinformationbeforeimperfectinformationB．accepttheexistenceofunknownfactorsC．regardbusinessasagameofchessD．mixknownandunknownfactors【答案】【小题1】A【小题2】B【小题3】D【小题4】B37.Theeasywayoutisn’talwayseasiest.解决问题容易的办法并非总是最容易的。简析：关键词thewayout解决问题的办法。2003年陕西省二模：Theeasywayoutisn'talwaystheeasiest．IlearnedthatlessonwhenIdecidedtotreatDoug，myhusbandofonemonth，toaspecialmeal．I（1）______tomakehomemadebread．Knowingthebreadwouldtaketime，I（2）______itassoonasDougleftforwork．AsIwasnot（3）______incooking，Ithoughtifadozenwasgood，twodozenwouldbebetter，soI（4）______everything．AsDouglovedoranges，Ialsoopenedacanoforangeand（5）______itallintothebowl．Soontherewasastickydough（面团）coveredwith（6）______yellowishmarks．RealizingIwas（7）______，IputthedoughintherubbishbinoutsidesoIwouldn'thaveto（8）______Douglaughingatmywork．Iwentonpreparingtherestofthe（9）______，andwhenDouggothome，wesatdowntoCornishchickenwithrice．Hetriedtoenjoythemealbutseemed______．Twicehegotupandwentoutside，sayinghehearda______．Thethirdtimeheleft，Iwenttothewindowtoseewhathewasdoing．IsawDougstandingaboutthreefeetfromthe______，holdingthelidupwithastickandlooking______．WhenIcameoutofthehouse，he______thestickandexplainedthattherewassomething______inourrubbishbin．Pickingupthestickagain，heheldthelidupenoughformetosee．Without______itwasmywork．Thehot______hadcausedthedoughtodoubleinsizeandthefermentingyeast（酵母）madethesurface______andsighasthoughitwerebreathing．IcouldseewhyDougwasshaken．Ihadtoadmitwhatthe"______"wasandwhyitwasthere．Idon'tknowwhowasmore______bythewholethingDougorme．（1）A．chose B．managed C．had D．remembered（2）A．lookedfor B．gotreadyfor C．startedon D．worriedabout（3）A．weak B．interested C．successful D．experienced（4）A．used B．collected C．doubled D．tried（5）A．poured B．watered C．dipped D．threw（6）A．pleasant B．ugly C．big D．light（7）A．defeated B．injured C．dropped D．lost（8）A．feel B．keep C．face D．stop（9）A．bread B．orange C．rice D．MealA．disappointed B．disturbed C．frightened D．ashamedA．voice B．cry C．shout D．noiseA．window B．house C．rubbishbin D．doorA．around B．upward C．inside D．outA．fixed B．dropped C．raised D．carriedA．alive B．important C．new D．differentA．hesitation B．doubt C．delay D．exceptionA．pot B．floor C．earth D．sunA．burn B．walk C．shak D．workA．art B．work C．troublemaker D．livingthingA．embarrassed B．nervous C．regretful D．Awkward15ACDCA610BACDB1115DCCBA1620BDCDA1．A．考查动词及语境理解．根据上文的…treatDoug…toaspecialmeal可知，为了做一顿特别的饭，我选择（chose）做自制的面包．故答案为A．2．C．考查动词短语及语境理解．A．lookedfor寻找；B．gotreadyfor准备好；C．startedon开始；D．worriedabout担心；因为它很花费时间，所以在丈夫一出门我就开始（startedon）做．故答案为C．3．D．考查形容词及语境理解．根据下文的描述可知，作者在做饭方面是没有经验的．experienced有经验的．故答案为D．4．C．考查动词及语境理解．根据Ithoughtifadozenwasgood，twodozenwouldbebetter可知，作者把所有的东西都加倍了（doubled）．故答案为C．5．A．考查动词及语境理解．根据常识可知，橙汁是倒（poured）进去的．故答案为A．6．B．考查形容词及语境理解．根据下文的Iputthedoughintherubbishbin可知，用橙汁和出的面很难看（ugly）．故答案为B．7．A．考查动词及语境理解．"我"意识到"我"失败了（defeated），所以把面团扔进了垃圾桶．故答案为A．8．C．考查动词及语境理解．"我"不想面对（face）丈夫的嘲笑．故答案为C．9．D．考查名词及语境理解．根据前文她把面团扔掉了及上文的aspecialmeal可知，她必须继续做她的饭（meal），故答案为D．10．B．考查形容词及语境理解．A．disappointed失望的；B．disturbed打扰的；C．frightened害怕的；D．ashamed丢人的；根据下文的Twicehegotupandwentoutside可知，丈夫是被打扰到了（disturbed），故答案为B．11．D．考查名词及语境理解．根据下文的therewassomethinginourrubbishbin可知，他去外面的原因是听到了杂音（noise）．故答案为D．12．C．考查名词及语境理解．根据下文丈夫做出的动作可知，他站在垃圾桶（rubbishbin）旁边，故答案为C．13．C．考查介词及语境理解．由常识可知，丈夫用一根棍子掀起垃圾桶，往里面看，故答案为C．14．B．考查动词及语境理解．A．fixed安装；B．dropped掉落；C．raised举起；D．carried携带；根据下文Pickingupthestickagain可知，此处他把棍子扔掉，因此用dropped．故答案为B．15A．考查形容词及语境理解．丈夫在垃圾桶里发现了活物，所以他掀起盖给"我"看，故答案为A．16B．考查名词及语境理解．A．hesitation犹豫；B．doubt怀疑；C．delay耽搁；D．exception例外；毫无疑问，这个东西是作者丢掉的面团，故答案为B．17．D．考查名词及语境理解．结合常识可知，这里是一个化学反应，经过太阳的照射就会发生那样的反应，故答案为D．18．C．考查名词及语境理解．它摇晃的样子就像在呼吸一样，故答案为C．19．D．考查名词及语境理解．"我"不得不承认丈夫口中活着的东西是什么，而且它为什么在那儿．根据上文…therewassomethinginourrubbishbin可知答案为D．故答案为D．20．A．考查形容词及语境理解．embarrassed尴尬的；nervous不安的；regretful后悔的；awkward笨拙的．通读全文可知，"我"不知道对于这整件事谁更尴尬，故答案为A．38.Thehotsunhadcausedthedough(面团)todoubleinsizeandthefermentingyeast(酵母)madethesurfaceshakeandsighasthoughitwerebreathinganditlookedlikesomeunknownbeingfromouterspace.炙热的太阳导致面团面积加倍，酵母使面团的表面摆晃叹息，似乎它在呼吸，它看上去像某种来自外部空间的无名生物。简析：比喻形象生动。Thehotsunhadcausedthedough（面团）todoubleinsizeandthefermentingyeast（酵母）madethesurfaceshakeandsighasthoughitwerebreathinganditlookedlikesomeunknownbeingfromouterspace.（NMET2000.B篇）________________________________________________________________________炙热的太阳导致面团面积加倍，酵母使面团的表面摆晃叹息，似乎它在呼吸，它看上去像某种来自外部空间的无名生物。简析：比喻形象生动。Doublesizesurfaceshakeandsighasthoughbreathlooklikeunknownbeingouterspacecause简析：比喻形象生动。39.Afterall,whatlivelychildrenwouldn’tsettleforspendingonlyhalfthedaydoingordinaryschoolwork,andacting,singingordancingtheirwaythroughtheotherhalfoftheday?毕竟，难道这些活泼可爱的孩子们不满足于半天搞普通教育的文化课，半天搞表演、唱歌、舞蹈等舞台训练吗?简析：反问句式，语气强烈。真题链接（2004年广东省二模）Stageschoolsoftenactasagenciestosupplychildrenforstageandtelevisionwork.Moreworthyofthename"stageschool"arethosefewplaces（1）______childrenattendfulltime,withtrainingforthetheatreandageneraleducation.Avisittosuchschoolswillleaveyouinnodoubtthatthechildrenenjoy（2）______（them）.Afterall,whatlivelychildrenwouldn'tsettleforspendingonlyhalfthedaydoingordinaryschoolwork,andacting,singingordancingtheirwaythroughtheotherhalfoftheday?Thenofcoursethereistimeforthechildren（3）______（make）anameandmakealittlemoneyinsomebigshows.Somestageschoolsgivetheirchildrentoomuch（4）______（profession）workatsuchayoungage.（5）______thelawisverytightontheamounttheycando.Thoseunder13（6）______（limited）to40daysintheyearandthoseover13to80days.Theschoolsthemselvesadmitthatnotallchildrenwillbesuccessfulintheprofessionforwhichtheyarebeingtrained.Sowhathappens（7）______thosewhodon'tmakeit?Whileallthe（8）______（lead）schoolssaytheyplacegreatimportanceonchildren（9）______（get）goodstudyresults,thefactsseemtosuggestthis(10)______（be）notalwaysthecase.【答案】（1）where．考查定语从句。句意：比"舞台学校"更加名副其实的是那些为数不多的地方，孩子们整天在那儿既训练演出，又接受常规教育。此处为定语从句修饰先行词places，先行词在从句中作地点状语，故用关系副词where引导。故填where。（2）themselves．考查代词。句意：你去参观这样的学校就会确信孩子们玩得很开心。表示"玩得开心"短语为enjoyoneself，应用反身代词themselves。故填themselves。（3）tomake．考查不定式。句意：当然，孩子们也有时间在一些大型演出中成名并赚点钱。本句中在名词time后作定语，表示"给孩子们去成名和赚钱的时间"，应用不定式。故填tomake。（4）professional．考查形容词。句意：有些戏剧学校在孩子这么小的时候给他们太多的专业工作。修饰后文名词work应用形容词professional，作定语。故填professional。（5）But．考查连词。句意：但法律对他们所能做的数量非常严格。结合前后文语境可知转折关系，应用连词but，句首单词首字母要大写。故填But。（6）arelimited．考查时态语态。句意：那些小于13岁的儿童被限制在一年40天以内，13岁以上的人一年最多80天。此处主语与谓语构成被动关系，且陈述客观事实用一般现在时的被动语态，主语为those，谓语用复数。故填arelimited。（7）to．考查介词。句意：那么那些没能成功的人会发生什么呢？结合句意表示"发生"短语为happento，故填to。（8）leading．考查形容词。句意：虽然所有的一流学校都说他们非常重视孩子取得良好的学习成绩，但事实似乎表明并非总是如此。修饰后文名词schools应用形容词leading，作定语。故填leading。（9）getting．考查动名词。句意：虽然所有的一流学校都说他们非常重视孩子取得良好的学习成绩，但事实似乎表明并非总是如此。此处作介词的宾语，为动名词的复合结构，故填getting。（10）is．考查时态。句意：虽然所有的一流学校都说他们非常重视孩子取得良好的学习成绩，但事实似乎表明并非总是如此。suggest此处表示"表明"，后接宾语从句，不使用虚拟语气，全篇用一般现在时，从句主语为this，即从句谓语单数，故填is。40.Dad,inahurrytogethomebeforedarksohecouldgoforarun,hadforgottenwearhissafetybelt—amistake75%oftheUSpopulationmakeeveryday.爸爸，急匆匆地在天黑之前赶回家，以便他能出去跑步，却忘记系安全带—这是75%的美国人每天犯的一个错误。简析：关键词forarun去跑步出自2009年广东省高考二模阅读理解。MaybetenyearoldElizabethputitbestwhenshesaidtoherfather,"But,Dad,youcan'tbehealthyifyou'redead."Dad,inahurrytogethomebeforedarksohecouldgoforarun,hadforgottentowearhissafetybeltamistake75%oftheUSpopulationmakeeveryday.Thebigquestioniswhy.Therehavebeenmanymyths(谬论)aboutsafetybeltseversincetheirfirstappearancemcarssomefortyyearsago.Thefollowingarethreeofthemostmon.MythNumberOne:It'sbesttobe"thrownclear"ofaseriousaccident.Truth:Sorry,butanyaccidentseriousenoughto"throwyouclear"isalsogoingtobeseriousenoughtogiveyouaverybadlanding.Andchancesarethatyou'llhavetraveledthroughawindshield(挡风玻璃)ordoortodoit.Studiesshowthatchancesofdyingafteracaraccidentaretwentyfivetimesgreaterincaseswherepeopleare"thrownclear".MythNumberTwo:Safetybelts"trap"peopleincarsthatareburningorsinkinginwater.Truth:Sorryagainbutstudiesshowthatpeopleknockedunconscious(昏迷)duetonotwearingsafetybeltshaveagreaterchanceofdyingint